Neuroscience Core Concepts
offer fundamental principles
that one should know about
the brain and nervous
system, the most complex
living structure knowing in
the universe.
What Are
Neuroscience Core Concepts?
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Neuroscience Core Concepts - Introduction to Human Physiology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Human Physiology
Its the important key points of lecture slides of Introduction to Human Physiology are : Neuroscience Core Concepts, Fundamental Principles, Brain and Nervous System, Complex Living Structure, Responds to Body Functions, Directs Behavior, Neuron Communicates, Immune Systems
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2012/2013
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Neuroscience Core Concepts
offer fundamental principles
that one should know about
the brain and nervous
system, the most complex
living structure knowing in
the universe.
What Are
Neuroscience Core Concepts?
A practical resource about:
• How your brain works and how it
is formed.
• How it guides you through the
changes in life.
• Why it is important to increase
understanding of the brain.
What Are
Neuroscience Core Concepts?
Each essential principle is supported by
fundamental concepts comparable to
those underlying the U.S. National Science
Education Standards (NSES).
Consult the Overview Matrix at
www.sfn.org/coreconcepts to integrate
Neuroscience Core Concepts into your
curriculum.
What Are
Neuroscience Core Concepts?
a. Sensory stimuli are converted into electrical signals.
b. Action potentials are electrical signals carried along neurons.
c. Synapses are chemical or electrical junctions that allow electrical signals to pass from neurons to other cells.
d. Electrical signals in muscles cause contraction and movement.
e. Changes in the amount of activity at a synapse can enhance or reduce its function.
f. Communication between neurons is strengthened or weakened by an individual’s activities, such as exercise, stress, and drug use.
g. All perceptions, thoughts, and behaviors result from combinations of signals among neurons.
2. Neurons communicate using both
electrical and chemical signals.
The Nervous System Controls and Responds to Body Functions and Directs Behavior
Nervous System Structure and Function Are Determined by Both Genes and Environment Throughout Life
3. Genetically determined circuits are the
foundation of the nervous system.
a. Neuronal circuits are formed by genetic programs during embryonic development and modified through interactions with the internal and external environment.
b. Sensory circuits (sight, touch, hearing, smell, taste) bring information to the nervous system, whereas motor circuits send information to muscles and glands.
c. The simplest circuit is a reflex, in which a sensory stimulus directly triggers an immediate motor response.
d. Complex responses occur when the brain integrates information from many brain circuits to generate a response.
e. Simple and complex interactions among neurons take place on time scales ranging from milliseconds to months.
f. The brain is organized to recognize sensations, initiate behaviors, and store and access memories that can last a lifetime.
The Brain is the Foundation of the Mind
5. Intelligence arises as the brain reasons,
plans, and solves problems.
a. The brain makes sense of the world by using all available information, including senses, emotions, instincts and remembered experiences.
b. Emotions are based on value judgments made by our brains and are manifested by feelings as basic as love and anger and as complex as empathy and hate.
c. The brain learns from experiences and makes predictions about best actions in response to present and future challenges.
d. Consciousness depends on normal activity of the brain.
6. The brain makes it possible to
communicate knowledge through
language.
a. Languages are acquired early in development and facilitate information exchange and creative thought.
b. Communication can create and solve many of the most pressing problems humankind faces.
The Brain is the Foundation of the Mind
8. Fundamental discoveries promote
healthy living and treatment of disease.
a. Experiments on animals play a central role in providing insights about the human brain and in helping to make healthy lifestyle choices, prevent diseases, and find cures for disorders.
b. Research on humans is an essential final step before new treatments are introduced to prevent or cure disorders.
c. Neuroscience research has formed the basis for significant progress in treating a large number of disorders.
d. Finding cures for disorders of the nervous system is a social imperative.
Research Leads To Understanding that Is Essential for Development of Therapies for Nervous System Disorders