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Nea-Bc Certification – Leadership: Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

This resource provides a comprehensive collection of questions and answers related to the NEA-BC certification in leadership. It covers a wide range of topics, including affirmative action, diversity, equal opportunity, nursing models, financial management, staffing, strategic alignment, revenue and expense budgeting, risk management, cost containment, healthcare payment models, productivity frameworks, and leadership styles. Key areas explored include human capital management, return on investment, cost-benefit analysis, and the impact of various leadership approaches on organizational success.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/16/2025

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Nea-Bc Certification – Leadership
Questions With Correct Detailed
Answers 2025.
Affirmative Action - ANSWER-"Employment equity" promotes equal opportunity and
ethnic diversity in the workplace, public contracting, in education, and in health
programs.
Ethnic Diversity - ANSWER-Quality of diverse and different ethnic groups or persons, as
opposed to a monoculture
Leveraging Diversity - ANSWER-A leader fosters an inclusive workplace where diversity
and individual differences are valued and leveraged to achieve the vision and mission of
the organization
Equal Opportunity - ANSWER-Fairness of various opportunities
Team Nursing - ANSWER-Team leader (RN) manages the care for a small group of
patients
Functional Nursing - ANSWER-Each nurse performs specific tasks for all patients in a
given area
Primary Nursing - ANSWER-The RN performs advanced nursing function for a group of
patients for a 24 hour time period and from admission to discharge
Total Patient Care Nursing - ANSWER-The RN is responsible for all indirect and direct
patient care functions, and he or she communicates needs, changes, and requests for
assistance with a charge nurse or team leader
Biomedical Waste - ANSWER-EPA implements laws to protect human health and the
environment on the federal level, and this organization provides guidelines for the state.
Programs and rules regarding this disposal are primarily regulated on the state level.
Human Capital Management - ANSWER-An approach to employee staffing that views
people as assets
Financial Management - ANSWER-An approach to the allocation of resources
Staffing Distribution - ANSWER-The determination of the number of personnel allocated
per shift, nurse executives are usually responsible for this
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Nea-Bc Certification – Leadership

Questions With Correct Detailed

Answers 2025.

Affirmative Action - ANSWER-"Employment equity" promotes equal opportunity and ethnic diversity in the workplace, public contracting, in education, and in health programs. Ethnic Diversity - ANSWER-Quality of diverse and different ethnic groups or persons, as opposed to a monoculture Leveraging Diversity - ANSWER-A leader fosters an inclusive workplace where diversity and individual differences are valued and leveraged to achieve the vision and mission of the organization Equal Opportunity - ANSWER-Fairness of various opportunities Team Nursing - ANSWER-Team leader (RN) manages the care for a small group of patients Functional Nursing - ANSWER-Each nurse performs specific tasks for all patients in a given area Primary Nursing - ANSWER-The RN performs advanced nursing function for a group of patients for a 24 hour time period and from admission to discharge Total Patient Care Nursing - ANSWER-The RN is responsible for all indirect and direct patient care functions, and he or she communicates needs, changes, and requests for assistance with a charge nurse or team leader Biomedical Waste - ANSWER-EPA implements laws to protect human health and the environment on the federal level, and this organization provides guidelines for the state. Programs and rules regarding this disposal are primarily regulated on the state level. Human Capital Management - ANSWER-An approach to employee staffing that views people as assets Financial Management - ANSWER-An approach to the allocation of resources Staffing Distribution - ANSWER-The determination of the number of personnel allocated per shift, nurse executives are usually responsible for this

Strategic Alignment - ANSWER-Part of a human capital management, where goals, mission, and organizational objective are all considered Revenue - ANSWER-Total amount of income anticipated during a specified period of time Expense Budget - ANSWER-Budget that Contains both salary and non salary items Alliance Program - ANSWER-Program that Works in conjunction with several other organizations that are involved with workplace health and safety, not budgeting Depreciation - ANSWER-An income tax deduction that is an annual allowance for the wear and tear or deterioration of the property. It allows a taxpayer to recover the costs or other aspects of specific property. Tangible property - ANSWER-Property that Can be depreciated, such as, machinery, equipment, buildings, furniture, and vehicles Intangible property - ANSWER-Property that can be Depreciable, including copyrights, patents, and computer software Staffing Mix - ANSWER-"Staffing ratio" Is the ratio of various types of personnel to one another. May be more or less weighted toward the use of RNs, depending on the philosophy of the facility. Often determined by legislation particularly for ICUs and ERs Variable Costs - ANSWER-Costs that Fluctuate in response to either external or internal influence, such as patient acuity, census, staff mix, and product cost Fixed Cost - ANSWER-Costs that remain constant for the facility regardless of fluctuations such as fees and insurance premiums Business Plan - ANSWER-Plan that uses economic justification to show financial officers and elected board officials the necessary information. Helps decision makers decide what to do and if the choice is right for the organization Return on Investment - ANSWER-Calculation of the most tangible financial gains or benefits that are expected from a given project compared to the costs for implementing a program or solution Cost Benefit Analysis - ANSWER-The exercise of evaluating a planned action by determining what the net value is for the organization. Positive minus the negative factors equals whether something is profitable. Industrial Model of Productivity - ANSWER-A model that Measures the ratio of work output to work input and is considered representative of efficiency

Hours per patient day - ANSWER-Number of hours of nursing care that must be provided. Divide the total production hours by the number of patients Healthy Work Environment - ANSWER-Elements include: Safety - Env. safety, training, physical safety, free from abuse Empowerment - autonomy, shared governance, opportunities for learning and growth, provide needed resources Satisfaction - adequate wages, reasonable workload, good scheduling of work hours Pervasive leadership - ANSWER-Leadership type: everyone has leadership potential an dinfluence over others to some degree. Recognizes the power found in groups and allows them a greater degree of autonomy Concerned with relationships provide workers with the tools they need to be better leaders decisions are made from the bottom up instead of top down share power freely share data Servant Leadership - ANSWER-Leadership type: focuses on providing increased service to others—meeting the goals of both followers and the organization—rather than to oneself. building relationships and developing skills of team members Modeling, mentoring, coaching Collaboration and participation Situational leadership - ANSWER-Leadership type: Effective leadership varies with the task in hand and situational leaders adapt their leadership style to each situation S1 - ANSWER-Part of situational leadership: Telling - leader in charge, one way comm. (helpful in disaster situations) S2 - ANSWER-Part of situational leadership: Selling - leader in chare, two way comm. (open to suggestions by others, cooperation) S3 - ANSWER-Part of situational leadership: Participation - leader utilizes shared decision making (leave decision to followers) S4 - ANSWER-Part of situational leadership: Delegating - leader involved but not responsible for task (Provide minimal Guidance) Situational Leader - ANSWER-Qualities of this type of leader: Diagnostic ability - insight, flexibility, problem solving Adaptability - to a particular situation Communicative ability - change style of comm. as needed

Appreciative inquiry - ANSWER-an organizational change strategy that directs the group's attention away from its own problems and focuses participants on the group's potential and positive elements Uses questioning Five Principles: Constructionist Simultaneity Poetic Anticipatory Positive Constructionist - ANSWER-Principle of Appreciative Inquiry Belief creates reality and interaction constructs situations and organization Simultaneity - ANSWER-Principle of Appreciative Inquiry Questions themselves promote change Poetic - ANSWER-Principle of Appreciative Inquiry Peoples own words create the life of the org. and cause emotions Anticipatory - ANSWER-Principle of Appreciative Inquiry people act currently in accordance to their beliefs about the future Postive - ANSWER-Principle of Appreciative Inquiry Change necessitates social cohesion and positive sentiments Appreciative Inquiry - ANSWER-Process - includes: Discovering: finding processes that are successful Dreaming: imagining processes that will be successful in the future Designing: developing processes that are effective Deploying: implementing ADKAR - ANSWER-Change management theory to deal with the people aspect of change Awareness Desire Knowledge Ability Reinforcement Awareness - ANSWER-ADKAR Understand the need for change ID a business need and build awareness Desire - ANSWER-ADKAR Overcome resistance and fear of change

EX: Leaders, incentives, and competition Restraining forces - ANSWER-forces that resist change EX: Poor attitudes, hostility, inadequate equipment, or insufficient funds Six Phases of Planned Change - ANSWER-Change Theory

  1. Understand the system, need for change determined
  2. diagnose problems, is change needed
  3. Obtain resources and develop solutions
  4. Select solution
  5. Garner acceptance, communication, education, support, monitor compliance
  6. stabilize the change, ongoing monitoring, change agent can seperate from process seven phases of planned change - ANSWER-Change Theory
  7. Org becomes aware, diagnose problem
  8. Change agent and org determine the motivation and capacity to change
  9. necessary change is identified
  10. goals established
  11. plan outlined and implemented - role of change agent identified
  12. change is accepted and stabilized across system
  13. parties to the change redefine their relationships based on new dynamics Kotters 8 Steps - ANSWER-Change theory: For small to system wide change, correspond to three main goals 1)create climate, 2) engage 3)implement Complete one step before the next Creating a Climate for change - ANSWER-Stage of Kotters change theory: Develop a sense of urgency Create a strong coalition team with mix of skills Develop a shared vision Engaging the organization and enable change - ANSWER-Stage of Kotters change theory: communicate the vision and need to key stakeholders empower individuals in the org to enable change focus on the accomplishment of ST goals initially Implementing change and taking steps to ensure stability - ANSWER-Stage of Kotters change theory: Persist in building change Incorporate and institutionalize change Transtheoretical Model - ANSWER-Model of behavior change that identifies six distinct stages people go through in altering behavior patterns; also called the stages of change model

Typically associated with health behavior change Stages: Precontemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance precontemplation stage - ANSWER-Transtheoretical Model stage stage of change in which people are unwilling to change their behavior in the next 6 months Not ready Pre - contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance contemplation stage - ANSWER-Transtheoretical Model stage stage of change in which people are considering changing behavior in the next 6 months Understands the costs and benefits of change preparation stage - ANSWER-Transtheoretical Model stage stage of change in which people are getting ready to make a change within the coming month Ready for change action Phase - ANSWER-Transtheoretical Model stage Stage of change where the person is modifying behavior Change occurs only if behavior meets a set of criteria (abstinence of... ) Maintenance phase - ANSWER-Transtheoretical Model stage works to maintain change and gains confidence that he/she will not relapse If relapse happens - move to earlier stages McKenzie 7S Framework - ANSWER-Change theory Seven different steps to carry out in the process of change Stress the importance of coordination Steps arranged in a circle around shared values rather than a hierarchy Weakness in one area could affect all others Strategic Planning Tool 7S - ANSWER-Framework for change: Strategy: Plan and steps to accomplish future goals - first step Structure: chain of command and other relationships Systems: all of the processes in the org that indicate how work is accomplished Shared values: the overall goal of the org Style: the culture of the org Staff: the workforce and talents, models of hiring, turnover, development

Use questioning to recognize problem areas provide demonstrations and opps for Q&A periods Provide regular progress reports Assist to est. personal goals for improvement Provide resources Mentoring - ANSWER-partnership to learn and reflect - through expertise

  1. Selection - should not e a direct supervisor
  2. Determine expectation - ground rules
  3. Competency development - work towards specific goals
  4. Guidance gives way to consultation - as confidence increases, provide assistance on request - increase independence
  5. Relationship resolved Precepting - ANSWER-•Role model, educator, socializer, friend and confidant •Model new skills, observe and help the new nurse with these skills and evaluate the new nurse accomplishing these skills Time limited relationship Provide adequate clinical supervision and guidance helps the student to understand impact on the spheres of influence (Pt, org, nurse) by including the student in all nursing activities Emotional Intelligence - ANSWER-Salovey a form of social intelligence that emphasizes the abilities to manage, recognize, use and understand emotions and use emotions to guide appropriate thought and action Can be used during decision making Theory of multiple intelligences - ANSWER-There are seven intelligences that people use to comprehend the world about them and to learn. Teaching should engage these intelligences Seven intelligences - ANSWER-1. Linguistics-eloquence, vocab, capacity of development
  6. Musical-performer, music appreciation
  7. Logics-Mathematical-understand math relations
  8. Spatial-think about space (athletes)
  9. Bodily-kinesthetic (athletes)
  10. Intrapersonal-awareness of self, feelings, thoughts, states
  11. Interpersonal-awareness of others, relationships Trait Model - ANSWER-Leadership model EI is not an ability but rather an aspect of personality Depends on personal insight and reporting Questionnaires examine facets (emotional management/perception/regulation/expression) Behavior results from personality, which influences beliefs, values and attitudes

Emotional Intelligence - ANSWER-Goleman requires self awareness, self regulation, social skills, empathy, and motivation Learned rather than innate requires social and emotional learning Social and emotional learning - ANSWER-begins in elementary school - where you were told to identify your feelings and understand how emotions impact behavior used to reduce bullying and violence in school Positional - ANSWER-power that comes from an individual's formal place within an organization's structure expert - ANSWER-power that is based on the special knowledge, skills, and expertise that a leader possesses referent - ANSWER-power that comes from subordinates' and coworkers' respect, admiration, and loyalty coercive - ANSWER-A power base that is dependent on fear of the negative results from failing to comply - withholding rewards reward - ANSWER-power that comes from the ability to provide rewards or favors Personal leadership evaluation - ANSWER-self reflection and assessment with a leadership self assessment tool self-reflection - ANSWER-Emotional intelligence concept: capacity to think about one's self as one would think about other persons and objects examine through processes, biases, and motivations "Why did I react that way?" "How could I have handled the situation better?" Internal dialogue or journaling Honesty is critical Integrating Diversity - ANSWER-Nurse Executive commitment to this includes: not try to change people but get them to be accepting of differences and not be judgmental Complete a personal cultural audit include in the vision and mission serve as a role model for the staff Promote education programs, including mentoring Integrating Diversity - ANSWER-Organizational commitment to this includes: Acceptance and responsiveness to diversity with ongoing inservice and training Multicultural advisory committee

Unrepeatable - ANSWER-a type of original communication that can never be repeated in the exact same way because communication process is dependent on the receiver Networking - ANSWER-interact with other people to exchange information and develop contacts, especially to further one's career. Professors/instructors Become involved in national organizations Participate in conferences Succession Planning - ANSWER-the process of identifying and tracking high-potential employees who will be able to fill top management positions when they become vacant May focus on both internal and external candidates Purpose is to not interrupt transitions Succession Planning - ANSWER-This process involves: first describe the behaviors, skills and leadership qualities necessary for the role then... integrate with strategy, involve top management, assess key talent, follow development practices, monitor/evaluate Power - ANSWER-the ability to take action even when others are resistant empowerment - ANSWER-psychological state in which one feels that personal competence is recognized and valued and that the person is allowed and encouraged to exercise power Includes self determination about aspects of work and recognition by others of competence and the impact of the person's decisions requires that the nurse executive share power All employees should have access to ed/training that promote problem solving approaches and self efficacy empowerment - ANSWER-Includes three structures:

  1. Opportunity - for advancement, and job enrichment
  2. power - access to information
  3. proportion - social composition of the employee workforce Nursing Strategic Plan - ANSWER-To align this the nurse executive must: begin early in the development stage cannot be successful if it is at odds with the org. plan esp if resources are needed develop in collaboration with org. leaders (HR/finance) based on thorough assessment of needs (gap analysis, surveys, and input from staff at all levels) SWOT analysis - ANSWER-part of strategic planning Can be used in any type of decision making Internal Environment: Strengths - financial stability, programs, services, staff, satisfaction

Weaknesses - increasing costs, outdated equipment, ineffective programs, marketing External Environment Opportunities - increased population, new programs, new markets, stakeholders Threats - low reimbursement, regulations, competition, political changes Strategic Planning - ANSWER-Org looks at the needs of the org, community, and customers and est. goals for the near future (2-4 years) and into the extended future (10-15 years). Must be based on assessment - int/ext Focus should be on development of services - based on identified customer needs and then marketing those services Strategic Planning - ANSWER-Steps to this includes:

  1. collecting data and analyzing customer needs
  2. analyzing internal services and functions
  3. ID and understanding key issues (SWOT)
  4. develop revised mission and vision statement that identifies core values
  5. establish specific goals and objectives Strategic Planning Quality - ANSWER-Promotes performance improvement Must begin at the top with a commitment to effecting change at all levels and to provide the financial resources to make these changes possible begin with clear definition of quality TQM should be at the center of all planning Include at lease: assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation plan should be documented with an action plan to ensure ongoing evaluation of the process Patient satisfaction - ANSWER-Analysis of this includes:
  6. Determining the pt/customers degree of trust
  7. determining the degree of satisfaction with care/treatment
  8. identifying needs that may be unmet
  9. identifying pt/customer priorities Vision Statement - ANSWER-This statement: expresses what the organization should become, where it wants to go strategically includes the commitment an org is making, future goals, followed by an explanation of terms "Hospital X will be the leader in providing quality patient centered care to the community to improve mental health of community members" Mission Statement - ANSWER-This statement is: a short, specific written statement of the current status of the org, the purpose of the org and its role in the community developed in response to data should include a commitment to quality and the need to serve the community

Product/services - ANSWER-Part of the business plan: is a Detailed description of product/service in business plan. Is there a need for patents/licenses, regulatory requirements Management - ANSWER-Part of the business plan: Explain the hierarchy in the business plan - division of duties, professional experience and education Market Survey - ANSWER-Part of the business plan discuss similar products/services, target groups, and projected market volume Marketing strategies - ANSWER-Part of the business plan: explain placement, promotion, and pricing organization - ANSWER-Part of the business plan: Describe structure of business, production capabilities, costs, QA, and inventory Timeline - ANSWER-Part of the business plan: Describe the timeline Risk factors - ANSWER-Part of the business plan that Describes both opportunites from gain and risk factors that may impact product/sales and methods to deal with risk factors Appendices - ANSWER-Part of the business plan: Provide sample forms and addition information Marketing - ANSWER-Steps to this include: First - determine objective and the target market (demographics) include different strategies SWOT is often done Benchmarking through tracking can provide useful data Build support - ANSWER-You must to this for the strategic plan: communication must begin prior to development of the plan all members of the org should be asked for input because staff members will often determine success benefits and concerns should be stressed involve key stakeholders and engage them to build support Reporting systems should be in place - dashboards so progress can be observed/charted current performance - ANSWER-You can do measure this by: establish benchmarks Establish baseline Current process must be accurately traced and outlined

Measuring and monitoring - ANSWER-This is needed for projects: Ongoing Evaluate progress or deviation against objectives Assess activities on the timeline - are they on schedule Assess risks and manage them Create a change control process Quality control measurements should be carried out and defect noted/corrected monitor performance of team members Complete performance reports and disseminate Elements of a Project Plan - ANSWER-purpose, scope, requirements, timeline, finances, quality control, resources, stakeholders, risks, communications, purchasing, and change response Gantt Chart - ANSWER-A time and activity bar chart that is used for planning, managing, and controlling major programs that have a distinct beginning and end. Helps manage schedules Critical Path Method - ANSWER-A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of scheduling flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model. identifies the earliest time a project can be completed critical chain scheduling - ANSWER-A method of scheduling that takes limited resources into account when creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date Program Evaluation - ANSWER-A method for analyzing the tasks involved in completing a given project, estimating the time needed to complete each task, and identifying the minimum time needed to complete the total project. Strategic Plan - ANSWER-These are the steps to implementing this:

  1. ID goals
  2. Create Guide
  3. Engage staff
  4. Align budget to the plan
  5. Conduct small tests of change/pilot studies
  6. Roll out
  7. Monitor and measure
  8. Modify Monitoring - ANSWER-Essential part of the action plan for performance evaluation:
  9. Compare current status with baseline data (baseline data should be used to set targets)
  10. should determine whether or not progress is being made

Nonmaleficence - ANSWER-do no harm HC workers should provide care in a manner that does not cause direct intentional harm to the patient -act must be good or morally neutral -intent must be only for a good effect -a bad effect cannot serve as the means to get to a good effect -a good effect must have more benefit than a bad effect has harm Decision Making - ANSWER-This ethical framework for this includes: Identify issues Clarify values Identify influences and barriers Utilize and apply ethical principles explore alternative solutions utilize collaboration, compromise, accommodation not coercion select and carry out solutions assess the process Bioethics - ANSWER-The study of ethics related to issues that arise in health care. Goal - determine the most morally correct action using the set of circumstances given Discussion and explanation can resolve differences environmental ethics - ANSWER-Human beliefs about what is right or wrong with how we treat the environment. Carbon footprint protection of the environment and prevention of damages all things, living and non living, are related and effect each other positively and negatively Environmental Ethics - ANSWER-Elements to applying this: reducing waste/recycling reducing heating/cooling through better construction practices provide appropriate waste management use env. friendly marterials identify alternative products prevent downstream pollution from medical waste ethical decision making - ANSWER-Steps to this include:

  1. Clarify the ethical dilemma
  2. Gather additional data
  3. Identify options
  4. Make a decision
  5. Act
  6. Evaluate

Corporate Compliance - ANSWER-1. A facility-wide program that comprises a system of policies, procedures, and guidelines that are used to ensure ethical business practices, identify potential fraudulence, and improve overall organizational performance Mandated by ACA if receiving CMS reimbursement Requires: Chief Compliance officer, written plan, internal controls, staff education, process to receive/respond to complaints and ensure confidentiality Privacy Act of 1974 - ANSWER-Federal act that: Restricts the way in which personal data can be used by federal agencies Individuals must be permitted access to information stored about them and may correct any information that is incorrect. Agencies must insure both the security and confidentiality of any sensitive information. Nursing Code of Ethics - ANSWER-a set of principles that reflect the primary goals, values, and obligations of the profession Principle 1 - ANSWER-ANA Code of Ethics: nurses treat all individuals with respect and consideration regardless of circumstances Principle 2 - ANSWER-ANA Code of Ethics: The nurses primary commitment is to the individual regardless of conflict that may arise Principle 3 - ANSWER-ANA Code of Ethics: the nurse promotes and advocates for the individuals health, safety, and rights maintaining privacy, confidentiality, and protecting them from questionable practices or care Principle 4 - ANSWER-ANA Code of Ethics: the nurse is responsible for his/her own care practices and determines appropriate delegation of care Principle 5 - ANSWER-ANA Code of Ethics: the nurse must retain respect for self and his/her own integrity and competence Principle 6 - ANSWER-ANA Code of Ethics: The nurse participates in ensuring that the HC env. is conducive to providing good health care and consistent with professional and ethical values Principle 7 - ANSWER-ANA Code of Ethics: The nurse participates in ed. and knowledge development to advance the profession Principle 8 - ANSWER-ANA Code of Ethics: the nurse collaborates with others to promote efforts to meet health needs Principle 9 - ANSWER-ANA Code of Ethics: