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Detailed information about the meninges, the protective tissue layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It covers the functions, structures, and divisions of the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. Additionally, it discusses the dural venous sinuses, dural innervation, and blood supply to the cranial dura mater.
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connective tissue membranes surrounding brain and spinal cordserve a protective function TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 dura materarachnoid mater subarachnoid space = CSF pia mater TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 outermost layer and thickest + toughest layer TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 periosteal layermeningeal layer TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 adherent to the bony walls of the cranium
forms "reflections" (septa, infoldings) that conform more closely to the brain and divide the cranial cavity into compartmentsprovides support and determines how the brain is displaced with increased in intracranial pressure ex. with hemorrhage TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 tentorium cerebellifalx cerebri TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 primary foldlies between cerebrum and cerebellum in the transverse fissureseparates the cranial cavity into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 primary foldlies within the longitudinal cerebral fissure in the posterior cranial fossa between the cerebellar hemispheresdivides the supratentorial compartment in two TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 forms the room of the hypophyseal fossa and surrounds the pituitary stalk
at attachment of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli drains into left transverse sinusfrom deep brain structures TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 attached margin of falx cerebelli TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 formed by the junction of the straight sinus, superior sagittal sinus and both transverse sinuses TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 the dura mater is innervated by nociceptive afferents that enter the CNS via branches of the trigeminal nerve (supratentorial) or upper cervical nerves (infratentorial) TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 irritation due to infection, hemorrhage involving the dura of the supratentoral compartment tends to refer pain to the facedural irritation in the infratentorial compartment (posterior fossa) refers pain to the back of the head and neck
middle meningeal artery, branch of maxillary arteryenters the cranium and travels between the periosteal dura and bony skill.Examination of the inner surface of the skull often reveal impression left from these vessels TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 fracture of the skill particularly at the pterion.in this case, the dura is stripped away from the inner table of the skill with the formation of an epidural hemtoma.potentially fatal and requires immediate medical attention TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 more delicate intermediate layeravascularloosely adherent to the inner border cells of the dura TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 outer barrier cell layer that separates the external chemical environment from the cerebrospinal fluid located in the subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater)arachnoiid trabeculae, which are fibroblasts that travel through the subarachnoid space to join the pia below, which help to suspend the brain within the cranium. Looks like spider web. TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 inflammation of the meninges with infection often spreading through the subarachnoid space with CSFcomposition of CSF altered due to infection process: increased WBC and protein with altered glucose concentration
superficial cerebral veins are susceptible to tearing where they enter the dural sinuses (here called "bridging veins")blood slowly collect in the potential space between the dura and the arachnoid mater forming hematomamay occur with head trauma and ranges from acute to chronicelderly more susceptible due to normal brain atrophy TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 contains the brain, meningeal coverings, CSF, cerebral vasculature and the intracranial portion of the cranial nerves TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 anterior cranial fossamiddle cranial fossaposterior cranial fossaeach of the areas contains foramina and has unique relationships to the brain TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 frontalethmoidsphenoid TERM 35
DEFINITION 35 forms the bulk of the fossa, including its anterior wall.upwardly convex orbital plate plays a dual role as contributor to the anterior cranial fossa as well as the roof of the orbit
perforated cribiform plate of the ethmoid bonelocated centrallyits crista galli, a midline bony ridge, provides a point of attachmnet for the falx cerebri TERM 37
DEFINITION 37 the lesser wing of the spenoid and sphenoid limbus (body of the sphenoid) TERM 38
DEFINITION 38 bounded posteriorly by the prechiasmatic groove which is variably described as part of either the anterior or middle cranial fossa TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 the anterior clinoid processforms an attachment point for the free edge of the tentorium cerebelli TERM 40
DEFINITION 40 the frontal lobes of the brainthe ridges and furrows of the orbital plate of the frontal bone conform to the convulutions of the frontal lobes
lies on either side of the sella turcica and marks the path of the internal carotid artery through the cavernous sinus TERM 47
DEFINITION 47 accomodates the trigeminal ganglionlocated behind the foramen lacerum near the apex of the petrous temporal bone TERM 48
DEFINITION 48 thin osseous plate that serves the dual purpose of forming the anterior surface of the petrous temporal bone within the cranial cavity and the roof of the tympanic cavity and mastoid antrum TERM 49
DEFINITION 49 temporal lobes of the brain TERM 50
DEFINITION 50 reflection of the meningeal dura that attaches the anterior and posterior clinoid processes of the sella turcica and in combination with the bony hypophyseal fossa encapsulates the pituitary glandcentral opening allows for the passage of the stalk of the pituitary gland.
sphenoidoccipitaltemporal TERM 52
DEFINITION 52 deepanterior border formed by the superior borders of the petrous temporal bones and the dorsum sellaethe groove for the transverse sinus and the midline internal occipital protuberance form its posterior border TERM 53
DEFINITION 53 descends from the internal occipital protuberance to divide the cereballar fossa in the midline.provides an attachment site for falx cerebelli TERM 54
DEFINITION 54 large opening located centrally in the floor of the posterior cranial fossa TERM 55
DEFINITION 55 provides passage for accessory nerve (CN 11),anterior and posterior spinal arteriesvertebral arteriessite of the junction between the spinal cord and medulla oblongata
headachevomitingdrowsinesscranial nerve signscan progress to coma and death TERM 62
DEFINITION 62 tumorshemorrhagedisruption of CSF circulation TERM 63
DEFINITION 63 the optic nerve is surrounded by extensions of the meninges (dura, arachnoid, pia) including the subarachnoid spacethus increases in intracranial CSF pressure may slow venous return and interfere with neuronal axoplasmis transport resulting in papilledema (swelling of optic disc) TERM 64
DEFINITION 64 exits the midbrain and travels anteriorly to enter the anterior edge of the tentorium cerebelli TERM 65
DEFINITION 65 exits the brainstem in the posterior cranial fossa and travels upward to enter the dural covering of the clivusit travels over the superior edge of the petrous temporal bone entering the middle cranial fossa
susceptible to injury with increased intracranial pressure as they are stretched over these inflexible barriers
