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NBCOT-COTA |! Disorders |! Exam |! with
|! accurate |! detailed |! answers
Cerebral |! Palsy |! (CP) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Due |! to |! oxygen |! deprivation |! to |! the |! brain |! during |! birth. Diagnosible |! from |! an |! early |! age- |! sometimes |! in |! infancy. Varying |! degrees |! of |! muscle |! tone |! problems, |! involuntary |! movement, |! paralysis, |! speech |! impairement, |! difficulty |! with |! sensory |! perception. Cognitive |! disabilities, |! sometimes |! accompany. Impairments |! in |! work, |! and |! social |! funtioning. OT |! provides |! neuromuscular |! interventions |! to |! promote |! appropriate |! muscle |! tone |! and |! movement. Offer |! training |! in: |! ADLs, |! environmental |! adaptations |! and |! assistive |! devices. EX. |! Wheelchairs, |! specialized |! eating |! utensils, |! and |! clothing |! adaptations; |! loops |! on |! waistbands. Acquired |! Immune |! Deficiency |! (AIDS) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Person |! -> |! Person |! via |! body |! fluids, |! blood |! transfusion, |! contaminated |! needles, |! birth, |! or |! breast- feeding. Debilitating |! to |! immune |! system. |! Vulnerable |! to |! opportunistic |! infections, |! cancer, |! and |! other |! health |! problems.
4 |! levels |! of |! classification |! for |! patients: Stage1: |! test |! positive, |! but |! no |! symptoms Stage2: |! repeated |! upper |! respiratory |! infections |! and |! other |! minor |! symptoms Stage3: |! may |! have |! tuberculosis, |! bacterial |! infections, |! digestive |! problems Stage4: |! susceptible |! to |! internal |! fungi; |! infections, |! toxoplasmosis, |! Kaposi's |! sarcoma |! (manifests |! as |! multiple |! open |! skin |! lesions) Symptoms: |! Sweating, |! weight |! loss, |! fevers, |! repeated |! opportunistic |! infections. Fatal, |! and |! incurable. |! Possible |! to |! extend |! and |! improve |! quality |! of |! life |! for |! patients. Burns |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Caused |! by |! heat, |! chemicals, |! radiation, |! extreme |! cold. Affects |! the |! epidermis |! (outer |! layer |! of |! skin), |! the |! dermis |! (next |! layer |! of |! skin) |! or |! may |! penetrate |! further |! into |! surface |! of |! body. "Rule |! of |! 9" |! estimates |! hospital |! stay, |! and |! level |! of |! treatment. 9% |! each |! for |! head, |! neck, |! upper |! limbs. 18% |! lower |! limbs 36% |! trunk 1% |! genitals 1 |! hospital |! day |! per |! %age |! of |! body |! surface |! affected. Classified |! by |! degrees |! according |! to |! depth |! of |! tissue |! damage. Fluid |! and |! calorie |! loss |! during |! initial |! stages.
Congestive |! Heart |! Failure |! (CHF) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! heart |! does |! not |! pump |! blood |! efficiently |! enough |! to |! meet |! the |! body's |! needs. Caused |! by |! cardiac |! disease, |! hypertension, |! enlarged |! heart, |! lung |! disease, |! or |! valve |! problems. Blood |! and |! fluid |! accumulate |! in |! other |! parts |! of |! the |! body |! causing |! edema |! swelling. |! Body's |! vital |! organs |! may |! not |! receive |! sufficient |! oxygen |! and |! nutrients |! to |! function |! fully. Symptoms: |! easily |! fatigued, |! short |! of |! breath, |! prone |! to |! lower |! limb |! and |! abdominal |! edema. May |! sleep |! propped |! up |! due |! to |! trouble |! breathing |! while |! laying |! down. Treatment: |! medication, |! dietary/lifestyle |! changes, |! low |! sodium |! diet, |! weight |! management. OT |! intervention: |! energy |! conservation, |! education |! on |! dietary |! and |! health |! maintenance, |! exercise |! regimens. |! FOur-Level |! classification:
- |! Have |! cardiac |! disease, |! not |! limited |! in |! physical |! activity |! by |! pain, |! angina, |! palpitations, |! or |! other |! symptoms.
- |! Slightly |! limited |! in |! physical |! activity, |! causing |! some |! pain, |! angina, |! fatigue |! during |! activity.
- |! Markedly |! limited, |! experiencing |! symptoms |! even |! during |! less |! than |! normal |! activity.
- |! Unable |! to |! carry |! out |! any |! physical |! activity |! without |! symptoms, |! and |! may |! experience |! symptoms |! at |! rest. Age-Related |! Dementia |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Catch |! all |! term |! to |! describe |! any |! decline |! in |! cognitive |! functioning. Result |! of |! many |! different |! medical |! conditions.
Aging |! individuals |! may |! exhibit |! symptoms |! of |! cognitive |! decline |! as |! a |! result |! of |! stroke, |! depression, |! over-medication, |! any |! condition |! that |! reduces |! blood |! flow |! to |! the |! brain, |! or |! Alzheimer's. Many |! types |! are |! progressive. Typical |! symptoms: |! memory |! problems, |! particularly |! short-term, |! impaired |! decision-making |! ability, |! diminished |! social |! skills/interest, |! disorganized |! behavior |! among |! other |! behavioral |! changes. |! Severe |! dementia |! like |! may |! be |! at |! risk |! of |! wandering, |! falls |! or |! other |! dangers, |! sometimes |! hostile |! and |! uncooperative. Advanced |! Alzheimer's |! patients |! appear |! to |! lose |! all |! intellectual |! functioning, |! bed-ridden, |! unable |! to |! perform |! basic |! functions. Diabetes |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Blood |! glucose |! is |! chronically |! above |! normal. The |! pancreas |! does |! not |! produce |! sufficient |! insulin |! to |! break |! down |! glucose, |! or |! the |! body |! does |! not |! make |! use |! of |! the |! insulin |! it |! does |! produce. |! Type |! 1: |! begins |! in |! childhood, |! far |! less |! common. |! Unknown |! cause, |! however |! genetic |! and |! autoimmune |! factors |! have |! been |! implicated. Type |! 2: |! Adulthood |! onset. |! Causes |! are |! being |! overweight, |! sedentary |! lifestyle, |! family |! history. |! Especially |! prevalent |! in |! African |! America, |! Native |! American, |! and |! Hispanic |! Latino |! populations. Treatment: |! oral |! medication, |! injected |! insulin, |! weight |! management, |! exercise, |! dietary |! control. Carpal |! Tunnel |! Syndrome |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Inflammation |! with |! the |! carpal |! tunnel
Neurological |! disorder |! where |! the |! brain |! has |! trouble |! with |! phonological |! processing |! and |! visual-verbal |! response. |! Difficulty |! relating |! written |! letters |! to |! the |! sounds |! they |! represent. |! Causes |! letter |! reversals |! when |! writing. Divided |! into |! 3 |! subtypes |! based |! on |! premonition |! the |! symptoms Dysphonetic |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔AKA |! auditory |! dyslexia Difficulty |! relating |! sounds |! to |! symbols Dyseidetic |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔AKA |! visual |! dyslexia Difficulty |! establishing |! a |! sight |! word |! vocabulary. |! Words |! have |! to |! be |! deciphered |! every |! time |! they |! re |! encountered. Rapid |! Automatic |! Naming |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔AKA |! double |! deficit. Unable |! to |! rapidly |! give |! the |! names |! of |! symbols |! such |! as |! numerals |! or |! letters Childhood |! Feeding |! Disorders: |! PICA |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Disorder |! characterized |! by |! eating |! non-food |! items |! or |! materials. Typically |! eaten |! substances |! by |! younger |! children |! include |! paint, |! plaster, |! cloth, |! or |! hair. Older |! children |! and |! adults |! typically |! ingest |! dirt |! or |! clay. |! Usually |! co-occurring |! with |! intellectual |! disabiity, |! or |! pervasive |! developmental |! delay, |! but |! also |! occurs |! independently. Life |! circumstances |! like |! poverty |! and |! neglect |! increases |! the |! risk.
This |! disorder |! often |! goes |! undiagnosed |! until |! other |! medical |! problems |! arise |! such |! as |! digestive |! disorders, |! lead |! poisoning, |! bowel |! perforation, |! or |! other |! problems. Childhood |! Feeding |! Disorders: |! Rumination |! Disorder |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Most |! commonly |! seen |! in |! infants. Regurgitation |! and |! rechecking |! food. For |! infants |! a |! typical |! reaction |! is |! arching |! of |! the |! back |! and |! sucking |! the |! tongue. Often |! related |! to |! intellectual |! disability. |! Infants |! may |! be |! irritable |! and |! restless, |! fail |! to |! make |! weight |! gain |! targets. |! Neglect |! and |! lack |! of |! stimulation |! may |! contribute |! to |! the |! onset |! of |! this |! disorder Muscular |! Dystrophy |! (MD) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Wide |! range |! of |! genetic |! muscular |! disorders |! involving |! gradual |! weakening |! of |! skeletal |! muscles. The |! body |! does |! not |! manufacture |! proteins |! needed |! to |! maintain |! muscle |! tissue. Some |! types |! weaken |! the |! heart |! muscle |! and |! some |! also |! affect |! other |! parts |! of |! the |! body, |! ex. |! The |! endocrine |! system. Children |! may |! first |! exhibit |! symptoms |! such |! as |! enlarged |! calf |! muscles, |! when |! fat |! tissue |! begins |! to |! accumulate |! in |! the |! calf, |! or |! towers |! sign, |! a |! typical |! way |! of |! moving |! from |! sitting |! to |! standing |! using |! the |! hands |! on |! the |! front |! of |! the |! legs |! due |! to |! weak |! pelvic |! muscles. Duchenne |! Muscular |! Dystrophy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Results |! from |! the |! lack |! of |! protein |! dystrophin. |! Typically |! manifests |! in |! boys |! and |! is |! typically |! fatal |! before |! adulthood.
Severely |! impacts |! Occupational |! functioning. Interventions |! might |! include: |! ROM, |! strength |! maintenance, |! ADL |! retraining, |! energy |! conservation, |! balance |! and |! coordination |! exercises, |! adaptive |! equipment, |! safety |! measures |! to |! decrease |! fall |! risk. Spina |! Bifida |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Congenital |! disorder |! in |! which |! the |! spinal |! column |! isn't |! completely |! closed |! at |! birth. 3 |! types: Occulta- |! one |! of |! more |! of |! the |! vertebrae |! have |! openings |! but |! the |! spinal |! cord |! is |! not |! harmed. |! Many |! people |! never |! know |! they |! have |! this |! condition Meningocele- |! the |! covering |! of |! the |! spinal |! cord |! is |! pushed |! through |! the |! openings |! of |! the |! vertebrae |! by |! an |! usually |! be |! surgically |! repaired. Myeloma |! innocence- |! most |! severe. |! The |! spinal |! cord |! protrudes |! and |! may |! or |! may |! not |! be |! covered |! with |! skin. Birth |! defect |! with |! often |! occurs |! with |! hydrocephaly Can |! lead |! to |! paralysis, |! loss |! of |! bowel |! and |! bladder |! control |! among |! other |! symptoms
