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NHA CCMA STUDENT STUDY GUIDE, Exams of Nursing

University of Colorado - Colorado Springs (UCCS)Nursing

NHA CCMA STUDENT STUDY GUIDE for exams

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/30/2025

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NHA CCMA STUDENT STUDY GUIDE
- Chief Complaint
Segment
- Line between two wave forms
P-wave
- Atrial Depolarization
How many 1mm boxes are in a 6 second Rythm strip?
- 30 one millimeter boxes
The SA node represents which waveform on the ekg?
- Only the P-wave
What is the reading you can get from the RR interval?
- Ventricular Pulse
What is the primary stage of Hemolisis?
- Vascular phase and platelet phase together
What is Electophoresis?
- Analyzation of the chemical components of blood e.g. hemoglobin, serum, urinem
cerebrospinal fluid based on electrical charge.
Positive testing for occult blood in a stool sample turn which color?
- Turns Blue on a positive test for occult blood in feces.
The stages of Hemostasis:
- 1. Vascular 2. Platelet Phase 3. Coagulation Phase 4. Fibronolysis
Blood Vessels
- Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, veins, superior and inferior vena cavae.
Outer connective tissue layer of a blood vessel
- Tunica adventitia
Inner endothelial tissue layer of a blood vessel
- Tunica Intima
The inner smooth layer of a blood vessel
- Tunica media
The standards of right and wrong in a medical setting
- Code of Ethics
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NHA CCMA STUDENT STUDY GUIDE

  • Chief Complaint Segment
  • Line between two wave forms P-wave
  • Atrial Depolarization How many 1mm boxes are in a 6 second Rythm strip?
  • 30 one millimeter boxes The SA node represents which waveform on the ekg?
  • Only the P-wave What is the reading you can get from the RR interval?
  • Ventricular Pulse What is the primary stage of Hemolisis?
  • Vascular phase and platelet phase together What is Electophoresis?
  • Analyzation of the chemical components of blood e.g. hemoglobin, serum, urinem cerebrospinal fluid based on electrical charge. Positive testing for occult blood in a stool sample turn which color?
  • Turns Blue on a positive test for occult blood in feces. The stages of Hemostasis:
    1. Vascular 2. Platelet Phase 3. Coagulation Phase 4. Fibronolysis Blood Vessels
  • Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, veins, superior and inferior vena cavae. Outer connective tissue layer of a blood vessel
  • Tunica adventitia Inner endothelial tissue layer of a blood vessel
  • Tunica Intima The inner smooth layer of a blood vessel
  • Tunica media The standards of right and wrong in a medical setting
  • Code of Ethics

What do you find in capillaries?

  • A mixture of venous and arterial blood is found The average adult has how many liters of blood?
  • 5 - 6 liters What is the percentage of water in blood?
  • 92% Percentage of plasma in blood
  • 55% Percentage of Formed Elements in the blood
  • 45% 99% of formed elements in blood
  • RBC's or Erythrocytes Where you find Hemoglobin
  • RBC's Where do all blood cells originate?
  • Bone Marrow How many RBC's per microliter of blood
  • 4.2-6.2 million What is the second most numerous WBC?
  • Lymphocyte with 20-40% Their numbers increase in intracellular infections and TB
  • Monocytes Their numbers increase in bacterial infections and often are first on scene
  • Neutrophils These WBC's play an important role in viral infection as well as in immunity.
  • Lymphocytes Number of leukocytes for average adult per micrometer
  • 5000 - 10000 Leukopenia
  • Decrease in WBC's seen with viral infection and leukemia

Analytical errors during collection of blood

  • extended tourniquet time, hemolysis, wrong order of draw, failure to invert tubes, faulty technique under filling tubes Analytical errors before collection of blood
  • Patient misidentification, improper time, wrong tube, not fasting, exercise (cortisol levels), PT posture, poor coordination with other treatments, improper side prep, medication interference Analytical errors after blood collection
  • Failure to separate serum from cell (glycolisis), improper use of serum separator (not inverting tubes or not spinning tubes) delays in processing, exposure to light, improper storage conditions, dimming clots Fistula
  • Permanent surgical connection between an artery and a vein, never used for venipuncture Edima
  • Accumulation of fluid in tissue Thrombophlebitis
  • Inflammation of a vein with a clot formation Explanation of Hemoconcentration
  • The increase in proportion of formed elements to plasma caused by leaving on the tourniquet for more than two minutes Consequence of insufficient pressure applied after withdrawal of needle
  • Thrombus additives in green top tube
  • heparin, sodium, litium, ammonium Why is the green top tube never used for hematology
  • Green tops additive heparin interferes with the Wright's stained blood test Common tests for the lifht blue sodium citrate tube
  • Coagulation studies, PT (extrinsic, warfarin) APTT, PTT (intrinsic, heparin) TT, BT, FDP Common tests for the lavendar edta tube
  • CBC, differential or diff., ESR, sickle cell screening Common tests for this color tube are chemistry tests performed on plasuma such as Ammonia, carboxyhemoglobin and STAT electrolytes
  • Green top tube (heparin) Tests How long does it take for blood to clot by normal coagulation process in the red top tube?
  • 30 - 60 mins The primary purpose is to provide reliable data about a patients health status by ensuring the accuracy of a test while detecting and eliminating error
  • What is quality control Common test for the red topped tube
  • Serum chemistry tests, serology tests, blood bank (glass only) Order of draw for cappilary specimens
  • lavender first, then tubes with other additives, then tubes with out additives Antiseptic not used on a dermal puncture site
  • Betadine (because it interferes with several tests like bilirubin, uric acid, phosphorus and potassium For which procedure would you warm the site for a minimum of 3-4 minutes to increase blood flow?
  • dermal punctures (heel sticks) Which are the preferred sites for dermal punctures
  • the distal segment of the third or fourth finger of the non-dominant hand heel sticks are performed on which patients?
  • infants less than 1 year old Where on the foot is the dermal puncture made on patients less than a year old
  • the medial and lateral areas of the plantar surface of the foot dermal puncture is made in
  • the fleshy portion of the finger slightly to the side of the center perpendicular to the lines of the fingerprints What will occur if you puncture the heel too deep? more than 2 mm
  • osteomyalitis What are the identification requirements for blood bank
  • Pt's full name and DOB, hospital id # or ssn for outpatient, date and time of collection as well as the phlebotomist's initials This section of the lab uses serum to analyze the presence
  • Serology (immunology) Section

Urine Screening for UCG or HCG

  • Pregnancy Test HIPPA is for?
  • Patient Confidentiality The four elements of Negligence
  • Duty, duty of care, derelict= breach of duty of care, direct cause, damage Tort
  • Wrongful act that results in injury to one person to another Examples of Tort
  • Battery, invasion of privacy, defamation of character Defamation of character by written statement is considered
  • libel Consists of injury to another person's reputation , name or character through spoken (slander) or written (libel)
  • Defamation of character unpriveleged touching
  • Battery The release of medical records with out the patient's knowledge or permission
  • Invasion of privacy Good Samaritan Law
  • Rendering first aid within the scope of knowledge by a health care worker with out fear of being sued for negligence Hypothalamus
  • regulates and maintains body temperature Functions necessary for life
  • heart function, blood pressure, respiration, temperature Rectal Temperature range in celsius
  • 37.0 - 38.1 C Oral temperature range in Fahrenheit
  • 97.6-99.6 F Axillary temperature range in celsius

- 35.9-37.0C

Tympanic temperature range in F and C

  • 98.6 F and 37C Intermittent fever
  • Fluctuating fever that returns to or below the baseline then rises again Remittent Fever
  • Fluctuating, remains elevated and does not return to baseline Continuous Fever
  • remains constant above baseline, does not flucuate Rectal temperature is not taken from the following patients
  • Patients with heart disease WHen taking axillary temerature how long should it be taken
  • 5 - 10 mins or as required by office policy Pulse is taken where and how long
  • radial for 30sec x2, if tachy or brady take it 1 minute Explain blood pressure
  • measurement of amount of force blood excertes on peripheral artery walls BP cuffs too short and narrow can give false reading of what?
  • Hypertension Taking BP hearing two consecutive beats gives which reading
  • Systolic Patient laying on back with knees flexed, soles of feet on bed
  • Dorsal recumbant This position is used to promote drainage or ease of breathing
  • Fowler's This position is used for examination of the pelvic organs
  • Dorsal Lithotomy Prone position is used for
  • used to examine back and spine patient lays on his/her stomach with head turned to one side for comfort
  • prone position
  • Autoclave Used for instruments that easily corrode
  • dry heat sterilization What is the most important means of preventing the spread of infections?
  • Handwashing PPE includes?
  • mask, goggles, face shields, respirator What defines standard precautions?
  • All patients are presumed to be infective for blood borne pathogens This is an infection control method designed to prevent direct contact with blood or other body fluids
  • Standard precautions This replaces universal precautions and body substance isolation
  • Standard precautions Don gloves, face shields if danger of splashing, dispose of all needles with out recappiong into the sharps container
  • Standard Precautions This is the second tier of precautions used when patient is contagious
  • Transmission based precautions Define contact precautions
  • Reducing the risk of transmission of microorganisms direct or indirect Special air handling and ventilation are required to prevent
  • Airborne diseases under Airborne Precautions This is an emerging and important problem in the health care field
  • Latex Sensitivity Every health care worker with this latex allergy should wear this
  • Medical alert bracelet po
  • Per oral pr
  • Per rectum/suppository

sl

  • sublingual under tongue IM
  • Intramuscular SQ
  • Subcutaneous qd
  • every day bid
  • twice a day tid
  • three times a day qid
  • four times a day pc
  • post consumption/ after a meal qhs
  • each night or at bed time prn
  • as necessary or when needed sig
  • from the latin, let it be labeled The inner most layer of the heart
  • endocardium a muscular hollow organ located in thoracic cavity between lungs
  • the heart actually the inner visceral layer of the pericardium
  • Epicardium the sac containing the heart
  • pericardium serous fluid
  • both, the atria and the ventricles by increasing heart rate conduction and irritability The pns or parasympathetic nervous system affects
  • atria only by decreasing heart rate, conduction and irritability Automaticity
  • ability of the cardiac cells to initiate own electrical impulses without outside stimulation Excitability or irritability
  • ability of cardiac cells to respond to external stimulus Contractility
  • ability of cardiac cells to shorten (muscle contraction) in response to electrical stimulus Digitalis, dopamine, epinephrine
  • Drugs that increase the contractility of the heart Results in myocardial relaxation
  • repolarization Consists of anterior, middle and posterior divisions that distribute electrical impulses by SA to AV node
  • Internodal pathway This fires at 20-40 bpm
  • Purkinje fibers limb leads consist of
  • 3 bipolar and 3 augmented leads These record electrical potentials in the frontal plane
  • Lead I, Lead II, Lead III and the chest leads On Lead III, which is the positive lead
  • the left leg is positive Which limb is always the ground
  • right leg Waveform
  • movement away from the isoelectric line either positive or negative Interval
  • waveform plus a segment Complex
  • Several waveforms The normal P wave in standard and precordial leads does not exceed
  • 0.11s in duration or 2.5 mm in height The vertical axis on the ekg paper measures
  • Amplitude or voltage J (RST) junction
  • point at which QRS complex ends and the ST segment begins ST segment
  • from J point to the onset of the T wave Normal indication for a stress test
  • Evaluation of a patient withchest pain and a normal ekg, arrythmia, monitoring a pt, with a recent MI The percentage of the target heart rate during a stress test that makes it valid
  • 85% Hematocrite is made up of
  • hemoglobin x 3 Define hematocrit
  • The percentage by colume of packed red blood cells in a given sample of blood after centrifugation Opposite of anemia
  • polycythemia When taking a pharmacologic stress test, it is concluded when
  • 85% of the target rate is achieved Drugs used for a pharmacologic stress test
  • adeosine, dipyridamole, dobutamine Ectopic Rythms
  • electrical impulses originating from somewhere else but the SA node Pre-excitation Syndrome
  • Electrical impulses of the heart bypass the normal pathway and instead go down an accessory shortcut Conduction Block
  • electrical impulses go down but encounter blocks and delays
  • patient ID With the bevel upward insert the needle at which angle?
  • 15 - 30 degrees Prandial
  • Fasting What is important to do first after dermal puncture?
  • Wipe away the first drop Timed specimens
  • Hormone levels, blood levels of medications, monitor PT condition E.G. Hemoglobin level *internal bleeding ) While administering a OGTT it is important to take what with each sample
  • Urine Sample When are OGTT scheduled to begin?
  • 0700 - 0900 7-9am The two hour postprandial test is used for?
  • evaluation of diabetes mellitus The OGTT test is used for?
  • Diagnosing diabetis mellitius and evaluating patients with frequent low blood sugar The 3 hour OGTT is used to test for
  • To test for hyperglycemia The 5 hour OGTT is used for
  • To test for hypoglycemia, for disorders of carbohydrate metaolism PKU
  • Tests for babies and to detect phenylketouria, a genetic disease that causes mental retardation and brain damage Cold Agglutinins
  • Antibodies produced in response to atypical pneumonia must be kept at 37c ABG, AMMONIA, lactic acid, pyruvate, parathyroid test handling
  • Chilled in crushed ice and water mixture Billi
  • Bile

Which blood tests can NOT be done using dermal puncture

  • ESR, BC You have the right to caring staff who believe your reports of pain
  • Example of the patient bill of rights for pain management Method of taking pulse used on children and patient with irregular heartbeat
  • Apical pulse Orthopenia
  • Difficulty breathing when laying flat Define Cheyne- Stokes
  • Regular pattern of irregular breathing rate Medical Assistant role in the physical examination
  • Room prep, patient prep, assisting the doctor Hazards
  • Physical, chemical , biological This technique is not permitted in the lab
  • Never draw a pipette by mouth Expresionless face and staring eyes are indications of
  • Shock Agents are
  • Any infective microorganisms, viruses,fungi, bacteria, and parasites Define common vehicle
  • Water, food, drinking from the same glass, kissing What fires at 40-60 bpm
  • AV junction, bundle of HIS Which are unipolar leads?
  • aVR, aVL, aVF Whhich test is used to evaluate primary hemostasis
  • Bleeding time test How long is the lifespan of a platelet?
  • 9 - 12 days When the vaccutainer method can not be used you would use