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NOCTI Criminal Justice Exam Study
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Quorum - Correct Ans: ✅Minimum of required person to make vote/ action/ decisions
Can only be looked at by a Grand Jury and then indicted - Correct
Ans: ✅Felony
Indictment - Correct Ans: ✅Piece of paper, "we the grand jury says James Smith is guilty of..."
Beyond Reasonable Doubt - Correct Ans: ✅Highest level of proof of evidence
Probable Cause - Correct Ans: ✅More than suspicion, but less than actual knowledge.
Preponderance of Evidence - Correct Ans: ✅More than likely that person should be held responsible
Nolo Contedere - Correct Ans: ✅Latin term meaning a plea of no contest
OSHA - Correct Ans: ✅Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Use of Force Continuum - Correct Ans: ✅1. Officer Presence
- Verbalization
- Empty- Hand Control
- Less- Lethal
- Letha
Bill of Rights - Correct Ans: ✅First Ten Amendments
1st Amendment - Correct Ans: ✅Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly, and Petition
2nd Amendment - Correct Ans: ✅Right for the people to keep and bear arms, as well as to maintain a militia
3rd Amendment - Correct Ans: ✅Protection from quartering of troops
4th Amendment - Correct Ans: ✅Protection from unreasonable search and seizure
5th Amendment - Correct Ans: ✅Due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and eminent domain (compensation)
Crimes against the person include murder, rape, robbery, and
___________. - Correct Ans: ✅assault
A/an ____________ is a crime punishable by at least one year in
prison. - Correct Ans: ✅misdemeanor
Legal term for a civil or personal wrong? - Correct Ans: ✅Tort
Terry v. Ohio - Correct Ans: ✅- Stop and Frisk
- Officers are permitted to pat down clothing of people on the streets if there is reasonable suspicion of dangerous criminal activity
- "Terry pats" (over clothes only)
- police must make observations, draw reasonable conclusions, identify themselves, and make inquiries before conducing a stop and frisk
Mapp v. Ohio - Correct Ans: ✅- Exclusionary Rule
- Exclusionary rule incorporated into states
- Because fourth amendment protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by all law enforcement officials, evidence found through improper searches or seizures must be excluded from use at state and federal trials
Carroll v. US - Correct Ans: ✅- Automobile searches
- Because by their nature automobiles can be easily moved, warrantless searches are permissible when reasonable suspicion of illegal activity exists
Katz v. US - Correct Ans: ✅1967, the government can not tap your phone without a warrant.
Schenck vs. United States - Correct Ans: ✅1919, Government can stop you from saying something that is a clear and present danger.
United States vs. Nixon - Correct Ans: ✅1974, No person is above the law, and the president can't use executive privilege as an excuse to withhold evidence from a trial.
Texas vs. Johnson - Correct Ans: ✅1989, Burning the American flag is constitutional because it is expressive conduct with political undertones, protected by the 1st Amendment.
Plessy vs. Ferguson - Correct Ans: ✅1896, separate but equal (segregated facilities) is constitutional.
Miranda v. Arizona - Correct Ans: ✅- Questioning suspects
- before questioning a suspect held in custody, police officers must inform the individual of their right
- must inform prior to questioning
Al Qaeda - Correct Ans: ✅international terrorist group
Domestic terrorist - Correct Ans: ✅homegrown terrorist
Based on "reasonable suspicion" an officer may ____________. -
Correct Ans: ✅frisk a suspect for weapons
Modus Operandi - Correct Ans: ✅Method of Operation
Corpus Delicti - Correct Ans: ✅Body of Crime
Miranda V. Arizona - Correct Ans: ✅Self incrimination
Terry v. Ohio - Correct Ans: ✅Stop and Frisk
Oliver vs. United States - Correct Ans: ✅- Open Fields Doctrine
- CANNOT search yard immediately surrounding a house without warrant or specific justification for warrantless search
- CAN search if criminal evidence is visible on property
Minnesota vs. Dickerson - Correct Ans: ✅- Pain feel and other senses
- While conducting a pat-down search of a suspects outer clothing, police may seize items in pockets or clothing as evidence if they are immediately identifiable by touch as weapons or contraband
Chimel vs. California - Correct Ans: ✅- search incident to a lawful arrest
- To preserve evidence and protect the safety of the officer and the public after a lawful arrest, arrestee and the immediate area around the arrestee may be searched for weapons and criminal evidence
- officers justified to check if suspect unarmed for own and public safety
- search for weapons or evidence
United States vs. Robinson - Correct Ans: ✅- incident to an Arrest
-A warrantless search to an arrest is not limited by the seriousness of the crime for which the arrestee has been taken into custody
Kentucky vs. King - Correct Ans: ✅- Exigent circumstances
- Police can create an exigent circumstance (even on accident)- in this event, a warrant is not required for seized evidence to be admissible in court
United States vs. Drayton - Correct Ans: ✅- Consent
- Police are not required to inform people of their right to decline when police ask for consent to search
Courts that review lower courts - Correct Ans: ✅appellate
Written order to appear in court - Correct Ans: ✅subpoena
Never submit a loaded gun to the laboratory, unless __________. -
Correct Ans: ✅it is delivered in person
A firearm should always be treated as if it is __________. - Correct
Ans: ✅loaded
When arresting a suspect known to have tuberculosis, the officer
should ___________. - Correct Ans: ✅wear a mask
In managing prisons and jails, one recent innovation is to operate
them ______________. - Correct Ans: ✅through private companies
A _______ is a legal document ordering a person to testify in a court
of law as a witness. - Correct Ans: ✅subpoena
A search warrant is invalid if ________. - Correct Ans: ✅it is not signed by a judge
The standard of proof that law enforcement must have before a
judicial officer can issue a warrant called _________. - Correct Ans:
✅probable cause
Courts that have the authority to review decisions of a lower court
are known as ____________ courts. - Correct Ans: ✅appellate
The highest level of authority in Criminal law is/are ________. -
Correct Ans: ✅federal statues
The ____________ has primary jurisdiction over cases involving
disputes between states. - Correct Ans: ✅U.S. Supreme Court
When offering testimony in court, the officer should direct his/her
responses towards the _______. - Correct Ans: ✅judge
An officer who maintains an alert demeanor and proper attire during
a court appearance exhibits_____________. - Correct Ans:
✅professionalism and authority
In courtroom testimony, officers may use _________ to refresh their
memories. - Correct Ans: ✅police reports
The _________ represents the state's case in a criminal trial. -
Correct Ans: ✅prosecuting attorney
The term ________ refers to negotiating an agreement in a criminal
trial. - Correct Ans: ✅plea bargain
Pretrial publicity would likely cause a motion to _________ to be
made prior to the beginning of the trial. - Correct Ans: ✅change venue
Testimony that is NOT admissible in court is _________. - Correct
Ans: ✅hearsay
Juvenile courts are considered ___________. - Correct Ans: ✅non- adversarial
The term,_________, refers to a decision by a judge that a child has
committed delinquent acts. - Correct Ans: ✅adjudication
The term,__________, refers to an act committed by a juvenile that
is considered a crime when committed by an adult. - Correct Ans:
✅delinquency
A __________ is a document asking a court to assume jurisdiction
over a juvenile. - Correct Ans: ✅petition
If an officer makes a stop or arrest based on a person's race or
ethnicity, it is an example of ____________. - Correct Ans: ✅racial profiling
The term, actus reus, refers to the - Correct Ans: ✅physical ability
The most common fingerprint patter is the - Correct Ans: ✅loop
Crossing of the arms and/or legs when questioning a suspect is a
probable sign of _____________. - Correct Ans: ✅non-verbal deception
A prisoner who demonstrates suicidal tendencies should be
evaluated by ____________. - Correct Ans: ✅a mental health professional
When conducting a photo line-up, all the suspects should have
______________. - Correct Ans: ✅similar physical features
A crime punishable by death, or life in prison is a ___________. -
Correct Ans: ✅capital offense
The Fourth Amendment guarantees an individual protection against
____________. - Correct Ans: ✅unreasonable search and seizure
A process used to maintain and document the chronological history
of evidence is known as __________. - Correct Ans: ✅chain of custody
When escalating the use of force, the officer should consider
opportunity, jeopardy, and ___________. - Correct Ans: ✅ability
Prior to a pat-down search, the officer should ___________. -
Correct Ans: ✅inquire about weapon
Which court has ultimate authority? - Correct Ans: ✅U.S. Supreme Court
While approaching a vehicle during a traffic stop, the police officer
should ___________. - Correct Ans: ✅leave his or her fingerprint on the rear of the stopped vehicle
The term,_________, means confinement in jail or prison. - Correct
Ans: ✅incarceration
To be objective, police reports must be written ___________. -
Correct Ans: ✅without prejudice or bias
Cultural diversity includes appreciating differences in age, race,
gender, ethnicity, language, and ______________. - Correct Ans:
✅sexual orientation
Class B fires involve __________. - Correct Ans: ✅flammable liquids
A common category of mistreatment of the elderly involves
_____________. - Correct Ans: ✅neglect
What is the most common cause of police officer deaths in the line of
duty? - Correct Ans: ✅Automobile-related incidents
The Department of Homeland Security was established after the
_______________. - Correct Ans: ✅World Trade Center attack of 2001
The use of pressure points is considered an example of ___________
force on the use of force continuum. - Correct Ans: ✅soft hand
Which terrorist group was responsible for the World Trade Center
Attack of 2001? - Correct Ans: ✅Al-Qaeda
One of the goals of the Patriot Act is to _____________. - Correct
Ans: ✅deter terrorists from entering and operating within the U.S.
The most widely abused drug in the United States is ___________. -
Correct Ans: ✅marijuana
A police report is _____________. - Correct Ans: ✅a legal document
According to the force continuum__________ is an example of
deadly force. - Correct Ans: ✅firearm
When responding to an emergency situation, a police officer should
_____________. - Correct Ans: ✅proceed with due care and caution
The term vicarious liability, means that ______________. - Correct
Ans: ✅liability is shared
If a police officer discharges a firearm, the officer may be responsible
for _______________. - Correct Ans: ✅a negligent act
Which Supreme Court case sets the standards for the use of deadly
force by police? - Correct Ans: ✅Tennessee vs. Garner
A police officer is justified in drawing his/her weapon when
____________. - Correct Ans: ✅deadly force is a threat
A non-lethal weapon that uses a wire to transmit the control is called
____________. - Correct Ans: ✅a taser
Using _________ is considered deadly force. - Correct Ans: ✅knife
The term, expandable baton, describes a/an ____________. -
Correct Ans: ✅ASP (Armament systems and procedures)
An officer gives a suspect an order, but the suspect fails to follow the
order. The officer should use _____________. - Correct Ans:
✅contact controls
Compliance control relies on the __________ points on the body. -
Correct Ans: ✅pressure
The term, reactionary gap, is the ______________. - Correct Ans:
✅safe distance between the officer and the offender
Graham vs. Connor protects police officers because it
_____________. - Correct Ans: ✅allows the incident to be viewed from the police officer's perspective
In the case of Tennessee vs. Garner, the Supreme Court ruled that
________________. - Correct Ans: ✅police officers cannot use deadly physical force to effect the arrest of a person simply because they are fleeing from a felony
Actus Reus - Correct Ans: ✅The actual criminal act (guilty act)
Mens Rea - Correct Ans: ✅The mental state a person must have been in while committing a crime for it to be intentional (guilty mind)
