Download NERC Exam 2025: Operating Reserves, Control Areas, and System Security and more Exams Operating Systems in PDF only on Docsity!
NERC EXAM 2025/ACTUAL 130+Qs&As|LATEST
UPDATE|A+ GRADE
Operating reserve may be provided by which of the following? A. LTCs B. Capacitor banks C. Voltage regulators D. Interruptible loads - ANS: ✔✔ D. Interruptible loads Which of the following is the responsibility of a reserve sharing group (RSG)? A. Complying with DCS as if it was a single control area B. Proving regulation service for neighboring RSGs C. Ensuring each control area in the group maintains 50% blackstart capability D. Complying with the control performance standards as if it was a single control area
- ANS: ✔✔ A. Complying with DCS as if it was a single control area Generation is not sufficient to meet load, the control area is importing heavily, and voltage is decaying, which of the following actions should be taken by the operator? A. Shed load B. Correct schedule deviation C. Use the Interconnection Hotline D. Schedule interchange transaction - ANS: ✔✔ A. Shed load What measures power flow data between control areas? A. OASIS
B.
Interchange C. Transaction s D. Tie-Line metering - ANS: ✔✔ D. Tie-Line metering Transmission line removal as a voltage control can be used if: A. Loop flow remains high B. Reactive equipment is available C. Reliability stays at acceptable levels D. Synchronous condensers are off the line
- ANS: ✔✔ C. Reliability stays at acceptable levels Control Area A is generating and sending Control Area B a schedule. Both control areas should verify all of the following EXCEPT: A. Magnitude (MW) B. Ramp rate C. Price D. Start/stop times - ANS: ✔✔ C. Price The AGC control mode that is normally used for system operation is: A. Flat Tie Mode B. Flat Frequency Mode C. Frequency Bias Mode D. Tie Line Bias Mode - ANS: ✔✔ D. Tie Line Bias Mode
D. Rate of frequency decay
- ANS: ✔✔ A. Manual Between sending, receiving, and intermediary control areas, what is the minimum information pertaining to an interchange schedule that must be confirmed?
- The scheduling path & magnitude of the transaction
- The Start/stop times, ramp times, and duration
- Price of energy
- Loss accounting including MVAR at points of receipt and delivery A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 4 C. 2 and 3 D. 3 and 4 - ANS: ✔✔ A. 1 and 2 Control areas shall NOT operate to cause any other system to violate established operating reliability criteria from changes made to: A. Interchange schedules B. Capacitor banks C. Reactors D. LTCs - ANS: ✔✔ A. Interchange schedules Per Policy 4, 4A, In order to predict the system's near term load pattern, a system operator must have information including weather forecasts and: A. Sufficient metering B. Past load patterns C. Projected load patterns
D. Generator overhaul schedules
- ANS: ✔✔ B. Past load patterns All of the following electric system security data are to be updated at least every 10 minutes EXCEPT: A. Operating reserve B. Control area demand C. Area control area frequency D. Forecast changes on equipment status - ANS:✔✔D. Forecast changes on equipment status Security Coordinator A requests Reliability Coordinator B to curtail a transaction from B to C. The Reliability Coordinator B should do which of the following: A. Ask A to redispatch B. Honor the request C. Implement voltage reduction D. Coordinate with regional office - ANS:✔✔B. Honor the request The NERC certification examination program should comply with the standards established by which of the following?
deficiency may include: A. Purchasing economic energy B. Starting another fossil fuel unit C. Scheduling available emergency assistance and implementing load shedding D. Postponing equipment maintenance on units if it will derate the unit by 10% or more - ANS:✔✔C. Scheduling available emergency assistance and implementing load shedding During low load conditions, what are the primary system conditions the system operator works to alleviate? A. High voltage and overgeneration B. Low voltage and overgeneration C. High voltage and undergeneration D. Low voltage and undergeneration - ANS:✔✔A. High voltage and overgeneration Who is responsible for developing procedures to provide transmission security? A. NERC B. FERC C. The subregion D. The control area - ANS:✔✔D. The control area Planned transmission outages shall be coordinated with: A. Power marketers B. Generation suppliers C. NERC regional council D. Any system (or entity) that may be affected - ANS:✔✔C. NERC regional
council How often does NERC recommend that studies be made to determine the transfer capability between interconnected control areas? A.. Monthly B. Quarterly C. Annually D. Biannually - ANS:✔✔C. Annually What is the data retention requirement for any control area or region to retain data made available on the Interregional Security Network (ISN)? A. 1 month B. 6 months C. 12 months D. 0 months - ANS:✔✔D. 0 months As a general rule (preference not requirement), digital data should be sampled every : A. 2 seconds B. 4 seconds C. 6 seconds D. 8 seconds - ANS:✔✔B. 4 seconds Results of the NERC hotline test shall be reported to the NERC operations committee each: A. Day B.
B. 6.5%
C. 8%
D. 9.5% - ANS:✔✔B. 6.5%
What is a capacity benefit margin? A. The unloaded and available on line generation capability B. Transmission capacity set aside to back up the loss of generation C. The amount of installed generation above the systems peak demand forecast D. The amount of quick start generation capacity - ANS:✔✔B. Transmission capacity set aside to back up the loss of generation Electric utilities must report major losses of firm system loads to which one of the following entities? A. FERC B. RCMP C. DOE D. EEI - ANS:✔✔C. DOE SMD (solar magnetic disturbance) may cause which of the following? A. Relay operation B. Transformer overheating C. Transmission line de- rating D. Frequency excursions - ANS:✔✔B. Transformer overheating (most likely primay result)
Area Interchange Error Surveys are conducted to improve which of the following? A. Voltage stability B. Frequency regulation C. Economy of operation D. Line overloads - ANS:✔✔B. Frequency regulation A. 10 MW received hour ending 1300 Saturday through hour ending 1200 Sunday (CST) B. 10 MW received all day Wednesday C. 20 MW received hour ending 0100 through hour ending 1200 Monday (CST) D. 24 MW received hour ending 0100 through hour ending 1000 Friday (CST) - ANS:✔✔C. 20 MW received hour ending 0100 through hour ending 1200 Monday (CST) The purpose of the net tie deviation from schedule trend recorder is to: A. Provide back-up for ACE recorder B. Monitor total interchange C. Measure response to frequency excursions D. Measure calibration errors of tie line metering - ANS:✔✔C. Measure response to frequency excursions In a case of sabotage intended to increase a power system's vulnerability, DOE requires a report A. Within 15 minutes B. Within 6 hours C. Within 12 There is an inadvertent accumulation of +240 MWh (over generation) that should be used to schedule exchange with a neighboring control area. If 50% is on peak, which schedule will work?
Status of power system equipment must be provided to system operators, enabling them to: A. Detect abnormal conditions and take appropriate action B. Report unusual voltage excursions C. Determine equipment maintenance schedules D. Plan for transformer load changes - ANS:✔✔A. Detect abnormal conditions and take appropriate action The primary purpose for a special protection scheme (SPS) or remedial action scheme (RAS) is to A. Ensure proper breaker tripping and reclosing B. Isolate electrical faults C. Balance load and generation after a loss of resources (preserving stability) D. Provide additional load information to the operator - ANS:✔✔C. Balance load and generation after a loss of resources (preserving stability) An alarm is received from a substation indicating relay trouble on a 230/115-KV autotransformer. What would be a minimum typical compliment of relays associated with this type of transformer? A. Undercurrent, over voltage, and over frequency B. Overcurrent, differential, and sudden pressure C. Impedance, ground, and under frequency D. Overvoltage, over current, and under frequency - ANS:✔✔B. Overcurrent, differential, and sudden pressure When must changes or additions to protective relay schemes on interconnected transmission lines be coordinated with neighboring systems A. After the line relays operate due to suspect causes B. Before the neighboring system is affected C. When the line exceeds its thermal operating limit D. During heavy load periods - ANS:✔✔B. Before the neighboring system is
affected Unless agreed to otherwise an interchange transaction shall be submitted to all control areas on the scheduling path no later than: A. 10 minutes before the transaction begins B. 20 minutes before the transaction begins C. 40 minutes before the transaction begins D. 60 minutes before the transaction begins - ANS:✔✔B. 20 minutes before the transaction begins Control areas that are parties to an interchange schedule shall be known to each other:
- Before confirming a schedule
- Before implementing a schedule
- After completing a schedule [Select from ANS:s below]
=(0.1*80)/(0.08)=100 MW/0.1Hz; just basic algebra Inadvertent interchange accumulations may be paid back by which of the following methods? A. Bilateral payback wherein the other control area must have an inadvertent interchange accumulation in the same direction B. Unilateral payback through an AGC offset of up to L10 of the control area's bias or 5 MW, whichever is greater C. Bilateral payback wherein the other control area must have an inadvertent interchange accumulation in the opposite direction D. Unilateral payback through an AGC offset of up to L10 of the control area's bias or 10 MW, whichever is greater - ANS:✔✔C. Bilateral payback wherein the other control area must have an inadvertent interchange accumulation in the opposite direction Following a generator trip on the system, the system operator's first communication should be with: A. The power plant marketing agent B. The supervisor C. Reliability Coordinator D. Utilities with direct ties to the system - ANS:✔✔C. Reliability Coordinator System frequency is slightly less than schedule, this is an indicator to the System Operator that: A. Load is responding slower than generation B. A generator has tripped or is in trouble C. Load is greater than generation D. A generator has just come on line - ANS:✔✔C. Load is greater than generation A system is supplying 4,000 MW of load. The Area Control Error is at zero when a 1,100 MW unit loaded at 1,000 MW is lost. The frequency begins to decline from 60 Hz. The loss of this unit has depleted the 250 MW operating reserve requirement. To restore the system to the predisturbance condition, the system operator must load how much generation?
A. 578 MW
B. 750 MW
C. 1,000 MW
D. 1,125 MW - ANS:✔✔C. 1,000 MW
The actual amount of load pick-up will be 1000 - 250=750:but NERC ANS: desires "C". In reality only 750 MW gen must be loaded if 250 MW reserve capacity has been converted to energy; Approx. 250 MW of reserve capacity must also be stored. A 500 - KV transmission line is supplying 20 amps of load. What is the calculated MVA supplied by the line? A. 10 MVA B. 100 MVA C. 1,000 MVA D. 10,000 MVA - ANS:✔✔A. 10 MVA Assuming unity power factor (zero MVAR), and a 3 - phase line, MVA=(kV x amps x 1.73 = 17.3 MVA Responding to operating security limit violations is necessary most frequently when: A. Violations occur or are expected to occur B. There is a reduction to transaction required C. It may lead to voltage collapse D. It will cause cascading outages - ANS:✔✔A. Violations occur or are expected to occur Prompt action shall be taken to restore reactive resources if they: A. Drop below acceptable levels B. Are removed from service via a relay action C. Are removed from service for maintenance
A. 88 MWh B. 90 MWh C. 96 MWh D. 94 MWh - ANS:✔✔C. 96 MWh 75 avg MW for the first 5 min of the hour (5 min ramp in hour, previous 5 min was in previous hour metered); 100 MW for 50 minutes; and 75 avg. MW for last 5 min (first half of 10 min ramp out): = (75)5)/60)+((100)50)/60)+((75*5)/60))=95.83333 MWh Which of the following are most completely required of system operators? B. Ensuring that maximum net schedules between two control areas do not exceed transfer capabilities and coordinating power transactions with other utilities C. Negotiating transaction prices based on incremental versus detrimental cost and accessing the appropriate OASIS site and requested appropriate transmission services D. Accessing the appropriate OASIS site and requested appropriate transmission services and coordinating power transactions with other utilities - ANS:✔✔B. Ensuring that maximum net schedules between two control areas do not exceed transfer capabilities and coordinating power transactions with other utilities Unless agreed to otherwise by the sending, receiving, and Intermediary Control areas, when shall an interchange transaction begin and end? A. Equally across the start and end times B. When the transaction is approved C. Midnight of the following business day D. Five minutes before the top of the hour - ANS:✔✔B. When the transaction is approved A. Ensuring that maximum net schedules between two control areas do not exceed transfer capabilities and negotiating transaction prices based on incremental versus detrimental cost After load forecast is completed, the generating units should be assigned by unit commitment to meet forecasted load, ... [select the answer to most correctly complete the statement]
A. And reserve obligation B. Reserve obligation, and energy transfers C. Losses, reserve obligation, and energy transfers D. Losses, reserve obligation, energy transfers, and entity requests - ANS:✔✔A. And reserve obligation At what frequency does steam turbine damage be likely to occur without time duration and the unit needing to be tripped? A. 57.00 Hz B. 57.50 Hz C. 58.00 Hz
