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Neuroscience Core Concepts - Introduction to Human Physiology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Human Physiology

Its the important key points of lecture slides of Introduction to Human Physiology are : Neuroscience Core Concepts, Fundamental Principles, Brain and Nervous System, Complex Living Structure, Responds to Body Functions, Directs Behavior, Neuron Communicates, Immune Systems

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 01/05/2013

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Neuroscience Core Concepts
offer fundamental principles
that one should know about
the brain and nervous
system, the most complex
living structure knowing in
the universe.
What Are
Neuroscience Core Concepts?
Docsity.com
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Download Neuroscience Core Concepts - Introduction to Human Physiology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Human Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!

Neuroscience Core Concepts

offer fundamental principles

that one should know about

the brain and nervous

system, the most complex

living structure knowing in

the universe.

What Are

Neuroscience Core Concepts?

A practical resource about:

• How your brain works and how it

is formed.

• How it guides you through the

changes in life.

• Why it is important to increase

understanding of the brain.

What Are

Neuroscience Core Concepts?

Each essential principle is supported by

fundamental concepts comparable to

those underlying the U.S. National Science

Education Standards (NSES).

Consult the Overview Matrix at

www.sfn.org/coreconcepts to integrate

Neuroscience Core Concepts into your

curriculum.

What Are

Neuroscience Core Concepts?

a. Sensory stimuli are converted into electrical signals.

b. Action potentials are electrical signals carried along neurons.

c. Synapses are chemical or electrical junctions that allow electrical signals to pass from neurons to other cells.

d. Electrical signals in muscles cause contraction and movement.

e. Changes in the amount of activity at a synapse can enhance or reduce its function.

f. Communication between neurons is strengthened or weakened by an individual’s activities, such as exercise, stress, and drug use.

g. All perceptions, thoughts, and behaviors result from combinations of signals among neurons.

2. Neurons communicate using both

electrical and chemical signals.

The Nervous System Controls and Responds to Body Functions and Directs Behavior

Nervous System Structure and Function Are Determined by Both Genes and Environment Throughout Life

3. Genetically determined circuits are the

foundation of the nervous system.

a. Neuronal circuits are formed by genetic programs during embryonic development and modified through interactions with the internal and external environment.

b. Sensory circuits (sight, touch, hearing, smell, taste) bring information to the nervous system, whereas motor circuits send information to muscles and glands.

c. The simplest circuit is a reflex, in which a sensory stimulus directly triggers an immediate motor response.

d. Complex responses occur when the brain integrates information from many brain circuits to generate a response.

e. Simple and complex interactions among neurons take place on time scales ranging from milliseconds to months.

f. The brain is organized to recognize sensations, initiate behaviors, and store and access memories that can last a lifetime.

The Brain is the Foundation of the Mind

5. Intelligence arises as the brain reasons,

plans, and solves problems.

a. The brain makes sense of the world by using all available information, including senses, emotions, instincts and remembered experiences.

b. Emotions are based on value judgments made by our brains and are manifested by feelings as basic as love and anger and as complex as empathy and hate.

c. The brain learns from experiences and makes predictions about best actions in response to present and future challenges.

d. Consciousness depends on normal activity of the brain.

6. The brain makes it possible to

communicate knowledge through

language.

a. Languages are acquired early in development and facilitate information exchange and creative thought.

b. Communication can create and solve many of the most pressing problems humankind faces.

The Brain is the Foundation of the Mind

8. Fundamental discoveries promote

healthy living and treatment of disease.

a. Experiments on animals play a central role in providing insights about the human brain and in helping to make healthy lifestyle choices, prevent diseases, and find cures for disorders.

b. Research on humans is an essential final step before new treatments are introduced to prevent or cure disorders.

c. Neuroscience research has formed the basis for significant progress in treating a large number of disorders.

d. Finding cures for disorders of the nervous system is a social imperative.

Research Leads To Understanding that Is Essential for Development of Therapies for Nervous System Disorders

The concepts were developed with

leadership from the Public Education

and Communication Committee of the

Society for Neuroscience.

In January 2007, more than a year of

development began, including

extensive consultation, review, and

refinement by hundreds of

neuroscientists and educators

nationwide.

This constitutes a living document that

will be updated as new information

becomes available.