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NBRC SDS EXAM 202 5 REAL 330 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+/NEWEST 2025
What is the minimum and preferred sampling rate? - SOLUTION>
Min 200Hz; Preferred 500Hz Which respiratory equipment is used to measure apneas? - SOLUTION> Thermistor/thermocouple What are some common troubleshooting issues for the thermistor? - SOLUTION> >Warm the room, remove fan, moisture on the sensor, battery needs to be changed What is considered the gold standard for measuringrespiratory effort?
- SOLUTION> >RIP belts What equipment is used to measure RERAs and Hypopneas?
- SOLUTION> >nasal pressure transducer (PTAF) What is some common troubleshooting issues for the PTAF? - SOLUTION>
rhinorrhea, position of the sensor, mouthbreathing, LFF can cause a dampened waveform Normal ETCO2 in mmHg and percent - SOLUTION> >30 torrand 3-5% What are common issues that can affect the TCOM reading? - SOLUTION> >skin thickness, anemia, decreased perfusion How do you calibrate the TCOM? - SOLUTION> >with RA What will happen to the readings if the TCOM has a leak? - SOLUTION> PO2 will increase to room PO2, PCO2 will decrease to zero The snore mic is used to detect what? - SOLUTION> Bruxism What are the scores of Epworth Sleepiness scale? - SOLUTION> > 0 - 5 low-normal daytime sleepiness 6 - 10 high-normal daytime sleepiness 11 - 12 Mild EDS 13 - 15 Moderate EDS 16+ Severe EDS
What is an important factor to consider when dealing with a patient with PTSD - SOLUTION> >Ask how is the best wayto wake them up during the night if needed What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system - SOLUTION>
fight or flight what is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system - SOLUTION> controls smooth muscle What is the pacemaker for circadian rhythm in the brain - SOLUTION> suprachiasmatic nucleus What effect on sleep does a decrease in dopamine have? - SOLUTION> decrease sleep If the distance between 2 R waves is less than 3-5 large blocks, the rate is
If the distance between 2 R waves is between 3-5 large
blocks, the rate is - ANSWER >>>>Normal
- SOLUTION> >greater than 90bpm (tachycardia) If the distance between 2 R waves is greater than 3-5 large blocks, the rate is
- SOLUTION> >less than 60bpm (bradycardia) What is the formula for estimating HR on ECG - SOLUTION>
300/(# of large blocks btwn R waves) What are the causes and treatment of sinus tach - SOLUTION> hypoxemia, pain, stressoxygen What are common causes and treatment of sinus brady - SOLUTION> >blood loss, infection of heart, OSAtreat underlying cause What are common treatments for PVCs - SOLUTION> oxygen, lidocaine What is bigeminy - SOLUTION> >PVC every other beat
This rhythm occurs when multiple ectopic foci are firing almost continuously and produces an irregular baseline with no visible p waves and irregular QRS complexes - SOLUTION>
Atrial fibrillation Cardiac infarction is diagnosed by - SOLUTION> >significantq waves Which heart block is identified by prolonged P-R interval? - SOLUTION> 1st degree AV block Which heart block is characterized by increasingly longer PR intervals until a
missing QRS - SOLUTION> >2nd degree AVblock Mobitz 1 (Wenchebach) longer, longer, longer, drop, then you got a wenchebach Which heart block is characterized by missing QRS - SOLUTION>
2nd degree AV block Mobitz II If some P's don't get through, you have a mobitz type 2 Which Heart block is characterized by an atrial rate greater than 60, and a ventricular rate less than 40? The PR interval cannot be determined and the QRS is widened - SOLUTION>
3rd degree AV block If P's & Q's dont agree, then you have a 3rd degree What is the most common cup electrode? - SOLUTION> Gold plated silver electrodes (they require less maintanence than silver-sliver chlorideelectrodes) What is the most accurate method to measure intrathoracic breathing effort - SOLUTION> >esophageal pressure Frequency is measured in , and is a unit of 1 cycleper second - SOLUTION> >hertz The height of the waveform (measured in mV or uV) - SOLUTION> amplitude Increases or decreases the signal size of the amplifier signal - SOLUTION> >Gain Determines the amplitude of the pen deflection - SOLUTION> sensitivity
What is the opposition to current - SOLUTION> >Impedance(resistance) Provides a path from the patient to earth - SOLUTION>
Grounding If not correctly grounded, the patient may receive what - SOLUTION> Current (shock) An unwanted current in a circuit that connects 2 points - SOLUTION> ground loop How can a ground loop be avoided - SOLUTION> >connectall equipment to a common ground point What are 4 sources of leakage current - SOLUTION> >earthenclosure patient patient auxillary (gradual loss from charged capacitor) What is a lethal macro shock - SOLUTION> >>100-300mAusually causes v fib The lower the skin resistance (wet skin) the
the shock - SOLUTION> >Greater Which patients are at the greatest risk for a micro shock? - SOLUTION> >those with indwelling catheters or pacemakers State Ohm's law - SOLUTION> >V=current x resistancecurrent is labeled "i" How much voltage is required to move a current measuring 5.6 amperes through a simple circuit containing a resistanceof 3.85 ohms? - SOLUTION>
V=current x resistance 5.6x3.85=21.560 volts Process of rejecting or removing any similar informationbetween G1 and G2 - SOLUTION> >Common mode rejection (CMRR) What type of therapy is used to treat delayed sleep phase syndrome - SOLUTION> >light therapy What is the minimum lux needed for light therapy to be effective - SOLUTION> 2500 lux (most patients use 10,000 lux)
Equipment attached to the nondominate arm that records patient motion or
FZ to CZ CZ to PZPZ to OZ T3 to C3C3 to CZ CZ to C C4 to T4 - SOLUTION> >20% Distance in electrode placementsNasion to FpZ preauricular to T preauricular to T Inion to OZ - SOLUTION> >10% Distance in EEG electrode placements Fp2 to F F4 to C4 C to P4 P4 to O2 Fp1 to F3F3 to C C3 to P P3 to O1 - SOLUTION> >25% Distance in EEG electrode placements around head with theexception of:
FpZ to F1 & F2; Oz to O1 & O2 (these are 5%) - SOLUTION>
10% EOG electrode placement - SOLUTION> >R eye 1 cm upand 1 cm out L eye 1 cm down and 1 cm out How many chin electrodes are typically used - SOLUTION> 3 - 2 are necessary and one is a backup for referencing What is the proper placement for leg EMG - SOLUTION> > 2 electrodes on the anterior tibialis muscle on each leg 2-3 cm apart ECG lead used during sleep - SOLUTION> >lead II Gold standard used to determine the presence and severity ofGERD - SOLUTION> >Esophageal pH testing Proper esophageal ph catheter placement - SOLUTION> 5cm above the upper border of the lower esophagealsphincter The sampling rate must be at least twice the signal bandwith - SOLUTION>
sensitivity 7uV/mm sampling rate 500Hz LFF, HFF, Sensitivity and sampling rate of respiratorychannels (nasal flow, thoracic, abdominal) - SOLUTION>
LFF 0.1HzHFF 15Hz sensitivity 7uV/mm sampling rate 100Hz Sampling rate of pulse oximetry - SOLUTION> >25Hz Calibrations performed at the beginning and end of the study to assure the signals of the amplifier to the recorder are valid - SOLUTION> >Amplifier calibrations two like signals cancelling each other out - SOLUTION> CMRR
Allows higher frequencies to pass unchanged while filtering lower frequencies by decreasing the amplitude - SOLUTION>
Low frequency filters (high pass filter) Primarily used to attenuate slow activity that may be considered artifact in EEG, EOG, and EMG channels - SOLUTION> >LFF What intervention should be attempted before making adjustment to the LFF - SOLUTION> >cool the patient The time in seconds it takes for a waveform to drop to 37% ofits calculated amplitude - SOLUTION> >time constant The lower the LFF, the the time constant - SOLUTION> >longer Used to attenuate higher frequencies but doesnt affect the amplitude of slower frequencies; mainly used to attenuate muscle artifact in the EEG channels - SOLUTION> >Highfrequency filter (low pass filter)
Causes of Cheyne stokes breathing - SOLUTION> >CSA,meningitis, drug overdose, increased ICP, damage to the respiratory center, CHF Increased respiratory rate and depth with irregular periods ofapnea. Each breath has the same depth - SOLUTION>
Biot's (Ataxic) Increased respiratory rate and increased depth with breathingsounding labored - SOLUTION> >Kussmaul's Series of slow deep breaths, each one held for 30 - 90 seconds
- SOLUTION> >Apneustic Causes of biot's (ataxic) breathing - SOLUTION> >CNSproblem, meningitis Causes of Kussmaul's breathing - SOLUTION> >metabolicacidosis, renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis causes of apneustic breathing - SOLUTION> >problems withthe respiratory center, head trauma or tumor
Complete cessation of airflow at the mouth and nose >= 90%, lasting 10 seconds caused by an obstruction - SOLUTION>
Obstructive apnea Minimum oxygen desaturation to score apnea - SOLUTION> None Most effective treatment for OSA - SOLUTION> >PAP Ultimate SOLUTION for OSA (cure) - SOLUTION> tracheostomy complete cessation of airflow at the mouth and nose >=90% with no chest or abdomen movement, lasting >=10 seconds - SOLUTION> >Central apnea Causes of CSA - SOLUTION> >brain stem disorders,PARKINSON'S, CHF, sleeping at high altitudes Treatment for CSA - SOLUTION> >oxygen or BPAP (CPAPdoesnt treat true Central apneas) or ASV
