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NIGHTINGALE ANATOMY FINAL EXAM
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The structure that is called the "powerhouse" of the cell is the: Mitochondira Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of: Organelles A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called: Sagittal A sagittal section divides the body into _____ portions. right and left A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is: Coronal plane Which of the following does not describe anatomical position? Head pointing forward
Body standing erect Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up All of the above describe the body in the anatomical position. arms extened from the shoulder, palms up Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n): organ The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: stomach pancreas heart reproductive organs heart When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a(n): tissue The mediastinum contains all of the following except the: trachea. venae cavae. right lung. esophagus. right lung Atomic mass is determined by the number of:
An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. neutrons The octet rule refers to the: A. stability of the nucleus when the protons are in a multiple of eight. B. stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. C. stable configuration of the nucleus when there are eight more neutrons than protons. D. principle that one atom can combine with a maximum of eight other atoms. B. stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are): water Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called: caveolae The fundamental organizational unit of life is the: cell Main cell structures include all of the following except: organelles.
plasma membrane. interstitial fluid. cytoplasm. interstitial fluid A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read: microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the: mitochondria. proteasomes. peroxisomes. lysosomes. peroxisomes The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae? Mitochondrion Which of the following is not true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A. It makes lipids and carbohydrates. B. It is made of broad, flattened sacs. C. It has many ribosomes attached to it. D. All of the above are true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. A. it makes lipids and carbohydrates
The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called extracellular matrix Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities? epithelial A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called mucus Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the epidermis Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the arrector pili muscle Around the sixth month of pregnancy, the developing fetus is almost entirely covered by a fine soft hair coat called the: langup=o Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules? simple cuboidal epithelium
The mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called the cerumen Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist? carpals tarsals metacarpals metatarsals carpals What structures normally hold the foot bones firmly in their arched positions? cartilage and tendons ligaments and cartilage muscles and tendons ligaments and tendons ligaments and tendons Which of the following is a bone in the axial skeleton? vertebra tarsal femur clavicle vertebra
ilium coccygeal pubis Which letter indicates the jugular foramen? E The muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the: opponens pollicis Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. The origin of the muscle is attached to the bone that does not move. B. The insertion of the muscle is attached to the bone that moves. C. When the muscle contracts, the insertion moves toward the origin. D. All of the above are correct. D The muscle that extends and adducts the arm is the: latissimus dorsi
The flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the: anterior medial surface of the forearm T/F: The Achilles tendon is common to both the gastrocnemius and the soleus. true Moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be: epimysium, perimysium, endomysium The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? Recus and femoris The muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the: trapezius The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? flexor
Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the: perineurium A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron. multipolar Multipolar neurons have: A. multiple axons and multiple dendrites. B. multiple axons and one dendrite. C. multiple dendrites and one axon. D. one dendrite and one axon. c The nervous system can be divided: A. according to its structure. B. according to direction of information flow. C. by control of effectors. D. in all of the above ways. D One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is: Astrocytes The brain has _____ major divisions. 6 Several "vital centers" are located in the:
medulla T/F: Axon terminals that secrete acetylcholine are called cholinergic terminals. true Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm? brachial T/F: All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. false Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the following except the: A. subarachnoid space. B. central canal. C. third ventricle. D. subdural space. D The sensory cranial nerves include only the: olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear The cervical plexus: A. is found deep in the neck. B. is formed by the ventral rami of the first C. four cervical nerves and part of C5.
Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin. Beta cells (B cells) Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye. vitreous humor Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones? the fovea centralis Receptors for hearing are located in the cochlear duct Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function. thymus gland Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule. vestibule The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the infundibulum The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two- thirds of the tongue is the facial Largest purely endocrine gland in the body. thyroid gland
Identify the letter that indicates the common iliac artery. a Identify the letter that indicates the internal jugular vein. b The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called semliunar valves In _____, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network. vascular anastomoses The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood cell and is responsible for the red pigment is hemoglobin
Identify the letter that indicates where most nutrient and waste exchange occurs between the tissue and blood. a Which of the following is a powerful poison that acts directly on any cell and quickly kills it? lymphotoxin A tumor of the lymphoid tissue is called lymphoma The lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. The two most important functions of this system are fluid balance and immunity. Chemotaxis is the process by which a cell navigates toward the source of the chemotactic factor by way of detecting and then moving toward higher concentrations of the factor.
Which protein interferes with the ability of viruses to cause disease? interferon Recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when an antigen's epitopes fit into and bind to an antibody molecule's anitgen-binding sites During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. Thymocytes The functions of the lymph nodes are Defense and hematopoiesis Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. cell-mediated The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles is called phagocytosis. The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the: maxillary. frontal. ethmoid. sphenoid. maxillary
