Download NHA PCT BHS 2023 Exam Questions and Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Answers 2025
Purpose of SCDs - Correct Answers ✅Prevent blood clots and increase blood circulation How many fingers go between SCD and patient leg? - Correct Answers ✅2 fingers What is the purpose of anti embolism or TED hoses? - Correct Answers ✅Prevent blood clots from forming in the deep veins of the leg. Also help prevent fluid build up. DVT (deep vein thrombosis) - Correct Answers ✅SCDs and anti embolism stockings are used to prevent these from occurring sterile dressing change - Correct Answers ✅PCTs can assist with sterile dressing changes but is out of PCT scope of practice to do on their own. aseptic dressing changes - Correct Answers ✅This is known as clean technique and PCTs are allowed to perform this. These may be over wounds or incision sites. Remember to prevent infection control and monitor for pain. Simple dressing change steps - Correct Answers ✅1. Perform hand hygiene, assist the patient into a comfortable position, and don gloves.
- Remove old dressing and note any color, odor, or drainage.
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- Dispose of old dressing in biohazard bag.
- Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene.
- Establish an aseptic working area. Open a package of sterile gauze and saturate with sterile water.
- Cleanse the wound. Observe wound size, depth, color and odor.
- Apply a new dressing.
- Dispose of the cleaning gauze and any other used material.
- Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene. What are the shockable rhythms? - Correct Answers ✅V-fib, pulseless V-tach, and asystole At what angle should a venipuncture needle penetrate the skin? - Correct Answers ✅15 to 30 degrees What body position is laying flat on back? - Correct Answers ✅Supine What does ST elevation indicate? - Correct Answers ✅myocardial infarction What is the purpose of the SA node? - Correct Answers ✅pacemaker of the heart
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intake and output - Correct Answers ✅The measurement of the patient's fluid intake and output How many ounces in milliliter - Correct Answers ✅30 oz to 1 ml Vital Signs (VS) - Correct Answers ✅The measure of the functions of the vital organs of the body. Includes temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. The 5th vital sign is level of pain. normal blood pressure - Correct Answers ✅120/80 mmHg Normal heart rate range - Correct Answers ✅60-100 bpm Normal oxygen levels - Correct Answers ✅95- Normal respiration rate - Correct Answers ✅12-20 breaths per minute Obtain vital signs - Correct Answers ✅1. thoroughly clean all components of the vitals machine before entering, let it dry for 3 min
- make sure patient is in an ideal position, if possible a. patient's arms and legs should not be crossed
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b. patient should be on their back, in fowler's position -ASK PATIENT HOW IS THEIR PAIN LEVEL, REPORT 6 OR ABOVE TO NURSE
- begin by placing blood pressure cuff around the patient's bare, upper arm (align the arrow on the cuff with the brachial artery )
- place the oxygen saturation sensor on the patient's index finger a. opposite extremity of the BP cuff (unless wrist band stating no) b. make sure the wire is on top of the patient's overall finger, and the red light is on top of the patient's finger nail
- press start
- make note of BP HR AND O2 saturation
- take the temperature ( tip under the patient's tongue) -ask if they can hold it or if they would like you to hold it
- while taking temp, ask if you may place your hand on their shoulder count their respiration, one inhale and exhale= 1 respiration for 30 seconds multiply it by 2
- record temp and respiration
- remove blood pressure cuff,
- thank patient, exit room, wipe down vital sign and let it dry for 3 min -report vital signs to nurse
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Activities or Daily Living - Correct Answers ✅Bathing, eating, toileting, bed change, oral care Bathing a patient - Correct Answers ✅Supplies: wash cloths, towels, gown, wash basin, cleansing solution, lotion, and deodorant. bath water temperature - Correct Answers ✅The temperature of the water used to give a bath, should be between 105-115 degrees Fahrenheit Oral care for unconscious patient - Correct Answers ✅when providing oral care for an unconscious patient place them on their side to prevent aspiration of liquids Oral care importance - Correct Answers ✅Infection prevention How to bath a patient - Correct Answers ✅Cleanest area to dirtiest Linen change - Correct Answers ✅- patient's bed should be clean & comfortable
- make sure linen is dry, clean, free of wrinkles and crumbs Feeding a patient - Correct Answers ✅- consider aesthetics
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- sit pt. up at least 45 degrees for meal and 30 mins after
- do not start with all fluids
- during feeding, check for pocketed food
- sit or stand close to pt. and get comfortable
- converse with patient aspiration - Correct Answers ✅Breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs emesis - Correct Answers ✅vomiting Epitaxis - Correct Answers ✅nosebleed CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) - Correct Answers ✅-refers to medical procedures used when a person's heart and lungs have stopped working -100-120 compressions a minute -for adults 30 compressions to 2 breaths
- check scene safety and shake the patient asking if they are okay
- check breathing and pulse -call for help, call 911 and start chest compressions -send someone for an AED
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ammonia and lactate acid need to be on ice slurry bilirubin needs to be protected from light Wound infection symptoms - Correct Answers ✅Redness Swelling or Edema Foul odor Purulent drainage Warmth (skin feels hot) Fever, Tachycardia Pain Wound edges may be separated, with dehiscence nasal cannula - Correct Answers ✅A device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the patient's nostrils. incentive spirometry - Correct Answers ✅a common postoperative breathing therapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patient to inhale and hold an inspiratory volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications Bed alarms and chair alarms - Correct Answers ✅Sounds alarm when patient gets out of bed or chair, used to prevent falls
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NG tube placement - Correct Answers ✅xray to confirm proper placement, monitor NG output (color and amt), monitor nasal skin around tube, monitor tubing for kinks & "plugs" JP Drain (Jackson Pratt) - Correct Answers ✅Closed-suction soft tube usually placed post-op to drain blood and inflammatory fluids from body Suctioning - Correct Answers ✅-hyperoxygenate client -suction 10-15 seconds (rotating motion); limit 2-3 attempts -Allow 20-30 sec recovery between attempts -Document amount , color, and consistency of secretions as well as client's response stages of grief - Correct Answers ✅1. Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance Weighing a patient - Correct Answers ✅daily weights important for medication doses, and patients that have heart failure
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Standard Precautions - Correct Answers ✅CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions contact precautions - Correct Answers ✅practices used to prevent spread of disease by direct or indirect contact use gown example CDIFF, MRSA Droplet precautions - Correct Answers ✅Methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing. wear a surgical mask examples influenza Airborne precautions - Correct Answers ✅Methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei. wear n95 mask example tuberculosis
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Blood Culture Collection - Correct Answers ✅Sterile blood specimen for blood cultures for a patient suspected of having sepsis. Site to be cleaned with Chlorhexidine or Iodine, not alcohol. BCCs are always done FIRST, before any other tubes. Sepsis - Correct Answers ✅Dangerous infection of the blood sentinel event - Correct Answers ✅an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof artifacts in EKG - Correct Answers ✅distortion of ekg tracing; any abnormal wave, spike, not generated by electrical activity of the heart wandering baseline interrupted baseline somatic tremor AC interference EKG lead placement (5 Lead) - Correct Answers ✅White above green: sky above grass, white on right Brown to the pt. right of sternum: poop by the stomach Black above red: smoke over fire
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shark teeth type waves Atrial Flutter - Correct Answers ✅irregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter has QRS can be normal heart beat wave like ventricular tachycardia - Correct Answers ✅a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles no QRS ventricular fibrillation - Correct Answers ✅the rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles no QRS Asystole - Correct Answers ✅absence of contractions of the heart Bradycardia - Correct Answers ✅slow heart rate (less than 60 bpm) Tachycardia - Correct Answers ✅fast heart rate
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hypotension - Correct Answers ✅low blood pressure Hypertension - Correct Answers ✅high blood pressure edema - Correct Answers ✅swelling diaphoresis - Correct Answers ✅profuse sweating petechiae - Correct Answers ✅a small red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin. purpura - Correct Answers ✅multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin Hematoma - Correct Answers ✅bruise enema - Correct Answers ✅the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity sitz bath - Correct Answers ✅a warm soak of the perineal area to clean perineal wounds and reduce inflammation and pain
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palliative care - Correct Answers ✅Care designed not to treat an illness but to provide physical and emotional comfort to the patient and support and guidance to his or her family. end of life care - Correct Answers ✅-provide comfort and supportive care during dying process -improve quality of remaining life -help ensure a dignified death -provide emotional support to family
- Remove drains and lines unless otherwise directed not to
- Place in supine position
- Clean patient and provide clean linens dermal puncture - Correct Answers ✅A procedure in which a finger or heel is lanced to obtain a small quantity of blood for testing; also called a capillary draw, finger stick, heel stick, or skin puncture Dermal puncture should be done with what? - Correct Answers ✅Lancet when to do dermal puncture - Correct Answers ✅Patients age, requested test, and health status Tests that require a small amount of blood
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Vein not accessible but need blood draw Lab test requires Patient at risk for iatrogenic anemia Iatrogenic anemia - Correct Answers ✅anemia caused by collecting too much blood from a patient by volume in a given amount of time Order of Draw for a Capillary Puncture - Correct Answers ✅1. Blood Gas
- EDTA (lavender or pink)
- Lithium Heparin (green top)
- Other anticoagulant tubes
- Serum tubes(Red, Gold)
- Red with no additive NPO - Correct Answers ✅nothing by mouth Lean Methodology - Correct Answers ✅An integrated system of principles, practices, tools, and techniques focused on reducing waste, synchronizing workflows, and managing variability in production flows.
