Networking Basics-Computer Fundamentals-Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Fundamentals

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This lesson includes the following sections:

The Uses of a Network

How Networks are Structured

Network Topologies for LANs

Network Media and Hardware

Network Software

Simultaneous Access

Shared Peripheral Devices

Personal Communication

Easier Backup

A network connects computers so they can communicate,exchange information, and share resources.The main benefits of using a network are:

The Uses of a Network

Read/writeRead/writeRead/writeRead/writeRead/write

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Because peripheral (external) devices like printerscan be expensive, it is cost-effective to connect a

device to a network so users can share it.

Through a process called spooling, users can sendmultiple documents (called print jobs) to anetworked printer at the same time. The documentsare temporarily stored on the server and printed inturn.

The Uses of a Network

Shared Peripheral Devices

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Networks enable managers to easily back up (makebackup copies of) important data.

Administrators commonly back up shared data filesstored on the server, but may also use the network toback up files on users' PCs.

The Uses of a Network - Easier Backup

A LAN is a network whose computers are locatedrelatively near one another. The nodes may beconnected by a cable, infrared link, or smalltransmitters.

A network transmits data among computers bybreaking it into small pieces, called packets.

Every LAN uses a protocol – a set of rules thatgoverns how packets are configured andtransmitted.

How Networks are Structured –Local Area Networks (LANs)

LAN 1

WAN

LAN 2

Type Aheader

Payload

Type Aheader

Payload

Type Aheader

Payload

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geographical

distance

ROUTER

ROUTER

SERVER

SERVER

In addition to the individual users' PCs (nodes),many networks use a central computer, called aserver.

A server has a large hard disk for shared storage. Itmay provide other services to the nodes, as well.

In a file server network, nodes can access files on theserver, but not necessarily on other nodes.

How Networks are Structured –Server-Based Networks

In client/server computing, individual nodes share the

processing and storage workload with the server.

Client/server networks require specialized softwarethat enables nodes and the server to collaborate onprocessing and storage, but no special type of networkhardware.

How Networks are Structured –Client/Server Networks

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Bus. Each node is connected in series along asingle conduit.

Star. All nodes are connected to a central hub.

Ring. Nodes are connected in a circular chain,with the conduit beginning and ending at thesame computer.

Mesh. Each node has a separate connection toevery other node.

Network Topologies for LANsA network's topology is the layout of the cables anddevices that connect the nodes. The four most commonnetwork topologies are:

In a network, the media are the wires, cables and othermeans by which data travels from its source to itsdestination.

The most common network media are twisted-paircable, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, and wirelesslinks.

Each node uses a special device, called a networkinterface card (NIC). The card connects to the networkmedia and controls the flow of data.

NICs must use a common network technology tocommunicate. The most popular network technologiesfor LANs are Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Token Ring.

Network Media and Hardware