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——joQV_Vnnn Chicf Complaint Definition CORRECTANS:- The reason why the paticnt came to see the physician. ChicfComplaint Abbreviation CORRECT ANS:- CC History of Present Illness Abbreviation CORRECTANS:- HPL History of Present Illness Definition CORRECTANS:- This is an explanation of the CC to determine the onset ofthe illness; associated symptoms; what the patient has done to treat the condition, etc. Past, Family and Social [listory Abbreviation CORRECT ANS:- PFSII Past Medical History Definition CORRECTANS:- Includes all health problems, maior illnesses, surgeries the patient has had, current medications complete with reasons for taking them, and allergies. Family History Definition CORRECTANS:- Summary of health problems of siblings, parents, and other blood relatives that could alert the physician to hereditary and/or familial disease. Social History Definition CORRECTANS:- Includes marital status, occupation, educational allainment, hobbies, use of alcohol, tobacco, drugs, and lifestyles. Revicw of Systems Abbreviation CORRECT ANS:- ROS Review of Systems Definition CORRECTANS:- This isan orderly and systcmatic check of cach organ and systcm of the body by questions. Both positive and pertinent negative findings are documented. 3 Body Processes Necessary for life are: CORRECTANS:- Body Temperature, Respiration, Heart Function 4 Vital Signs of Body Function are: CORRECTANS:- Temperature, Pulse, Respiration, Blood Pressure Define Body Temperature CORRECTANS:- Isa balance between heart production and heart loss in conjunction with each other, maintained and regulated by the hypothalamus. [Date] | | Thermometers CORRECT ANS:- Are used to measure temperature using the Fahrenheit and Centigrade or Celsius scale. Temperature Sites CORRECTANS:- Mouth, Rectum, Ear (Tympanic Membrane), and the axilla (underarm). Normal Tempcrature Range forRcctal CORRECTANS:- 98.6F to 100.6F 37.0C to 38.1C Normal Tempcrature Range for Oral CORRECTANS:- 97.6F to 99.6F 36.5C to 37.5C Normal Tempcrature Range for Axillary CORRECTANS:- 96.6F to 98.6F 35.96 19 37.0 Normal Temperature Range for Tympanic Membrane CORRECT ANS:- 98.6 F 37C Define Febrile CORRECTANS:- Presence of Fever Define Alebrile CORRECTANS:- Absence of Fever Define Fever CORRECT ANS:- Elevated body temperature beyond normal range. Intermittent Fever CORRECTANS:- Fluctuating fever that returns to or bclow baseline then rises again. Remittent Fever CORRECT ANS:- Fluctuating fever that remains elevated; it docs not return to bascline temperature. Continuous Fever CORRECT ANS:- A lever that remains constant above the basclinc; it docs not fluctuate. Oral’Temperature CORRECT ANS:- Is the most common method of measurement. Oral ‘lemperature is not taken from what patients: CORRECT ANS:- -infants and children less than six years old -paticnts who has had surgery or facial, neck, nose, or mouth injury -those receiving oxygen -those with nasogastric tubes -patients with convulsive seizure -hemiplegic patients -patients with altered mental status Taking an apical pulse is used for patients with: CORRECTANS:- Irregular heart rate and for infants and small children. Respiratory Characteristics CORRECTANS:- Rate, Rhythm, and Depth Respiratory Ratc CORRECT ANS:- Is the number of respirations per minutc. Normal Adult Range of Respiratory Ratc CORRECTANS:- 12 to 20 pcr minute What counts as one respirations: CORRECT ANS:- One inspiration (inhale) and One Expiration (exhale). How is a Respiratory Rate calculated: CORRECTANS:- Countrespirations for 30 seconds then multiplied by two or count for a full minute. Define Apnea CORRECTANS:- This is a temporary complete absence of breathing which may by result of a reduction in the stimuli to the respiratory centers of the brain. Define Tachypnea CORRECT ANS:- This is a respiration rate of greater than 40/min. It is transient in the newborn and maybe caused by the hysteriain the adult. Define Bradypnea CORRECTANS:- Decrease in numbers of respirations. This occurs during slecp. It may also be duc to certain discascs. Define Respiralory Rhythm CORRECTANS:- Relers to the pattern of breathing. It can vary with age: infants have an irregular rhythm while adults have regular. Define Cheyne-Stokes CORRECTANS:- This is a regular pattern of irregular breathing rate. Define Orthopnea CORRECTANS:- This is difficulty or inability to breath unless in an upright position. Define Respiratory Depth CORRECT ANS:- Refers tothe amount of air thatis inspired and expired during each respiration. Define Hypoventilation CORRECTANS:- Statein which reduced amount of air enters the lungs resulting in decreased oxygen level and increased carbon dioxide level in blood. It can be due to breathing that is too shallow, or too slow, or to diminished hing function. [Date] | | Define Ilyperpnea CORRECTANS:- Abnormal increase in the depth and rate of breathing. Define Ilyperventilation CORRECTANS:- State in which there is an increased amount of air entering the lungs. Define Blood Pressure CORRECT ANS:- This is the measurement ofthe amount of force exerted by the blood on the peripheral arterial walls and is expresscd in millimeters (mm) of mercury (Hg). Blood Pressure Abbreviation CORRECT ANS:- BP BP consist of two componcnts: CORRECT ANS:- The Highcst (systolc) and lowest (diastolc) amount of pressure cxerted during the cardiac cycle. Common errors in blood pressure measurements: CORRECTANS:- -Improper Cuff Size -The arm is not at heart level -Cuff is not completely deflated before use -Deflation of the cuffis faster than 2-3mmHG per second -The cuffis re-inflated during the procedure without allowing the arm to rest for 1-2 minutes between reading -Improper cuff placement. -Defective Equipment. Define Anthropomctric Measurements CORRECTANS:- Rcicrs to comparative measurements of the body. What age groups use Length, Ileight, Weight, Weight-for-Length, and Ilead Circumference - Anthropometric Mcasurcments: CORRECTANS:- Arc uscd to assess growth and development in infants, children, and adolescents. What age groups usc Height, Weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and % of body fat - Anthropomctric Mcasuremcnts: CORRECTANS:- Are the measurements used for adults. The 4 principles of a physical cxaminations: CORRECT ANS:- Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation Define Inspection CORRECTANS:- Which provided an cnormous amount of information. ‘The observer uses observation to detect significant physical features or objective data. Inspection focuses on certain aspects of the patient: CORRECTANS:- General Appearance, State of Nutrition, Body Habitus, Symmetry, Posture and Gait [Date] | os | The Knee-Chest Position CORRECTANS:- Is used for rectal or vaginal examinations and as treatment to bring ulerus into a normal position. The paticnt is on his/her knees with his/her chest resting on the bed and clbows resting on the bed or arms above head. The head is turned to one side. Trendclenburg Position CORRECTANS:- The paticnt is placed flat on the back, face up, the knees flexed and Icgs hanging off the end of the table. with the legs and feet supported by footboard. The table is positioned with the head 45 degrees lowcr than the body. This position is used primarily for surgical proccdurcs of pelvis and abdomcn. OSHA stands for CORRECT ANS:- Occupational Safety and Health Adminstration OSHAis CORRECT ANS:- Responsible for the identification ofthe various hazards present in the work place and for the creation of rules and regulations to minimize exposure to such hazards. Physical Hazards - Electrical Safety Regulations: CORRECTANS:- -Use only ground plugs that have been approved by Underwriters’ Laboratory (UL) -Never use extension cords -Avoid electrical circuit overloading -Inspect all cords and plugs periodically for damage -Use a surge protector on all sensitive electronic devices -Before servicing, UNPLUG the device from the electrical outlet -Usc signs and/or labcls to indicate high voltage or clectrical hazard Chemical Ilazards - Chemical Safety Regulations CORRECTANS:- -If skin or eyes come in contact with any chemicals, immediately wash the area with walter for at least S minutes -Store flammable or volatile chemicals in a well-ventilated area -Afier use, immediately recap all bottles containing toxic substances -Labcl all chemicals with the requircd Matcrial Safety Data Shect (MDSD) Material Safety Data Sheet Abbreviation CORRECTANS:- MDSD Paticnt's have the Rightto: CORRECT ANS:- -Information about pain and pain relied -A caring staff who believes in your reports of pain -A care staff with concern about your pain -A quick response when you report your pain Patient's have the responsibility to: CORRECTANS:- -Ask for pain reliefwhen you pain first starts -Help those caring for you to asses you pain -Tell those caring for youif your pain is not relieved [Date] | 7 -Tell those caring for you aboul any worries thal you have about taking pain medications -Decide if you want your family and/or significant others to aid in your relicfof pain Paticnt Representative CORRECTANS:- Primary assignment is to assist you in exercising your rights as a paticnt. Good Samaritan Law CORRECT ANS:- This law deals with the rendcring of first aid by health care professionals at the sccne ofan accident or sudden injury. Needle Stick Prevention Act CORRECT ANS:- OSHA has put into force the Occupational Exposurc to Bloodborne Pathogen (BBP) Standard when it was concluded that healthcare cmployccs face a scrious health risk as a results of occupational exposure to blood and other boy fluids and tissues.. Bloodborne Pathogen Abbreviation CORRECTANS:- BBP Bloodborne Pathogen Standard CORRECTANS:- -Revision and updating of the exposure control plan -Solicitation of employee inpulin selecting engineering and work practice controls -Modification of definitions relating to engineering controls -New record keeping requirements Sharps Injurv Log must contain, at the minimum: CORRECT ANS:- -The type and brand of device involved in the incident -The department or work area where the exposure incident occurred -An explanation ofhow the incident occured Define Torl CORRECT ANS:- Is a wrongful act that results in injury lo one person by another. Define Battcry CORRECTANS:- The basis of tort in this casc is the unprivileged touching of one person by another. When a procedure is to be performed on a paticnt, the paticnt must give consent in full knowledge ofthe procedure and the risk it cntails (informed consent). Define Invasion of Privacy CORRECTANS:- ‘This is the release of medical records without the paticnt's knowledge and permission. Define Defamation of Character CORRECT ANS:- ‘This consists of injury to another person's reputation, name, or character through spoken (slander) or written (libel) words. [Date] | | -Call for assistance -Keep the viclim lying down with the head lower than the rest of the body -Attcmpt to control bleeding or causc of shock (if known) -Keep the viclim warm until help arrives Define Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CORRECTANS:- Most healthcare institutions require their professionals to be certifics in CPR. It is important for all professional to maintain all certifications acquired. CPR stands for CORRECT ANS:- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Define Urinary Bacteria CORRECT ANS:- Enteric gram-negative bacteria that arc always nitritc positive can convert urinary nitrate to nitrite. A positive nitrite test is an indication that a significant number of bactcria arc present in the urine. Define Urinary Leukocytes CORRECTANS:- The presence ofincreased numbers of leukocytes or white blood cells in the urine is an indicator of bacteriuria or urinary tract infection (UTI). Abbreviation for Urinary Tract Infection CORRECT ANS:- UTI Granulocytic leukocytes release: CORRECTANS:- Esterase when the cells lyse. Testing for lcukocvtc cstcrasc by: CORRECTANS:- The reagent strip mcthod is used in tandem with the microscopic examination ofurine sediment for the diagnosis of bacteriuria or UTI. A positive test by the reagent strip mcthod is indicated bya: CORRECT ANS:- Purple Color A - - urine samplc is usually required for any bactcrial culture. CORRECTANS:- clean catch mid stream Probably the most common specialized urine test is the . CORRECT ANS:- Pregnancy Test Abbreviation for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin CORRECTANS:- hCG Abbreviation for Uterine Chorionic Gonadotropin CORRECTANS:- UCG Increased levels of hCG are a natural marker for . CORRECT ANS:- Pregnancy [Date] | 10 | Define Ilemoccult Fecal Occult Test CORRECT ANS:- Is used to detect hidden blood in stool specimens. The Ist and last portion of the stool after the bowel movement usually contain conccntrations of the substances most often required for testing. In order lo conduct this lest, a [Iemmocult developing solution is applied lo a stool specimen. Any trace of blue thal appears within the specimen is a sign of a positive result. Define Throat Culture CORRECTANS:- Are used to detect a bacterial, fungal, or ciral infection in the throat. In order to conduct this test, the paticnt should be placed in a comfortable lying or sitting position. After the paticnt have becn asked to open their mouth, the MA should depress the patient's tongue then vigorously swab the throat with a sterile swab. After the specimen is collected, it should correctly labeled with the paticnt's information. Define Sputum Specimen CORRECTANS:- Is used to determine the presence of pathogens in a patient's respiratory passage. When obtaining the specimen the MA should instruct the patient to cough deeply, using the abdominal muscles as well as the accessory muscles to bring up secretions from the lungs as well as the upper airways. After the specimen is collected, it should correctly labeled with the patient's information. Order of Draw for Capillary Specimens CORRECTANS:- 1. Lavender’Tube 2. Tubes with other additives 3. Tubes without additives PKU CORRECT ANS:- This test is ordered for infants to detect phenylketonuria, a genetic disease that causes mental retardation and brain damage. Test is done on blood from newborn's heel or on urine. Ordcr of Draw (BcCausc Better Specimens Gencratce Perfect Goals) CORRECT ANS:- 1. Blood Cultures . Light Blue Top Tubes . Scrum or non-additive tube (Red or Red/ Gray Top Tubcs) . Green Top Tubes . Lavendar ‘lop ‘lubes . Gray Top Tubes aAntrwhN Define Infection Control/ Chain of Infection CORRECTANS:- Based on the fact that the transmission of infectious disease will be prevented or stopped when any levelin the chain is broken or interrupted. Define Agents CORRECTANS:- Are infectious , microorganisms that can be classified into groups namely: viruses, bacteria, flingi, and parasites. Define Portal of Exit CORRECT ANS:- ‘The method by which an infectious agent leaves it reservoir. oe Define Surgical Asepsis CORRECT ANS:- All microbial life, pathogens, pathogens and non-pathogens., are destroyed beforc an invasive procedure is performed. Often used interchangeably. 4 Mcthods of Stcrilization CORRECTANS:- -Gas Stcrilization -Drv Heat Sterilization -Chemical Sterilization -Stcam Stcrilization Define Gas Sterilization CORRECTANS:- Often used for wheelchairs and hospital beds. Useful in hospitals, but costly for the office. Define Dry Heat Sterilization CORRECTANS:- Requires higher tempcrature that steam sterilization but longer exposure times. Used for instruments that easily corrodes. Define Chemical Sterilization CORRECTANS:- Uses the same chemical used for chemical disinfection, but the exposure time is longer. Define Steam Sterilization CORRECTANS:- Uses steam under pressure to obtain high temperature of 250-254F with exposure times of 20-40 minutes depending on the item being sterilized. Define land Washing CORRECT ANS:- Is the most important mearis of preventing the spread of infections. A Routine Hand Washing Procedure: CORRECT ANS:- Uses plain soap to remove soil and transient bacteria. Iland Antisepsis requires: CORRECT ANS:- The use of antimicrobial soap to remove, kill or inhibit transient microorganisms. Define Barricr Protection CORRECTANS:- Protcctive clothing provides a barrier against infection. Abbreviation for Personal Protective Equipment CORRECTANS:- PPE PPE Includes: CORRECT ANS:- -Mask -Goggles -Face Shields -Respirator Define Chemical Examination of Urine CORRECT ANS:- This involves the chemical evaluation of the contents of the urine which can be qualitative or quantitative. oe Chemical Examination of Urine Involves: CORRECT ANS:- -pIl -Glucose -Ketone -Protein -Blood -Bilirubin -Urobilinogen -Nitrite -Leukocyte Estcrasc Define Microscopic Examination of the Urine CORRECT ANS:- Is done on urine scdiment obtained by certrifugation of 10 to 15ml of urinc. The identification and cnumeration of the urinary sediment constitucnts require that only highly skilled and qualified individuals undertake the microscopic examination. Define Specific Gravity of Urine CORRECT ANS:- Is the ratio of the weight of given volume of urine to the weight ofthe same volume of distilled water at a constant temperature. This is the most. convenient way of measuring the kidney's abilily lo concentrate and dilute. During a 21-hour period, normal adults with normal diets and normal fhiid intake produce urine with a specific gravity of between and CORRECT ANS:- 1.015 and 1.025 The normal range of urine specific gravity for a random collection is to CORRECT ANS:- 1.002 to 1.030 Define Urinary pH CORRECTANS:- Is the reflection ofthe acidity or alkaline of solution. Define pH CORRECTANS:- The % of hydrogen ion concentration ofa solution. ApHof____is considered to be neutral. CORRECT ANS:- 7.0 ApHof__to__sis considercd to be acidic. CORRECT ANS:- 0 to 7.0 ApHof___to___is considered to be alkaline or basic. CORRECTANS:- 7 to 14 Normal, freshly voided urine willusually have apHof___to_—. ~CORRECT ANS:- 1.5 to 8.0 Define Urinary Glucose CORRECT ANS:- Is the sugar typically found in urine. ot Define Contact Precaulions CORRECTANS:- Are designed to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms by direct or indirect contact. Define Direct Contact Transmission CORRECT ANS:- Involves skin-to-skin contact and physical transfer of microorganisms lo a susceptible host from an infected or colonized person. Define Indirect-Contact Transmission CORRECT ANS:- Involves contact witha contaminated intermediate object in the paticnt's cnvironment. Define Airborne Precautions CORRECTANS:- Are designed to reduce the risk of airborne transmission of infectious agents. Microorganisms carried in this mannercan be dispersed widcly by air currents and may become inhaled by or deposited on a susccptible host within the same room or over a longer distance from the source patient. Define Droplet Precautions CORRECTANS:- Are designed to reduce the risk of droplet transmission of infectious agents. Droplet Transmission involves: CORRECTANS:- Contact with the conjunctive of the mucous membrane of the nose or mouth of a susceptible person with large particle droplets generated from the source person primarily during coughing, sneezing or talking. Define Latex Sensilivily CORRECTANS:- Is an emerging and important problem in the health care field. Symptoms/Signs ofTrritant Contact Dermatilis CORRECTANS:- Scaling, drying, cracking of skin, Symptoms/Signs of Allergic Contact Dermatitis CORRECT ANS:- Blistering, ilching, crusting (similar lo poison ivy reaction). Symptoms/Signs of NRL Allcrgy IgE/histamine mediated CORRECTANS:- Hives in area of contact with NRL. Causc ofIrritant Contact Dermatitis CORRECTANS:- Dircct skin irritation by gloves, powder, soaps/detergents, incomplete hand drying. Causc of Allergic Contact Dermatitis CORRECTANS:- Accelerators processing chemicals. Cause of NRL Allergy IgE/histamine mediated CORRECTANS:- NRL proteins; direct contact with or breathing NRL proteins, including glove powder containing proteins, from powdered gloves or the environment. ot Prevention / Management for Irritant Contact Dermatitis CORRECT ANS:- Obtain medical diagnosis, avoid irritant product, consider use of cotton glove liners, considcr altcrnative gloves/ products. Prevention / Management for Allergic Contact Dermalilis CORRECTANS:- Obtain medical diagnosis, identify chemical. Consider use of glove liners such as cotton. Use altcrnative glove matcrial without chemical. Assure glove matcrial is suitable for intended use (proper barrier). Prevention / Management for NRL Allergy IgE/histamine mcdiatcd CORRECT ANS:- Obtain medical diagnosis, allergy consultation, subsitute non-NRL, gloves for affected worker and other non-NRL products. Eliminate exposure to glove powder - usc of reducc protcin, powder frec gloves for coworkers. Clean NRL-containing powder from cnvironment. Consider NRL, safe enviroment. (Prescription) po CORRECT ANS:- From the Latin peros, or"by mouth" or "orally" (Prescription) pr CORRECT ANS:- From the Latin per rectum, or "by way of the rectum," by suppository (Prescription) sl CORRECT ANS:- sublingual (under the tongue) (Prescription) TV) CORRECTANS:- intravenous (Prescription) IM CORRECT ANS:- intramuscular (in the muscle) (Prescription) SQ CORRECT ANS:- short for subcutaneous (meaning under the skin) (Prescription) qi CORRECT ANS:- Every Day, from the Latin quaque die (Prescription) bid CORRECTANS:- Twicc a Day, from the Latin his in dic (Prescription) tid CORRECT ANS:- ‘Three ‘Times a Day, from the Latin terin die (Prescription) gid CORRECT ANS:- Four Times a Day, from the Latin quater in die (Prescription) pe CORRECT ANS:- Aftcr mcals or not on an cmpty stomach, from the Latin post cibum (Prescription) qhs CORRECT ANS:- Each night, from the Latin quaque hora somni, or "at bedtime" ot The inner layer of the Pericardium is called: CORRECTANS:- Visceral Pericardium or Epicardium The two layers of Pericardium are separated by: CORRECTANS:- A thin layer of fluid lo prevent friction. These layers and the fluid between them are referred to as the pericardial sac. A structure in the middle of the heart called the , divided the heart into two sidcs. CORRECT ANS:- Scptum The right side of the heart pumps blood with low pressure from the veins into the lungs (pulmonary circulation). CORRECTANS:- Deoxygenated The left side of the hcart pumps blood with high pressure (blood pressure) toward the tissues through arteries (systemic circulations). CORRECT ANS:- Oxygenated ‘The four chambers ofthe heart: CORRECT ANS:- -Right Atria -Left Atria -Right Ventricle -Lefi Ventricle Define Right Atrium CORRECTANS:- Receives deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the body via the superior vena cava which carries blood from the upper body and the inferior veua cava which carries blood from the lower body. Reccives blood from the coronary sinus; the largest vcin that drains the heart muscle's deoxygenated blood. Define Right Ventricle CORRECTANS:- Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium which it pumps to the lungs for oxygenation through the pulmonary trunk and then to the pulmonary arteries. Define The Pulmonary Artcrics CORRECTANS:- Arc the only artericsin the body that carry dcoxygenated blood (bcecausc they are going away from the heart). Define the Left Atrium CORRECT ANS:- Reccives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via the right and left pulmonary veins. Define The Pulmonary Veins CORRECT ANS:- The only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood (because they are going towards the heart). Define Left Ventricle CORRECTANS:- Receives the oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta, the largest artery of the body. ot The Ileart Valves Purpose CORRECT ANS:- Is to prevent back flow of the blood thereby assuring uni-directional flow thru the heart. The Atrioventricular Valves (AV) are located: CORRECTANS:- Between the atria and ventricles. AV Cuspcd Valves Characteristics arc: CORRECTANS:- -Thcey have tough fibrous rings. -Long and strong lcaflcts (cuspids). -They have acccssory organs, such as papillary muscles and chordea tendinac. Define ‘Tricuspid Valve CORRECT ANS:- Is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. As the name connotes, it has three cusps (or Icaflcts). Define Bicuspid Mitral Valve CORRECT ANS:- Is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It has two cusps (or leaflets) and it also called the mitral valve. Define Semilunar Valves CORRECTANS:- They have half-moon shaped leaflets. Semilunar Valves Characteristics CORRECTANS:- -Three Leaflets -Shallow in depth -They have no accessory organs Define Pulmonic Valve CORRECT ANS:- Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk. Define Aortic Valve CORRECT ANS:- Located between the left ventricle and aorta. Define Systole CORRECTANS:- Is the period of contractions of both Arial and Ventricles. Define Diastole CORRECTANS:- Is the period of relaxation and filling of all cardiac chambers. ‘The right and left are the first branches coming out of Aorta and supply the heart with oxygenated blood. The blood runs through there arteries during diastole. Located on the cpicardium. CORRECTANS:- Coronary Arteries The left.coronary artery has two branches: CORRECT ANS:- -Left Anterior Descending (LAD) -Left Circumflex (LCX) ot 
