Download NBC-HWC EXAM PREP | 581 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS | HEALTH AND WELLNESS EXAM and more Exams Health psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
NBC-HWC EXAM PREP | 581 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS | HEALTH AND
WELLNESS EXAM
3.2.2 Prevents/delays Type 2 Diabetes Correct Answer: Losing 5-7% of body weight and/or getting 150 minutes of exercise per week; healthy eating 3.2.2 Normal fasting blood sugar Correct Answer: less than 100 mg/dl 3.2.2 Prediabetes fasting blood sugar Correct Answer: 100 mg/dl to 125 mg/dl 3.2.2 Diabetes fasting blood sugar Correct Answer: 126 mg/dl or higher 3.2.2 Normal A1C Correct Answer: less than 5.7% 3.2.2 Prediabetes A1C Correct Answer: 5.7-6.4% 3.2.2 Diabetes A1C Correct Answer: 6.5% or higher 3.2.2 OGTT Correct Answer: oral glucose tolerance test 3.2.2 A1C Correct Answer: measures average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months 3.2.3 BMI of less than 18. Correct Answer: underweight BMI 3.2.3 BMI of 18.5- < Correct Answer: normal BMI 3.2.3 BMI of 25.0-< Correct Answer: overweight BMI 3.2.3 BMI of 30.0 or higher Correct Answer: obese BMI 3.2.3 Waist measurement of 37 inches or less (for men)
Correct Answer: low risk 3.2.3 Waist measurement of 37.1 - 39.9 inches (for men) Correct Answer: intermediate risk 3.2.3 Waist measurement of 40 inches or more (for men) Correct Answer: high risk 3.2.3 Waist measurement of 31.5 inches or less (for women) Correct Answer: low risk 3.2.3 Waist measurement of 31.6-34.9 inches (for women) Correct Answer: intermediate risk 3.2.3 Waist measurement of 35 inches or more (for women) Correct Answer: high risk 3.3.3 Exercise recommendations for adults Correct Answer: 150 minutes/week of moderate intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes/week of vigorous intensity aerobic activity (or some combination of the two) 3.3.3 Additional exercise recommendations Correct Answer: Perform muscle-strengthening activities involving all major muscle groups on 2 or more days/week 3.2.1 Systolic blood pressure definition Correct Answer: pressure in your arteries when your heart beats (the top number) 3.2.1 Diastolic blood pressure Correct Answer: pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats (the bottom number) 3.2.1 Blood pressure of <120/< Correct Answer: Normal BP 3.2.1 Blood pressure between 120-139/80-89 (2003) Correct Answer: Pre-hypertension 3.2.1 Blood pressure of greater than or equal to 140/90 (2003) Correct Answer: Hypertension 3.2.4 Arteriosclerosis Correct Answer: hardening of the arteries
3.2.5.1 Metabolic syndrome diagnosis (triglyceride level) Correct Answer: greater than or equal to 150 mg/dl or being on medicine to treat it 3.2.5.1 Metabolic syndrome diagnosis (HDL level) Correct Answer: <50 mg/dl for women and <40 mg/dl for men 3.2.5.1 Metabolic syndrome diagnosis (blood sugar level) Correct Answer: Fasting blood sugar of >100 mg/dl or being on medicine to treat it 3.2.5.1 Metabolic syndrome diagnosis (waist circumference) Correct Answer: waist circumference of greater than or equal to 35 inches for women and greater than or equal to 40 inches for men 3.2.5.1 Metabolic syndrome diagnosis (blood pressure) Correct Answer: blood pressure of greater than or equal to 130/85 mm/Hg or being on medication to treat it DARN acronym (preparatory change talk) Correct Answer: Desire, Ability, Reasons, Need CAT (moving toward being in favor of change) Correct Answer: Commitment to change, Activation, Taking steps 2.11.6 Motivational interviewing processes Correct Answer: Engaging, Focusing, Evoking, Planning 2.9.1 TTM stage # Correct Answer: Precontemplation (not wanting to change) 2.9.1 TTM stage # Correct Answer: Contemplation (planning to change in the next 6 months) 2.9.1 TTM stage # Correct Answer: Preparation (planning to change in the next 30 days) 2.9.1 TTM stage # Correct Answer: Action (making a change and continuing for approx. 6 months) 2.9.1 TTM stage # Correct Answer: Maintenance (having made a change and continuing with it for longer than 6 months) 2.9.1 TTM stage #
Correct Answer: Relapse/Recycle/Termination 2.9.1 The 3 Ds of Precontemplation Correct Answer: Don't know how, Demoralized, Defensive 2.9.1 The 2 Ds of Contemplation Correct Answer: Doubt, Delay 2.9.1 The D of Preparation Correct Answer: Dread 2.9.1 The D of Action Correct Answer: Demanding 2.9.1 The D of Maintenance Correct Answer: Distress 2.9.1 What TTM does NOT do Correct Answer: puts pressure on client to change or set a certain starting or ending date 2.9.1 ABCD (from Changing to Thrive) Correct Answer: Activating event, Beliefs about event, Consequences of our beliefs, Dispute (challenge our beliefs) 2.9.1 Best way to move from Precontemplation to contemplation Correct Answer: Increase your pro's 3.2.2 Symptoms of diabetes Correct Answer: frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, extreme hunger, sudden vision changes, tingling or numbness in hands or feet 3.3.1.3 DASH diet definition Correct Answer: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension 3.3.1.3 Benefits of the DASH diet Correct Answer: lowers blood pressure and LDL cholesterol 3.2.6 Optimal Total Cholesterol Correct Answer: Less than 200 mg/dl 3.2.6 Optimal LDL Correct Answer: Less than 100 mg/dl 3.2.6 Optimal HDL
3 Core coaching skills Correct Answer: mindful listening, open-ended inquiry, perceptive reflections Seligman's PERMA Correct Answer: Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Achievement Principles of AI Correct Answer: Positive: +emotions->actions, Constructionist: +convo - >emotions, Simultaneity: +Qs/Reflections - > convo, Anticipatory: +anticipation of future - > Qs/Rs, and Poetic: +attention->+aof 2.12 Sources of self-efficacy Correct Answer: Verbal persuasion, vicarious experiences, mastery experiences, physiological/affective states Functions of goals Correct Answer: Directive, Energizing, affecting persistence, affecting action (by leading to discovery, knowledge, strategies) 2.4.4 Empathy Correct Answer: A respectful understanding of another person's experience 2.5 Questions lead to... (which part of brain processes) Correct Answer: Activation in the left prefrontal cortex (CEO or analytical portion of the brain) 2.5 Reflections lead to... (processed by which part of brain) Correct Answer: Activation in the limbic region of the brain (where emotions, rewards, and pleasure are regulated) 2.5.3 Types of summarizing statements Correct Answer: Collecting, linking, and transitioning Types of discoveries in AI Step # Correct Answer: Best experiences, core values, generative conditions, three wishes 2.5 Types of reflections Correct Answer: simple, double-sided, amplified, shifted-focus, coming alongside, joining with a twist 2.9.2 SMART Correct Answer: Specific, Measurable, Achievable/Attainable, Realistic/Relevant, Timely 2.9.1 3 tasks of those in contemplation
Correct Answer: Determine pros of changing, determine barriers to change, and develop solutions to overcome barriers Recommended ratio of positive to negative emotions Correct Answer: 3: 2.11.5 Dimensions of the environment to foster (with regards to self-determination theory) Correct Answer: Structure, Autonomy support, Involvement 2.12 Determinants of human behavior (according to Albert Bandura) Correct Answer: Personal factors (beliefs and feelings about what you can do), Environmental factors (support system), and Behavioral factors (what you experience and accomplish) HRQOL Correct Answer: Health-related quality of life (more focused on deficits in functioning) 3.2.1 Number of Americans who will develop high BP Correct Answer: 9 in 10 Americans 3.2.2 Normal OGTT Correct Answer: less than 140 mg/dl 3.2.2 Prediabetes OGTT Correct Answer: 140-199 mg/dl 3.2.2 Diabetes OGTT Correct Answer: 200 mg/dl or higher 3.2.4.1 #1 Most common symptom of CAD Correct Answer: Angina (others: weakness, pain in arms/shoulders, shortness of breath) 3.2.6 VLDL-C Correct Answer: Triglycerides/ 3.2.6 HDL (increased risk for men) Correct Answer: less than 40 mg/dl 3.2.6 HDL (increased risk for women) Correct Answer: less than 50 mg/dl 3.2.6 HDL (average risk for men) Correct Answer: 40-50 mg/dl
3.3.7 Marijuana Correct Answer: Use of this substance has remained steady while overall drug use has declined 3.3.6 Most effective treatment for tobacco use Correct Answer: counseling + medication (more effective than either on their own) 3.3.7 Moderate drinking definition Correct Answer: 1 drink/day for women and 2 drinks/day for men 3.3.7 Consequence of opioid use Correct Answer: breathing problems 3.3.7 Methadone, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone (Vicodin) Correct Answer: commonly prescribed opioids 3.3.7 Definition of binge drinking Correct Answer: 5 or more drinks for men or 4 or more drinks for women (within 2 to 3-hour time period) 3.3.7 Definition of one drink Correct Answer: 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits 2.6.1 OARS model Correct Answer: Open-ended questions, Affirmations, Reflections, Summarizing GROW model (Whitmore) Correct Answer: Goal, Reality, Options (or Obstacles), Will (Way forward) 3.1.1 Self-rated physical and mental health, overall well-being, participation in society Correct Answer: 3 Domains of the Healthy People 2020 HRQOL 3.0 Types of well-being Correct Answer: Physical, mental, and social 3.0 Well-being definition (according to CDC link) Correct Answer: judging life positively and feeling good 3.1.1. Travis Illness-Wellness Continuum Correct Answer: Wellness is a process, never a static state 3.2.1 Risk factors for hypertension Correct Answer: Diabetes, prehypertension, unhealthy diet, inactivity, obesity, alcohol and tobacco use, black ethnicity
3.2.2 84.1 million (more than 1 in 3) Correct Answer: Adults in the US with prediabetes 3.2.2 Beta cells Correct Answer: Cell in the pancreas that make insulin 3.2.2 Common symptoms of hypoglycemia Correct Answer: Shakiness, sweating, chills, anxiety, irritability, nausea, fatigue, weakness, anger 3.2.2 Random blood sugar test (Diabetes diagnosis) Correct Answer: 200 mg/dl or greater 3.2.3 Waist-to-hip ratio (definition) Correct Answer: Waist (inches)/ Hip (inches)= ratio 3.2.3 Waist-to-hip ratio (increased risk for men) Correct Answer: measure greater than 0. 3.2.3 Waist-to-hip ratio (increased risk for women) Correct Answer: measure greater than 0. 3.2.4.1 Number one killer of men and women in 2013 Correct Answer: heart disease 3.2.5.1 Number of people with diabetes that also have metabolic syndrome Correct Answer: about 85% 3.2.5.3 Diseases associated with chronic inflammation Correct Answer: CAD, diabetes, obesity, arthritis, cancer, and Alzheimer disease 3.3.4 Definition of a short sleeper Correct Answer: Getting less than 6 hours of sleep per night 3.3.4 Dopamine Correct Answer: Abnormality of this neurotransmitter associated with Restless Leg Syndrome 3.2.2 2% - 10% of pregnancies are ...? Correct Answer: Number of pregnancies affected by gestational diabetes AI Positive Principle Correct Answer: Positive actions and outcomes stem from positive energy and emotion
Drinking water. 3.2.3 Genes give the body instructions for responding to changes in its environment. Studies have identified variants in several genes that may contribute to obesity by Correct Answer: increasing hunger and food intake. 3.2.3 Some illnesses may lead to obesity or weight gain. These may include Correct Answer: Cushing's disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome 3.2.3 Drugs such as ____________ and some ____________________ may also cause weight gain Correct Answer: steroids and some antidepressants 3.2.3 People who have obesity, compared to those with a normal or healthy weight, are at increased risk for many serious diseases and health conditions, including the following ( conditions) Correct Answer: All-causes of death (mortality) High blood pressure (Hypertension) High LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, or high levels of triglycerides (Dyslipidemia) Type 2 diabetes Coronary heart disease Stroke Gallbladder disease Osteoarthritis (a breakdown of cartilage and bone within a joint) Sleep apnea and breathing problems Some cancers (endometrial, breast, colon, kidney, gallbladder, and liver) Low quality of life Mental illness such as clinical depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders8, Body pain and difficulty with physical functioning 3.2.3 The medical care costs of obesity in the United States are high. In 2008 dollars, these costs were estimated to be Correct Answer: $147 billion 3.2.3 The annual nationwide productive costs of obesity obesity-related absenteeism range between Correct Answer: $3.38 billion ($79 per obese individual) and $6.38 billion ($132 per obese individual) 3.2.3 Body Mass Index (BMI) is Correct Answer: a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. 3.2.3 If your BMI is less than 18.5, you are considered Correct Answer: underweight
3.2.3 If your BMI is 18.5 to <25, you are considered Correct Answer: within the normal range 3.2.3 If your BMI is 25.0 to <30, you are considered Correct Answer: within the overweight range 3.2.3 If your BMI is 30.0 or higher, you are considered Correct Answer: within the obese range. 3.2.3 LDL cholesterol Correct Answer: ("bad") cholesterol ("L" ousy cholesterol) 3.2.3 HDL Correct Answer: ("good") cholesterol ("H" healthy cholesterol) 3.2.3 The body mass index (BMI), remains the standard way to Correct Answer: diagnose overweight and obesity. 3.2.3 And although no excess fat is good, one type of excess fat is much more dangerous than the others. Research shows that Correct Answer: abdominal fat is the worst of the worst. 3.2.3 subcutaneous fat Correct Answer: fatty tissue just beneath the skin. Is not as much of a threat to health 3.2.3 visceral fat is located Correct Answer: around the internal organs 3.2.3 Lipotoxicity Correct Answer: free fatty acids accumulate in cells that are not engineered to store fat. The result is organ dysfunction, which produces impaired regulation of insulin, blood sugar, and cholesterol, as well as abnormal heart function. 3.2.3 basic research results agree that excessive fat inside the abdomen is a major contributor to Correct Answer: cardiovascular disease. 3.2.3 According to waist circumference: Low risk for men is Correct Answer: 37 inches and below 3.2.3 According to waist circumference: Low risk for women is Correct Answer: 31.5 inches and below
3.2.5 HDL sometimes is called "good" cholesterol. This is because it helps Correct Answer: remove cholesterol from your arteries. A low HDL cholesterol level raises your risk for heart disease. 3.2.5 Insulin Correct Answer: is a hormone that helps move blood sugar into cells where it's used for energy. 3.2.5 Insulin resistance can lead to Correct Answer: high blood sugar levels, and it's closely linked to overweight and obesity. 3.2.5 It is possible to prevent or delay metabolic syndrome with Correct Answer: lifestyle changes. 3.2.5 People at greatest risk for metabolic syndrome have these underlying causes: Correct Answer: Abdominal obesity (a large waistline) An inactive lifestyle Insulin resistance 3.2.5 Some people are at risk for metabolic syndrome because they take medicines that cause weight gain or changes in blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and blood sugar levels. These medicines most often are used to treat Correct Answer: inflammation, allergies, HIV, and depression and other types of mental illness. 3.2.5 Some racial and ethnic groups in the United States are at higher risk for metabolic syndrome than others which include: Correct Answer: Mexican Americans have the highest rate of metabolic syndrome, followed by whites and blacks. 3.2.5 A triglyceride level of 150 mg/dl or higher (or being on medicine to treat high triglycerides) is Correct Answer: a metabolic risk factor. 3.2.5 HDL cholesterol sometimes is called "good" cholesterol. This is because it Correct Answer: helps remove cholesterol from your arteries 3.2.5 About 85 percent of people who have type 2 diabetes—the most common type of diabetes—also have Correct Answer: metabolic syndrome. 3.2.5 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of
Correct Answer: arthritis. It is sometimes called degenerative joint disease or "wear and tear" arthritis. 3.2.5 Osteoarthritis (OA) most frequently occurs in the Correct Answer: hands, hips, and knees. With OA, the cartilage and bones within a joint begin to break down. 3.2.5 What are the signs and symptoms of OA? (4) Correct Answer: Pain or aching. Stiffness. Decreased range of motion. Swelling. 3.2.5 How many people get OA? Correct Answer: affects over 30 million US adults. 3.2.5 What are the risk factors for OA? (5) Correct Answer: - Joint injury or overuse (such as knee bending and repetitive stress on a joint).
- Age
- Gender—Women are more likely to develop OA than men, especially after age 50.
- Being obese
- Genetics
- Race— Some Asian populations have lower risk 3.2.5 Doctors usually treat OA with a combination of therapies, which may include the following: Correct Answer: Physical activity. Medications, including prescription drugs and over-the-counter pain relievers. Physical therapy with muscle strengthening exercises. Weight loss. Supportive devices such as crutches or canes. Surgery (if other treatment options have not been effective). 3.2.5 Rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, is Correct Answer: an autoimmune and inflammatory disease, which means that your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake, causing inflammation (painful swelling) in the affected parts of the body. 3.2.5 Rheumatoid arthritis, RA mainly attacks the. Correct Answer: joints, usually many joints at once 3.2.5 Signs and symptoms of RA include: Correct Answer: Pain or aching in more than one joint.
Problems with thinking, memory, and concentration. Headaches, including migraines. 3.2.5 How is Fibromyalgia treated: Correct Answer: Medications- pain relievers Aerobic exercise and muscle strengthening exercise. Patient education classes Stress management techniques such as meditation, yoga, and massage. Good sleep habits to improve the quality of sleep. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) 3.2.5 Gout is Correct Answer: a common form of arthritis that usually affects one joint at a time (often the big toe joint) and is very painful. 3.2.5 Who is most likely to have gout? Correct Answer: Men and obese adults are more likely to have gout. 3.2.5 There is no cure for gout, but you can effectively treat and manage the condition with Correct Answer: medication and self-management strategies. 3.2.5 With Gout, symptoms in the affected joint(s) may include: Correct Answer: Pain, usually intense. Swelling. Redness. Heat. 3.2.5 Gout is caused by a condition known as Correct Answer: hyperuricemia, which is where there is too much uric acid in the body. 3.2.5 The following make it more likely that you will develop hyperuricemia, which causes gout: Correct Answer: Being obese. Having certain health conditions—congestive heart failure, hypertension (high blood pressure), insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and poor kidney function. Using certain medications, such as diuretics (water pills). Drinking alcohol. Eating or drinking food and drinks high in fructose Having a diet high in purine-rich foods include red meat, organ meat, and some kinds of seafood, such as anchovies, sardines, mussels, scallops, trout, and tuna. 3.2.5 Arthritis in children is called
Correct Answer: childhood arthritis or juvenile arthritis. The most common type of childhood arthritis is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), also known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis 3.2.5 Childhood arthritis can cause Correct Answer: permanent physical damage to joints. This damage can make it hard for the child to do everyday things like walking or dressing and can result in disability 3.2.5 Symptoms of Childhood arthritis: Correct Answer: Joint pain. Swelling. Fever. Stiffness. Rash. Fatigue (tiredness). Loss of appetite. Inflammation of the eye. Difficulty with daily living activities such as walking, dressing, and playing 3.2.5 Factors that Increase Risk of Getting Arthritis (5) Correct Answer: Overweight/obesity Infection Joint Injuries Occupation Smoking 3.2.5 Cholesterol is made Correct Answer: in your liver. Your body uses cholesterol to make hormones and digest fatty foods. Your body makes all the cholesterol it needs 3.2.5 Dietary cholesterol is Correct Answer: in animal foods, such as egg yolks, fatty meats, and regular cheese. In general, foods that are high in dietary cholesterol are also high in saturated fat 3.2.5 Major behaviors that cause high cholesterol: Correct Answer: Eating a diet high in saturated fat and trans fat Lack of exercise 3.2.5 Some people with high cholesterol have an inherited genetic condition called Correct Answer: "familial hypercholesterolemia" (FH). This condition causes very high LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels beginning at a young age that, left untreated, continue to worsen with age. 3.2.6 Ideal total cholesterol is
