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Define Reasonable suspicion (RAS): The minimum level of objective justification more than a hunch but less than probable cause. Define Probable cause (PC): The facts and circumstances within the officer's knowledge and of which the officer had reasonably trustworthy information were sufficient to warrant a prudent person in believing that the suspect had committed or was committing an offense. What is the Legal Standard for an Investigative Stop? Reasonable Suspicion During an investigative stop, if the officer can articulate that his safety is in jeopardy and the suspect may be armed, he may______________ the subject. Frisk
A private citizen may detain an offender if the citizen has probable cause to believe the offender committed what?
- Felony Offense
- A breach of peace
- An offense involving physical injury to another person or;
- An offense involving theft or destruction of property. May a private citizen assist a Law Enforcement officer? Yes but they don't have to. Arrest Warrants are: Valid thru-out the state Issued and signed by a judicial official Names or Describes the defendant Must be returned after 180 days if not served but still valid after that If electronic warrant than printed copy must be destroyed after 24 hours if not served Without a warrant for offenses committed out of the presence of the officer, the officer may arrest any person if the officer has PROBABLE CAUSE to believe what?
What is a Criminal Summons? Charges a crime and orders the accused to appear in court on a designated time and date to answer the charges against him. What is a Magistrate Order? A document that charges someone with a criminal offense. A traffic citation may be converted into a magistrates order What is an order for arrest? Process issued by a judicial officer that orders law enforcement to take a named person into custody. What is a Citation? A directive issued by a LEO that a person appears in court and answer a misd. or infraction charge or charges. Entering Private residences to arrest without consent or exigent circumstances, the arresting officer must: have an arrest warrant in his possession and probable cause to believe the defendant is inside
What are the factors to consider in determining if exigent circumstances exists?
- Hot pursuit of a suspect
- Danger to the public or Law Enforcement officers outside or inside the dwelling if an immediate warrantless entry is not made
- The need to prevent the imminent destruction of evidence
- The need to prevent the imminent destruction of evidence
- Whether the subject is armed
- The gravity of the offense for which the suspect is being arrested for Statute for Use of Non-Deadly force: G.S. 15A-401(d)(1) Use of Non-Deadly Force It May be used when it is REASONABLY NECESSARY to: *Prevent the escape from custody or effect the arrest of a person who he reasonably believes has committed a criminal offense *Defend himself or a third person from what he reasonably believes to be the use or imminent use of physical force while effecting or attempting to arrest or while preventing or attempting to prevent an escape
Asking a child questions (i.e. to translate) In some Native American cultures, what is seen as disrespectful and impolite? Asking questions to elders Utilizing Voice commands in Law Enforcement are used to do what? Project Control and Direct Actions What are the Strategies to Enhance Active Listening? Paraphrasing, Reflecting or Mirroring, Open-Ended Questions, Minimal Encouragers, Silence, "I" Message, Emotional Labeling The content of what you are verbalizing accounts for ______ of what the receiver processes. Approximately 7-10% The voice that carries our message accounts for ________ of what the receiver processes as he or she hears it. Approximately 33-40%
Other nonverbal clues account for ________ of how the receiver processes the message you are delivering. Approximately 50-60% ______ percent of your success with people has to do with your delivery and only the slightest percent has to do with what you actually said. 93% What are the four characteristics of Translation?
- Content
- Coding
- Sending
- Decoding What is Intimate Location? Very close distance of conversation used for intimate parties, around 1 foot What is Personal Location? Distance which is kept for normal casual interactions, around 2 feet
What total Cholesterol Level is a major risk factor? 200+ What is the Ideal Cholesterol Ratio for Men and Women? Men: < 4. Women: < 3. What determines High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)? 140/90 + on two separate occasions OR someone taking BP meds is hypertension Every US Adult should accumulate how much exercise? 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on more, preferably all days of the week What BMI is classified as overweight? 25+ What BMI is classified as obese? BMI 30+
Obesity is defined as roughly how many pounds over a healthy weight? 30+ Define Diabetes a fasting blood glucose of greater than 125 on two separate occasions How often should you get out of your patrol car and move around? at least once every 20-30 minutes What is the primary cause of heat injuries? Humidity What are the different sources of stress? Physical Mental Emotional Social
Define saturated fats Animal Fats Solid at room temperature Associated with an increase in cholesterol Fatty acid cannot hold anymore hydrogen atoms Define unsaturated fats Plant Fats Liquid at room temperature Polyunsaturated and Mono-unsaturated Not associated with cholesterol increase but do contribute to body fat Define Trans Fat Specific type of fat formed when liquid oils are made into solid fats How many calories do Fats provide per gram? 9 calories per gram RDA states Fats should comprise how much of daily calories?
Define Nonessential Amino Acids 11 amino acids can be synthesized by the human body, but do not need to be consumed in the diet Define Essential Amino Acids 9 of the amino acids are necessary for diet because the body cannot manufacture them The average American diet provides how many times more protein than the body needs? 2 - 3 times How many calories do Proteins provide per gram? 4 calories per gram RDA states Proteins should comprise how much of daily calories? 10 - 35%
How much protein is needed daily? 5 - 6.5 ounces daily Define Aerobic Exercise the primary fuel source is fat. As a fuel source, the benefit of fat is that it can be supplied for a long period. However, fat requires the presence of oxygen to be broken down into usable form Define Anaerobic Exercise The fuel source is carbohydrates. Carbs are readily available and can be utilized without the benefits of oxygen Define "FIT" Frequency, Intensity and Duration (or time), The 3 factors to determine the amount of aerobic exercise necessary to get desired effects An aerobic exercise period (not including warm up/cool down) should be how long? 30 - 45 minutes How many officers are killed per year by subjects?
Approx. how many officers are killed per year by heart disease? 2, An officer is how many times more likely to be killed by heart disease than by a subject? 21 What is the third most common cause of LODDs behind firearm assaults and car crashes? CHD Crime Fighter
- warrior mindset
- citizens are the enemy
- emphasis on speed and finality
- "conveyor belt" Public Servant
- due process model
How many Major Groups of Unethical Behavior in Law Enforcement are there? 6 What are the common drivers of unethical behavior?
- Noble Cause Corruption
- "The Blue Curtain" / Code of Silence
- Slippery Slope / "Mama Rosa's Test" What is the Noble Cause Corruption? The rationalization that the "end" of crime fighting justifies "means" that might be otherwise illegal or unethical a) the belief that legal technicalities made the job impossible b) the belief that the offender was guilty What is the "The Blue Curtain" / Code of Silence? covering another officer and his/her mistakes
What is the Slippery Slope? helping corruptions while on duty; money, drugs, and more What is the "Mama Rosa's Test"? see what you do when put to the test People in many Western Cultures value direct eye contact as a what? Sign of sympathy or respect Define Nonassertive: behavior is passive and indirect. It allows the wants, needs, and right of others to be more important than our own, inferior, creates a lose-win Define Aggressive: can be either passive or aggressive, can be direct or indirect, honest or dishonest, but it always communicates an impression of superiority and disrespect. It puts our own wants, needs, and right above those of others, creates a win-lose Define Assertive
