Download NBRC EXIT EXAMS (2 VERSIONS) NBRC TMC/CRT/RRT EXAM 1 &2 2025/2026 UPDATE/PRACTICE QS & AS and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NBRC EXIT EXAMS (2 VERSIONS) NBRC TMC/CRT/RRT EXAM 1
&2 2025/2026 UPDATE/PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS ASSURED GRADED A+!!!
What is normal urine output? - CORRECT ANSWER- 40mL per hour or 1 Liter per
day.
Where does sensible water loss occur? - CORRECT ANSWER- Through the urine
or vomiting, Diarrhea.
Where does insensible water loss occur? - CORRECT ANSWER- Through the skin
or exhalation.
What is normal Central venous pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER- 2 to 6 mmHg
What should you recommend for patients with an elevated CVP? - CORRECT
ANSWER- Diuretics
What should you recommend for a patient with a low CVP? - CORRECT
ANSWER- Fluids.
The abbreviation ADL stands for? - CORRECT ANSWER- Activities of daily living.
Signs - CORRECT ANSWER- Things you can see or measure
symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER- Subjective information (The patient must tell
you)
Pack years - CORRECT ANSWER- Packs per day multiplied by the number of
years.
Advanced directives are? - CORRECT ANSWER- documents that provide
instructions incase the patient is unable to. These instructions should be notarized and copies given to the family and physician.
If a patient has a DNI order you can still? - CORRECT ANSWER- Provide non
invasive ventilation ( BiPAP)
A durable power of attorney allows? - CORRECT ANSWER- A person to make
decisions for the patient.
What is Orthopnea? - CORRECT ANSWER- Difficulty breathing while laying flat.
Often seen in CHF patients.
Cyanosis is caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER- Reduced oxyhemoglobin.
How much oxyhemoglobin loss is required to cause cyanosis? - CORRECT
ANSWER- 5 Grams.
Barrel chest is caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER- Air trapping in the lungs for long
periods of time.
Cheyne stokes respirations - CORRECT ANSWER- gradually increasing then
decreasing rate and depth with periods of apnea.
Biot's respirations - CORRECT ANSWER- Increased rate and depth with irregular
periods of apnea. Each breath has the same depth.
Kussmauls respirations - CORRECT ANSWER- Fast and Deep
The normal muscles of ventilation are? - CORRECT ANSWER- The Diaphragm and
external intercostals.
Retractions and nasal flaring mean? - CORRECT ANSWER- An obstructed airway.
What is macroglossia? - CORRECT ANSWER- an enlarged tongue.
What is the most common cause of tachycardia? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Hypoxemia.
How much change in heart rate signifies an adverse reaction. - CORRECT
ANSWER- A change of 20bpm indicates an adverse reaction.
What is pulsus paradoxus? - CORRECT ANSWER- A pulse or blood pressure that
varies during respiration.
What is tactile fremitus? - CORRECT ANSWER- Vibrations that can be felt on the
chest wall. Such as rhonchi, pleural rubbing, vocal.
What is crepitus? - CORRECT ANSWER- Bubbles of air under the skin that can be
palpated (Subcutaneous emphysema)
A resonant chest percussion is? - CORRECT ANSWER- Normal sound
A flat or dull sound during chest percussion indicates? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Fluid or solid.
A tympanic or hyperresonant sound during chest percussion indicates? -
CORRECT ANSWER- Air in the pleural space.
An ET tube should be positioned how many centimeters above the carina? -
CORRECT ANSWER- 2 to 6 centimeters above the carina. Or at the level of the
aortic arch or notch.
A lateral neck xray will help determine? - CORRECT ANSWER- Croup or
Epiglottitis.
A steepling on an xray indicates? - CORRECT ANSWER- Croup or subglottic
swelling.
A thumb print on an xray indicates? - CORRECT ANSWER- Epiglottitis. The thumb
print is caused by supraglottic swelling or swelling of the glottis.
A butterfly pattern or batwing pattern on a xray indicates? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Pulmonary edema.
Ground glass on an xray indicates? - CORRECT ANSWER- ARDS
Blunting of the costophrenic angles on an xray indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Pleural effusions or fluid, atelectasis.
Air bronchograms on an xray are often seen in what conditions? - CORRECT
ANSWER- Atelectasis, Pneumonia, ARDS.
CT scans should be used to find? - CORRECT ANSWER- Tumors or pulmonary
emboli. ... Not pneumonia.
Pneumonia can be seen with what kind of imaging? - CORRECT ANSWER- An X
ray.
Normal Intracranial pressure value is? - CORRECT ANSWER- 5 to 10 mmHg
How does hyperventilating a patient decrease ICP? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Hyperventilation causes vasoconstriction, temporarily decreases ICP.
Normal Red blood cell count? - CORRECT ANSWER- 5 mill/mm
Normal Hemoglobin? - CORRECT ANSWER- 12 - 16 g/100 mL blood.
Normal Hematocrit is? - CORRECT ANSWER- 40 - 50%
What is polycythemia? - CORRECT ANSWER- An increase in hemoglobin,
hematocrit, and RBC.
Normal White blood cell range? - CORRECT ANSWER- 5 to 10 thousand per mm
Green sputum is indicative of? - CORRECT ANSWER- Gram negative bacteria
(pseudomonas)
What type of test is used to evaluate TB? - CORRECT ANSWER- Acid fast staining.
Normal clotting time is? - CORRECT ANSWER- up to six minutes.
Normal Troponin levels are? - CORRECT ANSWER- Less than 0.1 ng/ mL
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is associated with? - CORRECT ANSWER- Helps
determine if the patient's symptoms are the result of CHF or COPD.
BUN Levels - CORRECT ANSWER- Greater than 300 pg/mL indicate mild heart
failure Greater than 600 indicate moderate greater than 900 indicate severe
Normal sodium levels are? - CORRECT ANSWER- 135 - 145 mEq/L
Normal Potassium levels are? - CORRECT ANSWER- 3.5-4.5 mEq/L
Normal Chloride levels are? - CORRECT ANSWER- 80 - 100 mEq/L
What does a sputum culture identify? - CORRECT ANSWER- The type of bacteria
present.
What does sputum sensitivity identify? - CORRECT ANSWER- the type of
antibiotics that will kill the bacteria.
What are mucoid secretions? - CORRECT ANSWER- White/ gray commonly from
chronic bronchitis.
What causes yellow secretions? - CORRECT ANSWER- Yellow is caused by the
presence if Eosinophils, or bacterial infection.
What causes green secretions? - CORRECT ANSWER- Caused by stagnant
sputum, gram negative bacteria. Pseudomonas, bronchiectasis
Pink frothy sputum is most likely from? - CORRECT ANSWER- pulmonary edema.
Normal platelet count is? - CORRECT ANSWER- 150,000-400,000/mm
Normal prothrombin time is? - CORRECT ANSWER- 12 - 15 seconds.
Transcutaneous monitors are heated to around? - CORRECT ANSWER- 43 - 45
degrees Celsius.
Hemodynamics refer to? - CORRECT ANSWER- Circulation and perfusion
Common vasodilators for the treatment of hypertension are? - CORRECT
ANSWER- ACE inhibitors (Lisinopril, perindopril)
Direct vasodilators (Nitroprusside, hydralazine)
Normal cardiac output is? - CORRECT ANSWER- 4 - 8 L/ min.
Normal systemic vascular resistance is? - CORRECT ANSWER- < 20 mmHg/L/min
or 1600 Dynes
Normal pulmonary vascular resistance is? - CORRECT ANSWER- <2.
mmHg/L/min or 200 Dynes
Acronym for obstructive lung diseases - CORRECT ANSWER- CBABE
Cystic fibrosis Bronchitis
Asthma Bronchiectasis Emphysema
A normal A-a gradient on 100% is what torr? - CORRECT ANSWER- 25 - 65 torr
An A-a gradient of 66 - 300 means? - CORRECT ANSWER- The patient has a V/Q
mismatch
An A-a gradient of greater than 300 means? - CORRECT ANSWER- The patient
has a shunting problem.
Normal pulmonary artery pressure is? - CORRECT ANSWER- 25/8 mmHg
Normal CVP pressure is? - CORRECT ANSWER- 2 - 6 mmHg
Normal right ventricle pressure is? - CORRECT ANSWER- 25/0mmHg
Normal capillary pressure is? - CORRECT ANSWER- 20mmHg
10mmHg as it leaves the capillary bed and enters venous.
The normal Arterial-venous oxygen content difference is? - CORRECT ANSWER-
4 - 5 percent volume.
What is the formula for Arterial- venous oxygen content difference? - CORRECT
ANSWER- C(a-v)O
CaO2-CvO
What does shunting mean? - CORRECT ANSWER- perfusion without ventilation.
As arterial-venous oxygen content difference goes up in percent, cardiac output
does what? - CORRECT ANSWER- Cardiac output goes down.
Normal Urine Output - CORRECT ANSWER- 40mL/hr (approximatley 1 Liter a
day)
Intake exceeds output - CORRECT ANSWER- - weight gain
- electrolyte imbalance
- increased hemodynamic pressures
- decreased lung compliance
Central Venous Pressure (CVP) - CORRECT ANSWER- can indicate changes in
fluid balance
Normal CVP - CORRECT ANSWER- 2 - 6mmHg or 4 - 12cmH
- decreased CVP can indicate hypovalemia (fluid therapy)
- increased CVP can indicate hypervalemia (diuretics)
Stuporous, confused , sleepy - CORRECT ANSWER- consider sleep apnea or
excessive O2 therapy (COPD patient)
Semicomatose - CORRECT ANSWER- responds only to painful stimuli
Obtunded - CORRECT ANSWER- drowsy state, may have decreased cough or gag
reflux (protect airway)
Coma - CORRECT ANSWER- does not respond to painful stimuli
Electrolyte Imbalance Traits - CORRECT ANSWER- anger, combative, irritable
Drug Overdose Traits - CORRECT ANSWER- Euphoria-intense feelings of
emotions (joy)
Panic Traits - CORRECT ANSWER- severe hypoxemia, tension pnemothorax,
status asthmaticus, or possibly AAA (abdominal aortic anerysm)
Activites of Daily Living (ADL) Scoring - CORRECT ANSWER- Katz Scoring System
0 - dependent
Capillary refill - CORRECT ANSWER- indication of peripheral circulation
color should return within 3 seconds
Diaphoresis - CORRECT ANSWER- heart failure (recommend diuretics, positive
inotropic agents) fever, infection (recommend antibiotics) anxiety, nervousness (recommend sedatives) tuberculosis/night sweats (recommend antitubercular drugs)
Cheyne-Stokes Breathing - CORRECT ANSWER- gradually increasing then
decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from 30 - 180 seconds, with periods of apnea lasting up to 60 seconds Cause: Increased intracranial pressure, brainstem inury, drug overdose
Biot's Breathing - CORRECT ANSWER- increased respiratory rate and depth with
irregular periods of apnea. Each breath has the same depth Cause: CNS problem
Kussmaul's breathing - CORRECT ANSWER- increased respiratory rate (usually
over 20 breaths/min), increased depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds labored Cause: metabolic acidosis, renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis
Dry or nonproductive cough may indicate - CORRECT ANSWER- a tumor in the
lungs
Productive cough may indicate - CORRECT ANSWER- an infection or chronic lung
disease
Tachycardia indications - CORRECT ANSWER- hypoxemia, anxiety, stress
(recommend oxygen therapy)
Bradycardia indications - CORRECT ANSWER- heart failure, shock,
code/emergency (recommend atropine)
Paradoxical pulse/pulsus paradoxus - CORRECT ANSWER- pulse/blood pressure
varies with respiration. May indicate severe air trapping (status asthmaticus, tension pneumothorax, cardica tampanade)-felt on exhalation
Tracheal deviation pulled toward the abnormal side (same side of pathology) -
CORRECT ANSWER- - pulmonary atelectasis
- pulmonary fibrosis
- pneumonectomy
- diaphragmatic paralysis
Tracheal deviation pushed to the normal side (opposite side of pathology) -
CORRECT ANSWER- - massive pleural effusion
