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NERC BOOK STUDY QUESTIONS | Actual Questions and Answers Latest
Updated 202 5 /202 6 (Graded A+)
You are an external BA with a frequency bais of 20 MW/.1 Hz that sees a frequency of 60.02 due to a large loss of load in the contingent BA. If your generator governor control systems responded to the frequency deviation approximately how much of a generation change would you BA experience? - ✔✔- 4MW Net actual interchange minus Net scheduled interchange is what? - ✔✔Inadvertent interchange Suppose your interconnection operators at 59.97 Hz from one minute after midnight to noon and operate at 60.05 Hz from 12:01 to midnight. What should you do if a time error correction was implemented just after midnight to correct for the timer error accumulated during this 24 hour period? - ✔✔Change frequency schedule to 59.98 Hz If BA ABC's RT signal for power flow over ABC's midway tie-line with BA XYZ is significantly in error, the ABC system operator shall - ✔✔Adjust the control setting (e.g. substitute a value for the tie line power flow in the EMS) to compensate for the equipment error until repairs can be made The normal and recommended mode of AGC is what? - ✔✔Tie line frequency bias A 100 MW generator at 50 MW output has a 5% governor droop response will respond to how much of a - .15Hz frequency deviation (actual frequency 59.85 Hz) - ✔✔+5 MW Which of the following complies with the control performance standard - ✔✔CPS1=135% A system disturbance has caused your BA to lose tie line RTUs with a neighboring BA and all frequency meters which telemetered data into your EMS. How would you operate your GC system for this scenario? - ✔✔Place all generating units on manual control and try as best you can to match generation with load
Each BA shall perform control error checks using tie-line MWh meters to determine the accuracy of its control equipment. How often do NERC reliability stands require each BA to perform these control error checks? - ✔✔Every hour Upon telemetry failure of a generators output, which of the following would you expect to change - ✔✔Actual load (as displayed in the Control Room) There is an inadvertent accumulation of 240 MWh over generation that should be used to schedule payback with neighboring control area. If 50% is on peak, which schedule will work? - ✔✔20 MW delivered hour ending 0100 through HE 1300 Monday (CST) Each BA shall operate such that its clock minute average of reporting ACE does not exceed its clock minute BA ACE limit (BAAL) for more than how many consecutive minutes? - ✔✔30 minutes Each frequency response sharing group or BA that is not a member of a Frequency Response Sharing group shall achieve an annual FRM - ✔✔That is equal to or more negative than its FRO to demonstrate compliance with requirement R Each BA that is a member of multiple BA interconnection and is not receiving overlap regulation service and is utilizing a variable frequency bias setting shall maintain a frequency bias setting that is : - ✔✔Less than zero at all times & equal to or more negative than its Frequency Response obligation with Frequency varies from 60 Hz by more than +/- .036 Hz Voltage reduction for load reduction should be performed where - ✔✔On the Distribution system You are a system operator in BA ABC and you notice that the voltage is steadily declining in a known "weak" area of your system. You have exhausted all of your reactive resources in the weak area and you have noticed that the MVAR flows across the three transmission lines connecting this area to the system are very high. Per NERC reliability standards, what shall you do? - ✔✔Manually shed enough load to prevent voltage collapse in this area Which of the following is not a reactive resource, Ractor bank, Transformer, Capacitor bank, Synchronous condenser - ✔✔Transformer
A shunt capacitor bank with nominal value of 60 MVARS is on a bus with a voltage of .9 p.u. The actual VARS delivered by the capacitor bank would be: - ✔✔48 MVAR As a transmission operator, yo0u shall specify a voltage or reactive power schedule at the interconnection between the generator facility and the transmission owners facilities to be maintained by each generator. You do so by: - ✔✔Providing the voltage or reactive power scheduled to the associated generator operator and directing the generator operator to comply with the schedule in automatic voltage control mod (AVR in service) The transmission owner shall price which of the follow to the GO (Required tap changes, a time frame for tap changes, technical justification for tap changes) - ✔✔All the above The generator operator shall operate each generator connected to the interconnected transmission system as follows unless the generator operator has notified the transmission operator - ✔✔In the automatic voltage control mode If a radial line is loaded at 100 MVA and is delivering 60 MVAR to a load how many MW is it delivering to the load - ✔✔80 MW Generators operating to supply VARs to support voltage are overexcited. This type of operation is also called - ✔✔Lagging Generation which are underexcited are said to be absorbing VARs to lower system voltage this type of operation is also called - ✔✔Leading The terms leading and lagging refer to the relation of the generators what with respect to voltage - ✔✔Current Which of the following standards best measures a BA's ability to carry adequate operating reserves - ✔✔DCS
If a reserve sharing group's largest single severe contingency is a nuclear plant rated at 1200 MW and this nuclear plant is uprated to 1300 MW through modifications, this reserve sharing groups spinning reserved portion of fit contingency reserve must increase from 600 MW to - ✔✔650 MW The disturbance control standard requires the BA to reruthen ace to zero withing what time period? - ✔✔ 15 minutes The DCS compliance is what percentage of reportable disturbances - ✔✔100% The BA shall carry enough contingency reserved to handle - ✔✔The most severe single contingency Which of the following does not count a s contingency reserves ( interruptible load, Fast start generation, Load shedding, static VAR generators) - ✔✔Static VAR Generators Reportable disturbances are contingencies that are a greater than or equal to what percentage of the most severe single single contingency? - ✔✔80% A BA or Reserve sharing group shall fully restore its contingency reserves within the contingency reserve restoration period for its interconnection. The contingency reserved restoration period begins - ✔✔At the end of the disturbance recovery period The default contingency reserved restoration period is - ✔✔ 90 minutes If at 12:30 July 1, AB ABC discovers that a single contingency will result in severe overloading of a tie line, NERC standards require this BA to perform action to eliminate this IROL violation by what time? - ✔✔13: As a system operator, your prime consideration when an operating emergency occurs shall be to - ✔✔Maintain parallel operation throughout the interconnection Electric system security Data received over the interregional security network (ISN) shall be used only for what purpose - ✔✔Operational security analysis
An interchange transaction is accent a given constrained flowgate in BA c where the transaction has a transmission service priority level of non firm weekly. This transaction can be curtailed with what TLR to alleviate the congestion in BA c? - ✔✔TLR 3b Its 7:00 AM and you are planning system operation for the day. It's going to be a hot summer day and you have some generation equipment to be taken out for maintenance that day. Your plan shows that you may get into a capacity emergency during the system peak loading for the day if the weather forecast holds true. What should you do?Its 7:00 AM and you are planning system operation for the day. It's going to be a hot summer day and you have some generation equipment to be taken out for maintenance that day. Your plan shows that you may get into a capacity emergency during the system peak loading for the day if the weather forecast holds true. What should you do? - ✔✔Postpone equipment maintenance Generator A generating 500 MW has a distribution factor of .4 for line AB and .2 for line CD. Line AB is initially loaded at 300 MW and line CD is loaded at 100 MW if the loading on the generator is reducted by 100 MW what is the resultant loading of the lines - ✔✔Line a \b 260 MW and line CD =80 MW Generator A is getting 500 MW and has a distribution factor of - /3 for line A-B and .6 for line C-D. the initial loading on line AB is 20 MW and the intial loading on line CD is 150 MW if the output of generator A is increased by 100 MW what are the resultant line flows - ✔✔Line AB 170 MW Line CD 210 MW Generators A,B and C are serving load in a BA. Generator A generating 500 MW has a participation factor of .4, Gen B generating 700 MW has a pariciation factor of .8 and Gen C Generation 600 MW has a participation factor of - .2, If load is increased by 100 MW what is the result - ✔✔Gen A = 540 MW, Gen b = 780 MW, Gen C = 580 MW Same thing as above but load is decreased by 100 - ✔✔Generator A 460 MW, Gen B 620 MW, Gen c 620 MW ABC BA has exhausted its native generation capacity and its firm purchases are limited due to tie line transfer capability to the extent that ABC is not going to be able to meet its native load plus regulating requirements. In this situation ABC will request that its RC issue a(n)? - ✔✔Energy Emergency Alert Energy and capacity emergency plans should include or consider which of the following - ✔✔Fuel Supply and inventory environmental, optimizing fuel supply
If an overload condition on a transmission facility persists such that equipment is endangered the affected system or pool may opt to disconnect the affected facility. Prior to switching, if practicable NERC reliability standards require you to - ✔✔Notify neighboring systems impacted by the disconnection Per NERC reliability standards, a BA anticipating an operating capacity emergency shall bring on all available generation, postpone equipment maintenance, schedule interchange purchase well in advance and... - ✔✔Prepare to reduce load BA ABC is experiencing an operating capacity emergency and is relying on assistance provided by the interconnection frequency bias. Per NERC reliability standards ABC shall - ✔✔Balance its interchange schedules and generation to its load without regard to financial cost In a capacity emergency who has the authority to shed load? - ✔✔Reliability coordinator Per NERC reliability standards, for which of the following situations shall system XYZ not inform other systems in their region or sub region - ✔✔XYZ system operation staff is below self imposed minimum requirements If a BA performed a 5% voltage reduction as part of their emergency procedures for capacity emergencies, but has not shed firm load then the BA is in what level of emergency - ✔✔Level 2 Which of the following is not a NERC disturbance reporting requirement for a 1000 MW system? (implementation of 100 MW or more of firm load shedding to maintain system continuity, Voltage excursion, Under frequency load shedding, an IROL violation) - ✔✔Voltage excursion of 5% The purpose of a backup control center is what? - ✔✔So the BA will not be a burden to the interconnection You are a system operator in BA ABC and you notice the voltage is steadily declining in a known "weak area" of your system. You have exhausted all of the reactive resources in this weak area and you have noticed that the MVAR flows across the three transmission lines connecting this area to they system are
After a disturbance you have 40% of your load intact, you ACE is near zero and your frequency is increased for 59.5 Hz you should do what - ✔✔Take no immediate action How often should restoration service for crival telecommunication channels be available - ✔✔ 24 hours per day During a system restoration, load block additions should be limited to what % of online generation - ✔✔5% A generator's capability for system restoration purpose is determined by what? - ✔✔Periodic blackstart testing There is a severe disturbance on the interconnection and a few moments later you notice your frequency is oscillating and is hard to control to 60 Hz. what has most likely happened - ✔✔You are now operating an islanded system Black start capability refers to - ✔✔A generators capability to start and generate MW for cold shutdown conditions without reliance on the interconnection for auxiliary power If a system disturbance causes a generator to be out of step, that means that this generators rotor is at a with respect to the resort of the system - ✔✔Asynchronous speed System restoration plans shall be coordinated with - ✔✔Neighboring system What are the three important system parameters that must be within acceptable limits before synchronizing an isolated area to the interconnection? - ✔✔phase angle between the isolated area and the interconnection, frequency, volatage During a system restoration cold load pickup can involve inrush current that are how large? - ✔✔Up to 10 time normal load currents
Which of the following should not be considered when trying to maintain normal transmission voltage during a system restoration (removal of certain reactive resources or addition of small blacks of load to prevent excessive voltage when energizing long transmission lines, Effects of energizing high voltage cables at the end of a long lightly loaded system. Bypassing undervoltage relay contracts at all transmission substations to prevent nuisance tripping, The capability of generators to provide or absorb reactive power flows) - ✔✔-Bypassing undervoltage relay contracts at all transmission substations to prevent nuisance tripping One of the benefits of periodic black start testing is what? - ✔✔System operators get the training they need to learn how to blackstart teh generator under realistic conditions A system in the process of restoration has 1000MW of synchronized generation and 700 MW of connected load. What amount of load should be shed to raise frequency by .5 Hz - ✔✔50 MW Which of the following is not considered to be electric system security data? (Transmission line status, Generator status, Status of automatic voltage control facilities, Available transfer capabilities (ATC) - ✔✔Available Transfer Capabilities (ATCs) Thermal limits for transmission line power transfers are based on what? - ✔✔The fatigue limit and sag of the line as affected by I^2R heating in conduction with the ambient temperature System operators should keep transmission lines in service as much as possible. Which of the following is one reason for this recommendation? - ✔✔This usually lowers transmission system impedance which tends to lower MW and MVAR losses and improves system stability A proper operating protective relay scheme should normally operate for - ✔✔Faulted system facilities What type of relay uses a combination of Current transformer (CT measurements and Potential Transformer Measurements (PT) and operates when the ratio of the PT and Measurements to CT measurements is below a certain limit for given period of time - ✔✔Distance relay (device 21) Which of the follow is an example of electric system security data that is not requested to be updated at least every 10 minutes? (Peak load forecast for current and next day, Instantaneous ACE, MW reserve available within 10 minutes, interchange schedules for the next 24 hours) - ✔✔Peak load forecast for current and next day
An alarm comes in on your SCADA. You notice a bus breaker is showing closed even though the bus is showing to be de-energized. You notice that a remote line breaker associated with this bus is shown to be open. What is the cause of this SCADA indication? - ✔✔Breaker failure with a back up relay operation After load forecast is completed, the generating units should be assigned by unit commitment to meet forecasted load and what else? - ✔✔Reserve obligation When possible, a transmission operator should try to use which of the following to energize high voltage transmission lines? (The strongest source, The largest breaker, the weakest source, a generating station)
- ✔✔The strongest source What is the most suitable equipment for reactive reserve response to a contingency - ✔✔Synchronous condensers During extreme low load conditions, what are the primary system conditions the system operator works to alleviate - ✔✔High voltage and over generation Its going to be a hot summer day and you have planned to have some generation out for maintenance. Your plan shows that you may have an energy emergency during the system peak loading for the day. What should you do? - ✔✔Postpone generator maintenance The transmission operator has the responsibility to develop a system restoration plan. Once the pan has been \developed,it should be? - ✔✔Tested periodically or simulated Each RC shall perform a RT assessment of IROLs how often - ✔✔Every 30 mins Each GOP and TOP shall provide its outage info dailey by what time? - ✔✔12:00 CST Following a system disturbance that resulted in an area blackout, the TOP must ensure that when transmission lines are re-energized - ✔✔Protective relay polarization is maintained
Requests for information about interchange transactions may not be given to which of the following? ( Interested Purchasing-Selling entities, RC in the area, BA that are part of the contract path, the Source and sink BA ) - ✔✔Interested Purchasing- selling entities In order to assist the system operator in maintaining system voltages within the established limits, each BA shall have the following equipment available to operate - ✔✔Capacitance and reactive devices What measures power flow data between BAs - ✔✔Tie line metering When referring to transmission lines of an interconnected network, neighboring systems should use? - ✔✔Uniform line identifies and ratings In order to predict the systems near term load pattern, a system operator must have information including weather forecasts and? - ✔✔Past load patterns Who is responsible for developing procedures to provide transmission reliability? - ✔✔The BA or TOP Which of the following activities would not be included in the procedures for transmission reliability? (Equipment ratings, Ancillary service pricing, Switching Transmission elements, Planned outages of transmission elements) - ✔✔Ancillary service pricing All telecommunication channels shall be - ✔✔Periodically tested or monitored on-line After a disturbance, you have 40% of you load intact, but your frequency keeps declining You should do what - ✔✔Shed load if a 400 MVA line is carrying 300 MW and 200 MVAR is it operating above its rating - ✔✔No The RC shall share the results of its next day analysis with transmission operators and BAs whenever when? - ✔✔Whenever action is needed to prevent an IROL violation
Which of the following is the default ramp duration for an eastern interchange transaction - ✔✔ 10 minutes How soon can you re-use a tag number - ✔✔After one year When a RC curtails an interchange transaction for TLR purposes, he must notify whom? - ✔✔The source and sink BA A 200 MW transaction starts at the top of the hour and is terminated at 30 minutes past the hour. If a ten minute ramp is used what is the interchange MWh for this - ✔✔100 MW BA's can share interchange transaction info with whom? - ✔✔All BA's and PSE's involved in the transaction Who is responsible for coordinated the implementation of arranged interchange - ✔✔The interchange coordinator All electorice schedule communications shall be in - ✔✔CST You have a transaction request of 100 MW on a scheduled path that has an ATC equal to 95 MW. What should you do? - ✔✔Deny the request BES stands for? - ✔✔Bulk Electric System The interconnected transmission system is planned to operate with no loss of load: - ✔✔For the loss of one element Which of the following is not a controllable demand side management program ( Conservation, Time use of rates, Interruptible load, Fast start gas turbines) - ✔✔Fast start gas turbines A BES CYBER system can be viewed simply as a grouping of Critical cyber assets - ✔✔True
The medium impact rating category includes - ✔✔Assets that perform UFLS Each TO shall perform an initial risk assessment and subsequent risk assessments of its transmission station and transmission substations that meet the criteria specified in applicable section of CIP - ✔✔Transmission facilities operated at 100 kv Each RC, TOP and BA shall test its alternative interpersonal communication capability at least once - ✔✔Each calendar month If the test is unsuccessful the responsible entity shall initiate action to repair or designate a replacement alternative interpersonal communication capability within - ✔✔2 hours Each RC, TOPand BA shall notify entities with wi\hcih it communicates within how long of the detection of a failure of its interpersonal communication capability that lasts 30 minutes or longer - ✔✔ 60 minutes
