Physics: Understanding Neutrino Oscillation Parameters and the Role of PX435, Study notes of Engineering Physics

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Current state of knowledge

The Future and Beyond

To the Future and Beyond!

The next 20 years Measurement Method Experiments Why? When Is it maximal? 2009 Equal to 0? Can't 2012 Reactor 2012 T2KK, neutrino Unification, GUT 2025? Factory, ??? Lepton asymmetry

23

 Disapp. T2K, NovA  13

e Appear. T2K, NovA measure  CP if it is Anti- e Disapp. Sgn(m 23 2 )  e / anti- e  CP

CP violation? Measuring  CP is the ultimate goal of neutrino oscillation experiments. How? P    e ≠ P     e Look for  Prob      =   − (^4) ∑ i  j ℜ U  i

U  i U  j U  j

 sin 2  m ij 2 L 4 E   (^2) ∑ i  j ℑ U  i

U  i U  j U  j

 sin m ij 2 L 2 E  = 0 if  CP violation can only take place in appearance experiments

13 determines the next 15-30 years or so of the field

How large is it? sin 2 ( 2 θ 13 )=0.063±0. Real or accidental? Need more data... Fogli et al - arXiv:0809.

CHOOZ sin 2 ( 2 θ 13 )<0.16 @ 90 % CL Limitations: Large radioactive background Limited statistics Stability of detector Reactor was not always on

Improving CHOOZ Statistical Error Systematic Error 2.8% 0.5%

CHOOZ

DoubleCHOOZ 5 m 3 to 10 m 3 detector Longer running time Near and Far detector helps eliminate some systematics errors Improved design with lower threshold Lower background

Sensitivity sin 2 ( 2 θ 13 )≤0. sin 2 ( 2 θ 13 )≤0. Discovery @ 3 if sin 2 (2 13

Sensitivity Far detector has been running since September 2010 Expect first appearance result at the summer conference round

How do we get to  13 ? P 

e =sin 2 2  13 sin 2  23 sin 2 1.27 m 23

2 L

E



e oscillations with atmospheric L/E

P

e

x

=sin

2

13

 sin

2

1.27 m

23

2 L

E

e

x disappearance oscillations with atmospheric L/E  e

x disappearance oscillations with atmospheric L/E P e

x

C^  P P e

x

Next Generation T2K NOvA Site Beam <E 

Distance Far Det mass Tokai,Japan JPARC 0.7 GeV 295 km Super-K 22.5 kton USA NuMI 2.2 GeV 812 km to be built 30.0 kton Long enough for matter effects

Who we are...

PX435 –  Physics First Off-axis Neutrino Beam Proton Beam Target ,K Decay pipe

• • π,K

Magnetic Focusing Near Far  E  = 0.43 E  1  2  2 Energy tuned to oscillation max.