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NGR 5149 (ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY) LATEST
MIDTERM EXAM 2024/LATEST UPDATED WITH 100%
CORRECT & VERIFIED ANSWERS/A+
GRADE/RASMUSSEN COLLEGE
Question 1
The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells?
Selected Answer: Platelets
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process?
Selected
Answer:
Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring.
Question 3
What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Arterial^ stiffening
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle?
Selected Answer: Dominance
Question 5
When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis?
0 out of 1 points
Selected
Answer:
The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning?
Selected Answer: Increased^ rate^ of^ falling^ and dizzy^ spells
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
Selected Answer: Bounding pulse^ felt^ on^ palpation
What are tumor cell markers?
Selected Answer: Hormones,^ enzymes,^ antigens,^ and^ antibodies that^ are^ produced^ by^ cancer^ cells
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack?
Selected Answer: Bacteria
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin?
Selected Answer: Somatostatin
Question 11 What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Hypoxic^ injury
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material?
Selected Answer: Accumulation^ of^ short-chain fatty^ acids are^ a^ source^ of^ increased ammonia.
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because of what reason?
Selected Answer: It^ depolarizes^ more^ rapidly^ than^ other automatic^ cells of^ the^ heart.
Question 20 What is one function of the tumor cell marker?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: To^ screen^ individuals at^ high^ risk^ for^ cancer
Question 21
1 out of 1 points
When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA?
Selected Answer: Kussmaul respirations
Question 22 Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Increased^ retention^ of^ water
Question 23
0 out of 1 points
The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate?
Selected Answer: Serum^ blood^ urea^ nitrogen^ and^ creatinine
Question 24 What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Low^ alveolar partial^ pressure^ of^ arterial^ oxygen^ (PaO^2 )
Question 25
0 out of 1 points
In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney?
Selected Answer: Woman^ who^ have^ smoked for more^ than^ 10 years
Question 26
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority?
Selected Answer: Deep^ venous^ thrombosis
Question 27 What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of intellectual disability?
0 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Down^ syndrome
Question 28
1 out of 1 points
A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. The healthcare professional assesses the person for which of these?
Selected Answer: Use^ of^ glucocorticoids
Question 29 What is the cause of functional dysphagia?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Neural or muscular disorders
Question 30
1 out of 1 points
What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine?
Selected Answer: Salivation^ decreases.
Question 31 Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Secondary
Question 32
0 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional wants to determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for the professional to consider?
Question 39
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for hyperkalemia?
Selected Answer: Renal^ failure
Question 40 What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Metabolizing^ bile^ salts,^ estrogens,^ and^ lipids
Question 41
0 out of 1 points
A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K +) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na +) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency?
Selected
Answer:
Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis. Question 42
0 out of 1 points
A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best?
Selected Answer: Decreased^ hormonal secretion^ is a^ response^ to^ rising^ hormone^ levels.
Question 43
0 out of 1 points
A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding?
Selected Answer: Ca^ ++:^ 12.9^ mg/dL
Question 44
1 out of 1 points
A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best?
Selected Answer: To^ measure^ the^ volume^ and^ flow^ rate^ during forced^ expiration
Question 45
1 out of 1 points
Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen?
Selected Answer: Foreignness
Question 46 Which renal change is found in older adults?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Decrease^ in^ the^ number^ of^ nephrons
Question 47
0 out of 1 points
If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner?
Selected Answer: Show dramatic fluctuation, allowing the O 2 concentration to increase
Question 48 Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Glycolysis
Question 49
1 out of 1 points
A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should the healthcare professional monitor the patient for?
Selected Answer: Hemosiderosis
Question 50
0 out of 1 points
The student asks the professor to explain what characteristic is demonstrated by lungs with decreased compliance?
Selected Answer: Inability^ to^ diffuse^ oxygen
Question 51 What is one function of the tumor cell marker?
1 out of 1 points
Question 58 A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis?
0 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Autoimmune^ process^ with^ IgG^ attacking^ pancreatic^ acinar^ cells
Question 59
1 out of 1 points
A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by the professor is best?
Selected Answer: Binds^ to hemoglobin^ so^ that^ it^ cannot^ carry^ oxygen
Question 60
0 out of 1 points
The healthcare professional working with older adults teaches general infection-prevention measures as a priority for this age group due to which change in lymphocyte function?
Selected Answer: Decreased^ number^ of^ circulating^ T^ cells
Question 61
0 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for?
Selected Answer: Mitral regurgitation
Question 62 Why is leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injuries significant?
1 out of 1 points
Selected
Answer:
Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis. Question 63
0 out of 1 points
A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is specific to this disorder?
Selected Answer: More^ frequent^ blood^ glucose^ monitoring
Question 64
0 out of 1 points
A student asks the professor to explain what effect natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates. Which response by the professor is best?
Selected Answer: Inhibits^ antidiuretic^ hormones
Question 65
0 out of 1 points
Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?
Selected Answer: Passive-acquired immunity
Question 66
1 out of 1 points
A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior?
Selected Answer: Phosphate^ 1.9^ mg/dL
Question 67
1 out of 1 points
A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the papillary muscles. What response by the professional is best?
Selected Answer: These^ muscles^ prevent^ backward^ expulsion^ of^ the^ atrioventricular^ valves.
Question 68
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is assessing a child whose parents report poor grades in school, trouble paying attention, and naughty behaviors that have become so frequent the child is always in trouble. For which health condition should the professional facilitate testing?
Selected Answer: Lead^ poisoning
Question 69 The pathophysiologic process of edema is related to which mechanism?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Lymphatic^ obstruction
Question 70
0 out of 1 points
During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax?
What is apoptosis?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive
Question 78 Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Cardiovascular^ diseases such as^ hypertension^ and^ ischemic^ heart^ disease
Question 79
1 out of 1 points
An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident?
Selected Answer: Alpha^ fetoprotein
Question 80
1 out of 1 points
A patient had a thyroidectomy and now reports tingling around the mouth and has a positive Chvostek sign. What laboratory finding would be most helpful to the healthcare professional?
Selected Answer: Serum calcium
Question 81
0 out of 1 points
A patient's chart indicates Kussmaul respirations. The student asks the healthcare professional what this is caused by. What response by the professional is most accurate?
Selected Answer: Diabetic^ ketoacidosis^ is^ leading^ to^ metabolic^ acidosis.
Question 82
1 out of 1 points
A pregnant woman has Graves disease. What test/s does the healthcare professional advise the woman about?
Selected Answer: Blood^ test^ for^ hyperthyroidism
Question 83
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome. What findings does the professional relate to this condition?
Selected Answer: An^ IQ^ of^25 to 70,^ low^ nasal bridge,^ protruding tongue,^ and^ flat,^ low-set^ ears
Question 84 Where is two thirds of the body's water found?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Intracellular fluid compartments
Question 85
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of beer a week. What testing does the professional encourage the person to get?
Selected Answer: Hepatic^ function
Question 86
1 out of 1 points
After a partial gastrectomy, gastric bypass, or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism?
Selected Answer: Rapid^ gastric^ emptying
Question 87
0 out of 1 points
A patient has portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly. Which lab value would the healthcare professional associate with this condition?
Selected Answer: Low^ white^ blood^ cell^ count
Question 88 Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Pulmonary^ veins
Question 89
0 out of 1 points
A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by the professor is best?
Selected Answer: It^ suppresses^ the^ action^ of^ the^ tumor-suppressor^ genes.
Question 90
What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood?
Selected Answer: Increased^ pressure^ in^ the^ ventricles^ pushes^ the^ valves to^ close.
Question 97
1 out of 1 points
A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The professors' response would be that Type 2 is best described as what?
Selected Answer: Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues
Question 98
1 out of 1 points
What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
Selected Answer: Proteins
Question 99
1 out of 1 points
What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation?
Selected Answer: Muscle^ layer of^ the^ arterioles
Question 100
0 out of 1 points
A patient has been admitted for a possible small intestinal obstruction. What is the first sign the healthcare professional assesses for that would indicate the presence of this condition?
Selected Answer: Vomiting
Question 101
0 out of 0 points
When completing this exam, did you comply with Walden University's Code of Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity?
Selected Answer: Yes
