Download NCE/ CPCE Study Guide & Practice Test With Answers andRationales and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NCE/ CPCE Study Guide & Practice Test
With Answers andRationales
a group counselor uses techniques based on implosive therapy in her work. which theorist is responsible for implosive therapy? a. ellis b. beck c. janov d. stampfl - ANS d. stampfl - abreactive form of therapy often used with highly phobic clients. clients are induced to read or hear about or imagine frightening depictions of what might happen if they are forced to face their fear. idea is that the person will become desensitized a group counselor decides to make graphs of the psychological test data for all of her clients over the past year. when she plots the distribution of beck depression inventory data, she notices it it skewed to the left. which of the following statements is true if a distribution is skewed to the left? a. the mean is greater than the median b. the mean is less than the median c. the mean and median are the same d. the mode is the best measure of center - ANS b. the mean is less than the median - it means that although most of the scores are to the right of the distribution, there are a few low scores pulling the distribution to the left. the mean is most impacted by the extreme scores. Because the extreme scores in this dist. are low, the value of the mean will be made less than the value of the median Susie is playing with blocks and is trying to build a tower; she tries but cannot build a tower. Susie's mother helps her build a four-block tower. Later, Susie builds a four-block tower without her mother's help. According to Vygotsky, the inability to build the tower on her own is known as: a. scaffolding b. the zone of proximal development c. assisted discovery d. learning by imitation - ANS B. "Scaffolding" is a term used by Vygotsky that explains what Susie's mother is doing. She is adjusting her level of support to Susie based on Susie's level of performance. The zone
of proximal development involves a range of tasks that are too difficult for the child to do alone but possible to do with the help of adults or other, more-skilled children. "Assisted discovery" is another term used by Vygotsky to describe learning situations that a teacher sets up within a classroom so that children are guided into discovering learning. Learning
emphasizes some control but allows for some independence. The uninvolved parenting style rarely uses any control and the parent seems to be indifferent to the child's level of independence. In the permissive parenting style, the parents are typically overindulgent with the child. They exert very little control and are lenient when it comes to granting independence to the child.
Harry Harlow used baby monkeys and several different kinds of "surrogate mothers" to investigate which factors are important in early development and attachment. According to his findings, baby monkeys: a. preferred a soft terrycloth "mother" to a wire-mesh "mother" that held a bottle b. preferred a wire-mesh "mother" that held a bottle to a soft terrycloth "mother" c. showed no preference d. preferred neither "mother" - ANS A. In Harry Harlow's experiments, he found that baby monkeys preferred physical comfort to hunger satisfaction. In other words, the baby monkeys wanted to be close to a soft terrycloth "mother" rather than a wire-mesh "mother," even though the latter presented food. Therefore, attachment involves more than hunger satisfaction. It involves having close contact with a "loving" caregiver. Which of the following is a myth about suicide in the United States? a. Male suicide is four times higher than that among females. b. It occurs in age groups of 90 years and up. c. Psychiatrists, physicians, and dentists are most prone. d. Asking someone about suicide may push that person over the edge. - ANS D. If someone is thinking about suicide, asking that person about suicide will not plant the seed or push her into committing suicide. It is important that as a counselor, you ask clients about suicide so that they can get the help they need. It is necessary to assess suicidality whenever you suspect that someone is contemplating it or behaving in ways that may suggest that she is contemplating it. It is best practice to assess for suicidality at each session with your clients. Suicide knows no age boundaries. Females attempt suicide at a rate three times higher than males, but males are successful more often, usually because they use more lethal methods than females. Cody does what his parents say because he doesn't want to lose his television privileges. This is an example of what level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development? a. Integrity versus despair b. Preconventional c. Conventional d. Postconventional - ANS B. Integrity versus despair is one of the stages in Erickson's psychosocial developmental theory. Kohlberg postulated that in the first level, preconventional, individuals are concerned with consequences imposed upon them for wrongdoing. Thus, in the example, Cody wanted to avoid being punished by having his television privileges taken away. At the conventional level, an individual wants to conform to
Josie likes to play peek-a-boo with her little brother, Jack. According to Piaget, Jack finds this game fun because he has acquired , which is one of the primary tasks of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. a. conservation b. dual representation c. object permanence d. reversibility - ANS C. Piaget proposed that there are four stages of cognitive development. The first stage is the sensorimotor stage, whereby the infant or toddler recognizes that even though something is out of sight, it still exists. Piaget's second stage of cognitive development is the preoperational stage (early childhood years) in which children begin to recognize that something can be an object as well as a symbol (dual representation). The third stage of cognitive development according to Piaget is called the concrete operational stage, during which children 6 to 11 years old develop the capacity of both conservation (object permanence, or the understanding that physical characteristics of objects remain the same even if the appearance is different) and reversibility (the ability to think through a series of steps and then to reverse the process mentally). The theorist associated with bonding and attachment is: a. Bowlby b. Adler c. Freud d. Piaget - ANS A. When you think about attachment and bonding, think about John Bowlby (1907- 1990). Adler is associated with birth order and family constellation, while Freud is associated with psychosexual development. Piaget is associated with cognitive development. Henry, a 72 - year-old widower, reminisces with his daughter about his life. He talks about his successes and regrets. This is an example of Erikson's: a. intimacy stage b. generativity stage c. industry stage d. ego integrity stage - ANS D. One of the clues in this example is Henry's age. Another clue is Henry's discussion about his life successes and regrets, not finding another mate, being successful in school, or contributing to society. Erikson's generativity stage involves middle- aged adults who are
launching their children, dealing with an empty nest, and working toward retirement. His ego integrity stage involves older adults who review their lives, looking at successes and regrets. When it comes to displaying aggression, girls more often engage in aggression than boys.
you are treating a client who is receiving counseling through his companies EAP. the employees supervisor calls you because he is curious as to how the counseling is progressing. in this situation, you can let the supervisor know how the clients counseling is progressing: - ANS only if the employee has signed a waiver of confidentiality/release of information form
a career counselor believes that ones environment and ones biology are both influential in determining a persons career choice and performancec only when considered in the context of ones culture. which developmental theorist would this counselor be MOST likely to agree with? - ANS Bronfenbrenner - he is considered a cultural context theorist and believes that cultureis very important in developmetn and is one of the distiguishing features of humans. note the question only asks for a DEVELOPMENTAL theorist even though it is in a career counseling setting. bronfenbrenner is not a career theorist. you are working as a group counselor. you prefer a laissez-faire leadership style. after a few sessions, the group starts exhibiting tension and dissent. what should you do? - ANS Become more directive. although a laissez-faire leader might prefer the group to work out the problems themselves, tension and dissent would require the leader to take on a more directive role in order to manage the overall group process you are working as a family therapist and are referred a new family as a client. the family includes two parents, two sons, and one daughter. when the referal is made you learn that incest between the father and daughter is the primary issue for this family. whom should you include in therapy - ANS the mother, father, and all three children often, counselors refer to erikson's eight stages of psychosocial developmentwhen considering the developmental progress of clients. which of the following describes the frame of erikson's model? - ANS the eight stages occur throughout a persons life span program evaluations are used in most large educational, governmental, and social programs. which statement best explains why program evaluations are necessary? a. prog evals are the only method available for accurately assessing prog effectiveness b. prog evals make more sense to the general public than confusing statistical data c. without prog evals, programs cannot meet their goals d. prog evals help maintain accountability standards - ANS d. prog evals help maintain accountability standards a career counseling client reports that he performs best at work in the presence of other people. when he is alone he doesnt perform as well. what is he experiencing? - ANS social facilitation you are seeing a family in counseling for the first time. it comes to your attention that there is a history of mental disorders in the family. you dtermine that you need to take a family history. what should you do? - ANS schedule a session as early as possible for taking a family history
In the context of professional licensure for counselors, reciprocity refers to... - ANS A its own professional counselors. a junior high school counselor gives an IQ test to a 13 year old student. The student scores very high on the test. The counselor would expect the student to have: - ANS Average athletic ability. Notice that the question asked what the counselor would "expect" there is no consistent correlation between IQ and athletic ability. If there is no correlation between the two variables, then you would expect the mean. The best answer then, is average athletic ability because if you know absolutely nothing about a person, you would expect them to be average. in a group therapy setting, the group leader uses catharsis to promote members resolutions of unconscious conflict and the acquisition of improved management skills. the group described is most likely: a. counseling b. psychotherapy c. personal growth d. self-help - ANS psychotherapy group a counselor believes that both biology and environment are important in determining a persons development and functioning. the counselor believes that culture and environment act togetherwith each other to impact the individual. the counselor would most likely agree with the views of which of the following theorists? a. environmental learning theory b. biological maturational theory c. interactional theory d. cultural context theory - ANS Interactional theory. the key words are "acts together" one group member remarks to anther group member "I enjoyed watching you interact today. you taught me a lot of great techniques." this is an example of a. hope b. information c. universality d. imitation - ANS information. the group member has only received information from the other group member, it would be imitation only if the one member actually performs the techniques a career counselor gives all of her new clients a measure of career maturity that scores people on a 100 point scale from 1-100. after collecting data on over 100 clients, she notices that the scores are normally distributed. the mean score is 65, indicating a level licensing agency accepting the licensing standards of another agency as sufficient for
of moderate career maturity. the standard deviation of scores is 10. based on this information, she would expect that 68% of scores would be between: - ANS 55 and 75. 68% of scores will be one SD above and one SD below
a. the victim was in an adjoining room so the "teacher" heard every sound the victim made b. two experimenters had conflicting demands about the continuation of the experiment c. the person ordering them to continue was an ordinary man, apparently another volunteer d. the subject worked with peers who refused to go further in the procedure - ANS A. You can consider this logically. If you could hear another person crying or in distress,
you would want to stop what you were doing in order to get the person to stop crying. Although having conflicting information being given to you would probably get you to think twice about it, you would not discontinue what you were doing. You would be confused. Milgram's team found that having someone who looked like an "authority" figure had an influence, but the opposite was not found to lead to disobedience. Subjects continued "teaching" in the "authority" and "nonauthority" situations. In the Stanford prison simulation, male college students agreed to participate in an experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that. a. within a short time the prisoners became distressed and panicky, with accompanying emotional and physical ailments b. a small percentage of the guards became tyrannical and abusive in order to maintain the social structure of the prison c. the "tough but fair" guards urged the tyrannical guards to lighten up on the prisoners d. all of the prisoners and the guards became harsh and abusive - ANS C. It was the social context that determined the behaviors of both the guards and the prisoners. In the Stanford prison study, the setting was so realistic that the participants became guards and prisoners. In what ways do stereotypes distort reality? a. Stereotypes exaggerate the differences that exist between groups. b. Stereotypes exaggerate the differences that exist within groups. c. Stereotypes produce many differing perceptions by many people. d. Stereotypes demonstrate that members of a group can be different. - ANS A. The key word here is "distort." As you attempt to answer this question, you need to think about how stereotypes distort the truth in negative ways. The most reasonable answer is that stereotypes distort one's ideas about how one group is so different from another group. In reality, the differences between groups are not as extreme as stereotypes make them out to be. People of differing cultures are not so different from people from another culture. It has been found that people are people, and we are more alike than dissimilar. Jennifer has to choose between spending the evening at home with her parents or spending the evening babysitting her younger sister. Jennifer does not like either of these choices. This situation describes an: a. approach-avoidance conflict b. avoidance-avoidance conflict c. approach-approach conflict
best of thebest. In an approach-avoidance conflict, an individual both likes and dislikes a choice. Connie tells each of her clients that the best way she can help them is to attempt to look at the world from the client's point of view. This counselor is taking the perspective. a. etic b. alloplastic c. emic d. autoplastic - ANS C. From a multicultural perspective, an emic view considers that an individual's culture matters. On the other hand, an etic view considers that people are people no matter where they come from or what their cultural background is. You might think about this distinction as emic = culture matters, and etic = total world. The distinction between autoplastic and alloplastic is that the former believes in the efficacy of changes taking place within the individual, while the latter believes in making changes in the environment. Think about it this way: When you drive an automobile, you are the operator, you're in charge. Working with individuals from different cultures requires that the counselor: a. have sensitivity to the needs of the individuals b. make a referral to another counselor c. have knowledge about the different cultures d. Both A and C. - ANS D. It is not necessary that a counselor refer a client from another culture to another counselor. What is important is that the counselor demonstrates sensitivity to the needs of that client and has some knowledge about other cultures. A high standard of counseling practice when working with diverse populations involves all of the following EXCEPT: a. treating all clients the same way b. acknowledging and confronting their own biases and prejudices c. adapting one's knowledge and skills to meet the clients' needs d. educating oneself as completely as possible regarding the clients' cultural context - ANS A. The answer is pretty straightforward when you consider the other choices. The most appropriate standard of care for a counselor who works with multicultural clients is to treat each client individually. When working with individuals from different cultures, the effective counselor may not:
a. use language similar to the client's b. maintain good eye contact at all times c. be cognizant of the context d. honor religious beliefs - ANS B. This question could trip you up if you are not aware of the cultural differences
