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National Heathcareer Association
CCMA Modules
January 18, 2019 – Nutrition
Nutrients are materials the body needs for energy and for cellular activities like growth, repair, disease resistance, fluid balance, and thermoregulation. The body cannot produce protein components, but it can produce vitamin D and cholesterol Energy comes from three nutrient groups that contain calories: proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Most young adults need 1,800 to 2,200 calories per day. BMI = Mass / Height ^ 2 = kg / m ^ 2 Encourage patients to follow a diet that is low in fat, high in fiber from plant sources and whole grains, and avoids highly processed foods. The human body is 50% to 80% water. Recommended that people still drink 2 to 3 L (64 to 96 oz) each day for optimal health. Lose up to 1,750 to 3,000 mL each day.
Proteins
Proteins are large, complex molecules the body makes from amino acids. There are three types of amino acids.
- Essential amino acids are ones the body cannot produce.
- Nonessential amino acids are ones the body can make from essential amino acids or as proteins break down.
- Conditional amino acids are not usually essential but might become essential when the body is undergoing stress or illness. The body uses amino acids to repair and build tissues and energy. Complete proteins come from animal sources and contain all nine essential amino acids. Soy is the only plant food that is a source of complete protein.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are organic compounds that combine carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen into sugar molecules and come primarily from plant sources. Depending on their structure, they are either simple sugars or complex carbohydrate. The body converts all other digestible carbohydrates into glucose.
Fats
Fats, or lipids, are highly concentrated source of energy the body can use as a backup for available glucose. Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but the arrangement is different.
Fiber
Fiber is a complex carbohydrate that humans cannot digest. A diet rich in fiber helps prevent constipation, gallstones, hemorrhoids, irritable bowel syndrome, and diverticulosis. It also helps with managing diabetes mellitus and reducing the risk for colon cancer.
Vitamins
Vitamins are organic substances the body needs for various cellular functions. Vitamins do not provide energy, but they are necessary for the body to metabolize energy. Some vitamins (C,E) can help some foods last longer Vitamin E can help keep vegetable oils from becoming rancid. Vitamin C can help with bone and wound healing.
Minerals
Minerals are inorganic substances the body needs in small quantities for building and maintaining body structures. They are essential for life because they contribute to many crucial life functions, like those of the musculoskeletal, neurological, and hematological systems. Provide rigidly and strength of bones and contribute to muscle contraction and relaxation. They also help regulate the body’s acid-base balance and are essential for normal blood clotting and tissue repair.
Eating Disorders
Anorexia nervosa is starving yourself. Treatment involves hospitalization with parenteral nutrition or nasogastric feeding, plus psychotherapy. Bulimia nervosa involves eating large amounts of food. This eating disorder can cause lesions in the esophagus, erosion of tooth enamel, and electrolyte and hormone imbalances. Treatment involves psychotherapy, medication for anxiety and depression, dental work, nutrition counseling, and support groups. Binge-eating disorder involves overeat. Obesity increases the risk for heart disease, as well as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, some forms of cancer, joint disorder, GERD, and sleep apnea. January 18, 2018 – Psychology
The first step when working with patients who have mental or emotional challenges is to determine how they can communicate and what level of communication they can understand. Empathy : Put yourself in their shoes. A stressor is anything that causes anxiety or stress. Objective : Referring to data or information the observer can see, measure, or otherwise detect. Defense mechanisms are coping strategies people use to protect themselves from negative emotions such as guilt, anxiety, fear, and shame. D January 21, 2018 – Medical Terminology
January 21, 2018 – Medical Law and Ethics Criminal Law : Laws that deal with crimes and their punishments. Addresses the rules and statutes that define wrongdoings against the community. Crimes can be classified as misdemeanors or felonies.
1. Misdemeanors : An offense that is considered less serious than a felony and carries a lesser penalty, usually a fine or imprisonment for less than one year. 2. Felony : A crime declared by statute to be more serious than a misdemeanor and deserving a more severe penalty. Conviction usually requires imprisonment in a penitentiary for longer than one year. 3. Assault : The crime of trying or threatening to hurt someone physically. 4. Battery : Intentional touching or using force in a harmful manner, without the person’s consent. 5. Plaintiff : A person who files a lawsuit initiating a legal action. 6. Defendant : A person who is being sued or accused of a crime in a court of law. 7. Subpoena : A written order that commands someone to appear in court to give evidence. 8. Deposition : A formal statement that someone who has promised to tell the truth makes so that the statement can be used in court. 9. Civil Law : Laws that deal with the rights of people rather than with crimes. 10. Contract : A legal agreement between two or more parties. 11. Breach : Infraction or violation of a law, obligation, tie, or standard. In civil law cases, there are usually no fines or imprisonment. However, plaintiffs may receive a monetary award for injuries sustained because of a incident. 12. Negligence : The failure to do something that a reasonably prudent individual would do under similar circumstances.
- There was dereliction of duty.
- The misconduct of the defendant was the direct cause of injury.
- Damages occurred because of misconduct.
Types of Consents:
1. Informed Consent : Verbal indication. 2. Implies Consent : Actions are implied to consent. 3. Fraudulent : Relating to actions that purposely intend to deceive. February 2, 2019 – Administrative Assisting Several methods ca be used when scheduling patient appointments. While the most common practice is use of electronic software, some offices still use an appointment book.
Disadvantages of Paper Charts:
- They can only be used by one person at a time.
- Can easily be misplaced due to filing errors.
- Cannot be easily shared with other providers. Electronic medical records help decrease medical errors, as well as time spent correcting diagnoses and procedure coding for medical billing. This decreases the time needed for insurance reimbursements. In addition, they provide a secure way to communicate with the patient regarding medication, refills, upcoming appointments, and the status of referrals. Wave Scheduling: Scheduling three patients at the same time to be seen in the order in which they arrive. Modified Wave Scheduling: Allocating two patients to arrive at a specific time and the third to arrive approximately 30 minutes later, released throughout the day. Doubly-Booking: Scheduling two patients are the same time with the same provider, often to fit in a patient who has an acute illness. Information needed for scheduling an external appointment for a new patient begins with obtaining demographic information. This includes full name, address, date of birth, contact phone numbers, insurance information for billing purposes, Social Security number, and emergency contact information. The patient should not wait more than fifteen minutes in the waiting area for the appointment.
- Functional Communicator: Prefers an organized approach to work with timelines and detailed plans. Uses a step-by-step method to solve problems and communicate information.
- Personal Communicator: Uses emotional language and connections. Cares about what people think and feel in response to the information given. February 2, 2019 – Health Care Systems and Settings The role of a medical assistant is primarily to work alongside a provider in an outpatient or ambulatory setting, such as a medical office. Depending on the size of the facility, the medical assistant might be cross-trained to perform administrative and clinical duties. Administrative duties include greeting patients, handling correspondence, and answering telephones. In addition, the medical assistant is often responsible for the clinical tasks of obtaining medical histories from patients, explaining treatments or procedures, drawing laboratory tests, and preparing and administering immunizations. Extrinsic Motivation : Physical in nature and driven by outside forces. Intrinsic Motivation : Within an individual and focuses on lifelong goals. Medical assistance can become certified in Certified Phlebotomy Technician, Certified EKG Technician, Certified Billing and Coding Specialist, Certified Electronic Health Records Specialist, or a Certified Health Coach or Patient Navigator.
February 14, 2019 – Infection Control February 21, 2019 – Microbiology Microbiology is the study of living forms only visible under a microscope. February 27, 2019 – Pharmacology March 28, 2019 – General Patient Care The two methods of identification to validate that care and treatment are delivered to the correct patient are to have the patients state their full name and date of birth. An effective medical assistant uses therapeutic communication techniques during the initial intake process (examination). Therapeutic communication begins with active listening. This allows the medical assistant to fully understand what the patient is communicating verbally and nonverbally. Interviewing also involves asking open-ended questions to elicit a more detailed response without leading a patient toward an intended response. Restatements, reflection, and clarification are also valuable tools to use during the interview process. A chief complaint is subjective information and best documented in the medical record in the patient’s own words. The chief complaint is the reason for the patient’s visit.
Holter or ambulator monitoring is over an extended period. A standard EKG machine records 12 leads. For a standard EKG machine, the ratio of applied leads to recorded leads is 10:12. April 3, 2019 – Testing and Laboratory Procedures
Specimens for cultures are always collected in sterile containers
