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Its the important key points of lecture slides of Introduction to Human Physiology are : Neuroscience Core Concepts, Fundamental Principles, Brain and Nervous System, Complex Living Structure, Responds to Body Functions, Directs Behavior, Neuron Communicates, Immune Systems
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a. Sensory stimuli are converted into electrical signals.
b. Action potentials are electrical signals carried along neurons.
c. Synapses are chemical or electrical junctions that allow electrical signals to pass from neurons to other cells.
d. Electrical signals in muscles cause contraction and movement.
e. Changes in the amount of activity at a synapse can enhance or reduce its function.
f. Communication between neurons is strengthened or weakened by an individual’s activities, such as exercise, stress, and drug use.
g. All perceptions, thoughts, and behaviors result from combinations of signals among neurons.
The Nervous System Controls and Responds to Body Functions and Directs Behavior
Nervous System Structure and Function Are Determined by Both Genes and Environment Throughout Life
a. Neuronal circuits are formed by genetic programs during embryonic development and modified through interactions with the internal and external environment.
b. Sensory circuits (sight, touch, hearing, smell, taste) bring information to the nervous system, whereas motor circuits send information to muscles and glands.
c. The simplest circuit is a reflex, in which a sensory stimulus directly triggers an immediate motor response.
d. Complex responses occur when the brain integrates information from many brain circuits to generate a response.
e. Simple and complex interactions among neurons take place on time scales ranging from milliseconds to months.
f. The brain is organized to recognize sensations, initiate behaviors, and store and access memories that can last a lifetime.
The Brain is the Foundation of the Mind
a. The brain makes sense of the world by using all available information, including senses, emotions, instincts and remembered experiences.
b. Emotions are based on value judgments made by our brains and are manifested by feelings as basic as love and anger and as complex as empathy and hate.
c. The brain learns from experiences and makes predictions about best actions in response to present and future challenges.
d. Consciousness depends on normal activity of the brain.
a. Languages are acquired early in development and facilitate information exchange and creative thought.
b. Communication can create and solve many of the most pressing problems humankind faces.
The Brain is the Foundation of the Mind
a. Experiments on animals play a central role in providing insights about the human brain and in helping to make healthy lifestyle choices, prevent diseases, and find cures for disorders.
b. Research on humans is an essential final step before new treatments are introduced to prevent or cure disorders.
c. Neuroscience research has formed the basis for significant progress in treating a large number of disorders.
d. Finding cures for disorders of the nervous system is a social imperative.
Research Leads To Understanding that Is Essential for Development of Therapies for Nervous System Disorders