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A comprehensive set of quiz questions and answers related to the nats 1670 course. It covers a wide range of topics, including the structure and function of nucleotides, the central dogma of molecular biology, the process of transcription and translation, the role of various rna and protein molecules, the characteristics of dna and chromosomes, and the types and effects of genetic mutations. Designed to serve as a valuable study resource for students preparing for exams or seeking a deeper understanding of the course material. With its detailed explanations and 100% correct answers, this document can be a valuable tool for reinforcing key concepts and ensuring academic success.
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What is a nucleotide? - ✔✔Nitrogen base + sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) and phosphate group HOW ARE THE NUCLIOTIDE CONNECTED VERTICALLY? - ✔✔THROUGH PHOSPHODIESTER BONDS WHAT ARE THE COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRS - ✔✔A-T G-C WHAT TYPE OF BOND DOES THE COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRS HAVE? - ✔✔DOUBLE HYDROGEN BONDS What is the backbone of DNA? - ✔✔sugar and phosphate What is the 3 prime end - ✔✔where the phosphate group doesn't stick out (shorter) What is the 5 prime end? - ✔✔when the phosphate group stick out What are the sequence of nucleotides transcribed into, to release information? - ✔✔RNA What is the central dogma? - ✔✔DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein What is transcription? - ✔✔The process of making RNA from DNA, which is releasing information contained in the DNA sequence What is mRNA? - ✔✔messenger RNA carries the DNA message from the nucleus to the ribosomes
what is rRNA? - ✔✔rRNA is ribosomal RNA it helps put amino acids together in chains. tRNA - ✔✔transfer RNA; functional RNA molecule that serve as adapters in translation What is the promotor region? - ✔✔Nucleotide sequence on the DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription Identifies the region of the DNA molecule that wwill be transcribed into RNA A promoter is upstream of a gene (implies the direction towards the 5' end of the transcribed region) what is the first thing that happens when RNA polyerase binds? - ✔✔the DNA strands unbind How does RNA polymerase work? - ✔✔Cuts DNA from 3'-5' and adds nucleotides for RNA on 5'-3' side (anti-parallel). what does termination site do? - ✔✔It tell RNA polymerase to disassociate what is enzymatic protein? - ✔✔catalyst in biochemica lreaction (DNA/RNA polymerase) What are regulatory proteins? - ✔✔control of gene expression, intercellular signaling (transcription factors) What are structural proteins? - ✔✔cellular or organismal anatomy What are ribosomes? - ✔✔site of protein synthesis
silent mutation - ✔✔A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created. missense mutation - ✔✔A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. what type of mutation is sickle cell anemia caused by? - ✔✔miss sense what percetage of all cancer is due to smoking - ✔✔30% What percent of lung cancer does smoking account for? - ✔✔80% what is imprecatory denial? - ✔✔denying reality as a way to avoid uncomfortable implication what is the survival rate of lung cancer? - ✔✔15% what country has one of the highers lung cancer percentage? - ✔✔RUssia What is COPD? - ✔✔chronic obstructive pulmonary disease