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NDHCB- MEDICAL EMERGENCIES UPDATED ACTUAL
EXAM 2025 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
During emergencies, how often should vital sign be taken? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Every 5 minutes What is the systolic measuring? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The hearts force on contraction What is the diastolic measuring? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The heart during relaxation How is pulse pressure measured? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> By subtracting the diastolic from the systolic Which blood pressure reading is pre-hypertensive? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 120 - 139/80- 89 mmHg Which blood pressure reading is Stage 1 Hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 140 - 159/90- 99 mmHg Which blood pressure reading is Stage 2 Hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 160 - 179/100-109 mmHg How often should a client's BP be checked that falls into the pre-hypertensive zone? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Once every year
When should a client's BP be re-checked if they fall into the Stage 1 Hypertensive zone? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> In 2 months What is the protocol for a client who's BP falls into the Stage 2 Hypertensive zone? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Referral to a physician within 1 month What is the protocol for a client if their BP reading is 180/110 mmHg? **- CORRECT ANSWER
** Refer to a physician for immediate care What is the proper name for a BP cuff? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Sphygomomanometer What is the name of the instrument that is used to listen to sounds? **- CORRECT ANSWER ** Stethoscope What is the 1st sound of the heart that is heard through the stethoscope? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Korotkoff or systolic What is the last sound of the heart that is heard through the stethoscope? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Diastolic When is body temperature the highest? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> In the afternoon When is body temperature the lowest? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> In the morning
Which conditions lower body temperature? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Starvation and shock What is a normal pulse rate in children? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 60 to 140 bpm
What is ASA 5 classified as? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Moribund client who is not expected to survive without surgery What is clinical death defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Cessation of the activity of the heart and breathing- may be reversible in 4 to 6 minutes with AED What is biologic death defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Cellular damage due to inadequate oxygen supply What are the steps in CPR? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> CAB- compressions, airway, breathing Where should a pulse be checked in children ages 1 to 12? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Femoral artery Where should a pulse be checked in infants? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Brachial artery How many compressions should be administered during CPR for children/teens and adults? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 30 compressions of 100 per minute depressing the sternum 2 inches Which hip should be elevated for pregnant patients to displace the uterus in supine position? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Right Where should the pads of an AED be placed on a client with a cardiac pacemaker? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 1 inch to the side When is the administration of oxygen encouraged? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Syncope, cardiac problems, respiratory difficulties
What should the dental hygienist do for a client with a mild airway obstruction? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Encourage coughing What should the dental hygienist do for a client with a severe airway obstruction? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Heimlich maneuver What feeling does a client experience during pre-syncope? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Warmth, tingling in toes, pallor How long is fainting/syncope for? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Less than 5 minutes What is the clinical management for a client who experiences syncope? **- CORRECT ANSWER
** Trendlenburg position- if a delayed recovery of 15 to 20 minutes contact EMS What is shock? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Circulatory system does not adequately circulate blood through body tissues What is hypovolemic shock, signs and symptoms, and what is the treatment for an emergency?
- CORRECT ANSWER >>> Caused by hemorrhage or dehydration; dehydration, rapid thready pulse, cool clammy skin, decreased urine output Tx- EMS, CAB, trendlenburg position What is anaphylactic shock, signs and symptoms, and what is the treatment for an emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Allergic reaction; bronchoconstriction, difficulty breathing, hypotension, respiratory arrest Tx- EMS, CAB, trendlenburg position
A client presents with a sudden onset of a dull chest pain that radiates to the shoulder lasting 10 minutes. What are they experiencing? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Angina pectoris What is the treatment for a client without a history angina pectoris during an emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Administer 1 to 2 sprays of nitroglycerin every 5 minutes- not exceeding 3 sprays in 15 minutes When should you not give a client nitroglycerin? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> If the client exhibits hypotension A client presents with a "crushing pressure" pain often radiates into the arm/neck/mandible and looks ashen-grey. What are they experiencing? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Myocardial infarction What is the treatment for a myocardial infarction? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Monitor vital signs every 5 minutes, administer nitroglycerin, administer 160-325 mg of aspirin What is the emergency treatment for a client experiencing congestive heart failure? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> EMS, CAB, perform blood phlebotomy (inflate BP cuff on 3 extremities for 5 to 10 minutes), administer nitroglycerin spray 2-3 every 5 to 10 minutes What is the emergency protocol for a cardiac arrest? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Activate EMS, supine position, CAB, debfibrillation What is the emergency treatment for delayed and immediate allergic reactions? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> CAB, anti-histamine and/or oxygen if severe. Call EMS if epinephrine is used. Broncho
How long does it take for an immediate allergic reaction to take place? **- CORRECT ANSWER
** Within 60 minutes What is the emergency treatment for generalized anaphylaxis? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> EMS, CAB, 0.3 mL 1:1000 epinephrine- another dose if client does not improve- 25 - 50 mg of antihistamine, 100 mg of corticosteroid What is the antihistamine used in the emergency treatment of generalized anaphylaxis? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Diphenhydramine What is the corticosteroid used in the emergency treatment of generalized anaphylaxis? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Hydrocortisone What is bisphasic anaphylaxis? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Anaphylaxia returns in 3 to 10 hours due to insufficient dose of medication What type of response is syncope and hyperventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Psychogenic What are the signs and symptoms of a toxic overdose? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Very talkative, agitated, anxious, confused, slurred speech What is the treatment for an emergency toxic overdose? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Administer oxygen and ask the client to hyperventilate If a client has used cocaine in the last 24 hours, what should NOT be administered? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Anesthetics containing epinephrine What is a lethal dose of fluoride for a small child? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 500 to 1000 mg
What is a staple sign and symptom of complex partial seizure? **- CORRECT ANSWER
** Purposeless movements Which phase of a seizure is marked by the presence of an aura? **- CORRECT ANSWER ** Prodromal Which phase of a seizure is the tonic-clonic phase? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Ictal
Which phase of a seizure is the most dangerous? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Postictal When is status epilepticus deemed? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> When a seizure lasts more than 5 minutes What type of diabetes is Type 1? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Insulin dependent What type of diabetes is Type 2? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Non-insulin dependent What is gestational diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Diabetes occurring due to pregnancy What are the signs and symptoms of someone in a diabetic coma/ketoacidosis? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> hyperglycermia, low insulin, fruity breath, most common with Type 1 diabetes; polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia What is a diabetic client treated on the basis of? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Conscious or unconscious
What are all diabetic emergencies treated on the basis of? **- CORRECT ANSWER
** Hypoglycemia If a diabetic client falls unconscious what is the protocol? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> EMS, CAB, 5% dextrose IV or 1 mg glucagon What is acute adrenal deficiency? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Adrenal gland is unable to produce cortisol What is the primary cause of adrenal deficiency? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Addison's disease What is the secondary cause of adrenal deficiency? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Unable to produce cortisol What is the prevention of an emergency adrenal deficiency scenario in the dental office? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Ask the client to take two to four times their normal dose of glucocorticosteroids on the day of the appointment What is the emergency treatment for an adrenal deficiency? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> EMS, CAB, oxygen, 100 mg of glucocorticosteroids or 4 mg of dethamexasone IV What can help prevent aspiration? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Use of a rubber dam What should the dental hygienist do if the client has aspirated something into the oropharyngeal area? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Lower the back of the chair, place client on their left side, encourage coughing What should the dental hygienist do if the client has aspirated something into the trachea? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> EMS, encourage coughing
