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- Balancing Authority A is importing MW and has a b. The Balancing tie-line flowing into them when the meter fails to zero. Authority's gener- Which of the following statements is true?
a. The Balancing Authority's frequency will drop b. The Balancing Authority's generators on AGC will decrease output c. The Balancing Authority's frequency will increase d. The Balancing Authority's ACE reading will de- crease
- Balancing Authority A has tie - line meter fail to zero on a line that is exporting 200 MWs. Which of the following statements is true?
a. The Balancing Authority's total demand indication will increase b. The Balancing Authority's generators on AGC will decrease output c. The Balancing Authority's frequency will decrease d. The Balancing Authority's ACE reading will in- crease
- How does a System Operator realize the power sys- tem is getting close to the end of its available reactive resources?
a. The voltage is increasing b. The rate of decrease / increase of the voltage does not relate to change in the load c. The rate of increase of the voltage decreases with the load d. The rate of decrease of the voltage increases with the load
- Which of the following indications would result from a significant loss of generation on an external BA?
a. your ACE goes up and frequency stays the same
ators on AGC will decrease output
a. The Balanc- ing Authority's to- tal demand indica- tion will increase
d. The rate of de- crease of the volt- age increases with the load
c. your ACE stays the same and fre- quency decreases
b. your ACE stays the same and frequency increases c. your ACE stays the same and frequency decreases d. your ACE goes down and frequency drops
- You have restored a line to service after an outage. After shows no current flow. What is your next action ? closing the line , one of the phases
a. Have the on - site crew open the line b. Notify your RC c. Call the crew that restored the line to check reading on each phase d. Report RTU problem
- Which of the following would classify as an Operating Instruction?
a. Requesting generator status from a Generator Op- erator b. Discussing Operating Plan with an Adjacent Trans- mission Operator c. Directing a Generator Operator to maintain current MVAR output of a generator d. Requesting outage information from a Distribution Provider
- After the winter morning peak , you have CTs base loaded unable to decrease output and other units un- able to regulate any lower. Nuclear units are loaded and your solar is starting to pick up. ACE is trending up and you have no regulation. What would you do?
a. Take your CTs off-line b. Increase Interchange out c. Curtail solar power production d. Consider available spinning reserve and replace resources planned for the day
- How can you more effectively increase the MW trans- fer rate through a transmission line?
c. Call the crew that restored the line to check read- ing on each phase
c. Directing a Gen- erator Operator to maintain current MVAR output of a generator
a. Take your CTs off-line
b. Change taps on the Phase Shift-
b. 325 MVA c. 290 MVA d. 245 MVA
- A Balancing Authority is in an EEA 1 , what must the Balancing Authority do prior to moving to the next EEA Level?
a. Inform the Transmission Operator and Reliability Coordinator b. Ensure operating reserve in place , additional transaction purchases are scheduled , and all avail- able generation online c. Shed all non - firm load d. Ensure operating reserve in place , all purchases scheduled , and all non - firm load has been shed
- Line 1 SOL is 250 MVA , Line 3 has an OTDF of 0. to line 1. If line 3 relays out what will be the SOMVAR Line 1 loading on Line 1 and will it be within its SOL limit? Line 1 - 200MVA, 50MVAR Line 2 - 150MVA, 30MVAR Line 3 - 300MVA, 0.25 OTDF
a. 220 / No b. 250 / Yes C. 275 / No d. 275 / Yes
- Which curve best represents the Ferranti effect?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
- A system operator is trying to synchronize lines A and B. Voltage at A is 125 kV and Voltage at B is 115 kV. Reactive reserves are at their maximum output.
d. Ensure oper- ating reserve in place , all pur- chases scheduled , and all non - firm load has been shed
C. 275 / No
b. 2
Line gently goes up as Voltage get higher abd lines gets longer
d. Increase Load at Station A
What action should the system operator take first?
a. Increase Generation at B b. Decrease Generation at A c. Shed Load electrical close to Station B d. Increase Load at Station A
- In ordered to be considered controllable load for con- tingency reserves the load must be ...?
a. Non - Critical b. SCADA Controlled c. Able to reduce within a specific time period d. Non - Firm Load
- On a transmission line that flows Station A to Station B. Station B is open and unable to close due to ex- cessively high voltage at Station B. What device can the system operator use at Station A to mitigate this system problem?
a. Insert a Shunt Capacitor b. Insert a Series Capacitor c. Insert Shunt Reactor d. Bypass a Series Capacitor
- Geomagnetic Disturbances effect the ability to con- trol :
a. AGC b. Frequency c. Reactive Power d. Real Power
- Geomagnetic Induced Currents ( GIC ) may cause which of the following when they travel into the power system?
a. Decrease reactive power demand b. Generator operations in the Lead
c. Able to reduce within a specific time period
c. Insert Shunt Re- actor
c. Reactive Power
d. Transformer hot spot and over-heating
When is it acceptable for the voltage to be reduced by 5%?
a. To increase power transfers b. When demand is high and needs to be reduced c. When islanding d. When generation is too high
- You have requested an EEA to be declared by your Reliability Coordinator you have no sales and there are no entities with generation to sell , which EEA are you in if you reserves and generation to meet the peak and have implemented demand - side manage- ment have your contingency procedures?
a. EEA 0 b. EEA 1 c. EEA 2 d. EEA 3
- You have maximum generation of 15,000 MW , you are expecting a peak of 7000 MW , you are selling 4000 MW and your largest unit is 1400 MW , what is the total generation you must have?
a. 8400 b. 9600 c. 12400 d. 15060
- A Reliability Coordinator receives a Time Error noti- fication to begin at the top of the hour and last for 6 hours. Who does the RC notify of a Time Error correction
a. All Balancing Authorities in the Interconnection b. Balancing Authorities in its area c. Post it on RCIS d. RC implements time error correction for their BA
b. When demand is high and needs to be reduced
c. EEA 2
c. 12400
b. Balancing Au- thorities in its area
- During a disturbance , you have separated from the Interconnection and your UFLS program shed load and frequency is holding at 59.80 Hz. What would be you next course of action?
a. Reset the UFLS program b. Prepare for frequency to drop and other levels of UFLS to activate c. Manually shed load to restore Frequency d. Ask RC for increase generation in area
- Voltage is high and you need to lower the amount of MVARS on your system , what do you use?
a. Generators b. Shunt Capacitor c. Shunt Reactor d. Transformer
- A generator at Station A is at maximum MVAR output . You are in the process of putting a transmission line back in service which will be lightly loaded at Station A. What do you expect to happen?
a. Generator MVAR output decreases b. Generator MVAR output increases c. There is no change in generator MVAR production d. Generators will lose sync
- Frequency is high and increasing , each Balancing Authority in your Reliability Coordinator areas ACE is near zero. What should the RC do first?
a. Direct Balancing Authorities to confirm inter- change schedules b. Direct voltage reduction across the coordinating area c. Direct Transmission Operator to take lightly loaded lines out of service
c. Manually shed load to restore Frequency
c. Shunt Reactor
a. Generator MVAR output de- creases
a. Direct Bal- ancing Authorities to confirm inter- change schedules
conduct relay testing. Breakers at Station A and B suddenly opened what is the most likely cause?
a. Line fault b. Mis-operation on overcurrent c. Inadvertent operation of transfer trip relay d. Breaker failure
- You have suffered a DCS event and deployed contin- gency reserves restoring ACE. The next most impor- tant action is to
a. Arrange to restore operating reserves b. Review event with event committee c. Contact the RC d. Implement demand-side management
- You are in anticipating an Energy Capacity Emer- gency , all available generation has been brought online , if time permits what is the best action?
a. Interruptible load request b. Schedule Purchases from other areas c. Shed load d. Lean on Interchange
- d. 4
- Your Balancing Authority Area is doing a perfect job balancing its generation - load - interchange obliga- tion , your frequency bias is 50 MW / 0.1 Hz. Frequen- cy suddenly falls to 59.93 Hz due to an external loss of generation. What is this BA ACE?
c. Inadvertent op- eration of transfer trip relay
a. Arrange to re- store operating re- serves
b. Schedule Pur- chases from other areas
a. 0
a. 0 b. - 35 c. + d. - 50
- How often should you test alternative communication means?
c. Monthly
a. Daily b. Weekly c. Monthly d. Quarterly
- Use chart to determine minimum load that must be shed to alleviate 34 MW of power flow? Station Load DF Impact A. 10. 50. 5 B. 20. 45. 9 C. 10. 50. 5 D. 20. 10. 2 E. 50. 50. 25
b. 70
a. 50 b. 70 c. 80 d. 90
- A Transmission Operator sees his meter readings fluctuate at 0710 , he is contacted by a neighbor TOP at 0720 who informs him that an IROL had occurred at
- By when must they mitigate the IROL violation , assuming the IROL has the maximum allowed IROL TV
b. 0735
a. 0730 b. 0735 c. 0740 d. 0805
a. Recalculate tie line limits b. Schedule more interchange, regardless of cost c. Shed load to return ACE to zero d. Restore reserves
- A local transmission line trips when it made contact with a tree. At one terminal SCADA shows every breaker on the bus open. What likely caused this result?
a. Differential relay b. Ground relay c. Remedial Action Scheme d. Breaker Failure relay
- b. Line 2 flow will increase
- 50 MVA transformer has 30 MW flowing into it from the high - side. How many MVARS could flow through the transformers without exceeding limits?
a. 20 MVARS b. 30 MVARS c. 40 MVARS d. 50 MVARS
- A capacitor at Station B is rated at 100 MVAR. Station B voltage is .90 p.u. when you place the capacitor in service , what is the output of the capacitor bank?
a. 100 MVAR b. 90 MVAR c. 81 MVAR d. 50 MVAR
d. Breaker Failure relay
c. 40 MVARS
c. 81 MVAR
- A local transmission line is loaded to 410 MW, SOL is 370 MW. There are 2 generators in the area, Genera- tion Shift Factor of Gen A is .5 and of Gen B is .25. What is the min. reduction of generation to bring the line within SOL
a. 40 MW b. 60 MW c. 80 MW d. 160 MW
- c. 105 MW
- Which of the following must Transmission Operators pass to the Reliability Coordinator as soon as they are aware of it?
a. Generator MW , MVAR capacity b. Failure of primary communications at a critical facility c. Lightning in the area d. Low Voltage
- b. There is not a large power angle between Bus A and Bus B
c. 80 MW
b. Failure of pri- mary communica- tions at a critical facility
- a. Reduce generator 1
c. The low side voltage will increase very little d. The low side voltage will increase considerably
- What is the impact to capacitive reactance when fre- quency drops significantly in the power system?
a. Capacitive reactance will increase b. Capacitive reactance will decrease c. Capacitive reactance will remain the same d. Capacitive reactance characteristics will go to zero
- Use chart. A small system with 3 blocks of load , 2 generators , and 2 Interruptible loads of 50 MW each , one is fully interruptible in 12 minutes , the other one is interruptible in 18 minutes. Calculate Spinning Operating Reserves Generator Capacity. Output. Ramp
- 10MW/min
- 10MW/min
a. 100 MW b. 150 MW c. 200 MW d. 250 MW
- A Balancing Authority has 15,000 MW of generation capacity , 4000 MW of scheduled imports and needs 1400 MW of contingency reserves. How much load can this BA support?
a. 17600 MW b. 13600 MW c. 12400 MW d. 9600 MW
- b. Differential Relay
a. Capacitive reac- tance will increase
d. 250 MW
b. 13600 MW
- c. Restoring balance between load and generation
- Which tool relies on the State Estimator to give accu- rate results?
a. Energy Management System b. Contingency Analysis c. ACE d. SCADA
- Which is a possible GMD impact on system relaying?
a. Current differential schemes may operate due to saturation on CTs b. DTT Schemes may fail due to a loss of fiber optics c. PLC may not function d. Sudden pressure protection may operate due to sensor failure
- b. 40 MW
- How much current is on a 138 kV line that has 100 MW and 20 MVAR and a power factor of .98?
a. 84 amps
b. Contingency Analysis
a. Current differen- tial schemes may operate due to sat- uration on CTs
d. 425 amps
b. Moves all generator to support frequency c. Keeps frequency at target d. Determines the stability of the Interconnection
- BA B has scheduled interchange of 150 MWs from BA A and 50 MWs to BA C. Actual interchange is 160 MWs from BA A and 55MWs to BA C. If these power flows continue for a full hour. What is the Inadvertent Interchange for BA B for that hour?
a. -5 MWh b. 5 MWh c. -10 MWh d. 10 MWh
- b. Generators 1, 3, & 4
- A Balancing Authority anticipating an operating ca- pacity or energy emergency shall perform all actions necessary which includes :
a. proactive load shedding b. transmission line switching c. bringing on all available generation d. voltage reduction
- Protective relays have current flowing to them that is proportional to the current that is in the primary circuit. What is used to transform the current from the primary circuit to a smaller proportional amount for the protective relay?
a. Current Transformers b. Series Capacitors
a. -5 MWh
c. bringing on all available genera- tion
a. Current Trans- formers
c. Vacuum Interrupters d. Positive Sequence Instruments
- During system restoration , what is the System Oper- ator's first priority?
a. Restoration of interchange b. Restoration of Customer Load c. Restoration of off - site power to critical facilities d. Interconnection Frequency
- A transmission line is scheduled out for maintenance . Power Flow studies indicate another transmission line will overload as a result. The Transmission Oper- ator must take which of the following actions?
a. Raise interchange schedule b. Reschedule the transmission line maintenance c. Lower transfers d. Notify BA to adjust generation
- Scheduled Interchange is 200 MWs and Actual Inter- change is 215 MWs. The Frequency Bias Setting is 15 MW / .1 Hz and frequency is 60.00 Hz. Suddenly Frequency drops to 59.90 Hz. What is the resulting ACE calculation?
a. 0 MW b. 15 MW over - generating c. 30 MW under - generating d. 15 MW under - generating
- If a Transmission Operator or Balancing Authority is unable to restore Real and Reactive Power Balance , and corrective action or emergency assistance is not adequate , they shall :
a. Implement manual load shedding b. Direct the RC to provide assistance
c. Restoration of off - site power to critical facilities
b. Reschedule the transmission line maintenance
b. 15 MW over - generating
a. Implement man- ual load shedding
