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Sharpey's fibers - ✔✔connect periosteum to bone What fibers of the PDL are the most prominent? - ✔✔Oblique fibers Stillman's cleft - ✔✔v shaped loss of gingiva. Due to bad flossing habits McCall's festoon - ✔✔innertube shaped swelling at the marginal gingiva Drug induced gingival hyperplasia - ✔✔Dilantin (Phenytoin) Procardia (Nifedipine) Cyclosporin (immunosuppressant) dihiscence - ✔✔loss of alveolar bone oval shaped root exposure apical to CEJ Fenestration - ✔✔a window-like opening in the bone covering the root of a tooth bordered by alveolar bone on the coronal aspect of the tooth. Bacteria shape present in early plaque formation - ✔✔cocci shaped, aerobic Bacteria shape in periodontal disease - ✔✔baccilli, anaerobic Bacteria shape present in NUG/NUP - ✔✔spirochetes periodontal bacteria in health - ✔✔aerobic, cocci, gram +Periodontal bacteria in diease - ✔✔anaerobic, baccilli, gram - Names of the bacteria that cause periodontal disease - ✔✔P. Gingivalis
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Sharpey's fibers - ✔✔connect periosteum to bone What fibers of the PDL are the most prominent? - ✔✔Oblique fibers Stillman's cleft - ✔✔v shaped loss of gingiva. Due to bad flossing habits McCall's festoon - ✔✔innertube shaped swelling at the marginal gingiva Drug induced gingival hyperplasia - ✔✔Dilantin (Phenytoin) Procardia (Nifedipine) Cyclosporin (immunosuppressant) dihiscence - ✔✔loss of alveolar bone oval shaped root exposure apical to CEJ Fenestration - ✔✔a window-like opening in the bone covering the root of a tooth bordered by alveolar bone on the coronal aspect of the tooth. Bacteria shape present in early plaque formation - ✔✔cocci shaped, aerobic Bacteria shape in periodontal disease - ✔✔baccilli, anaerobic Bacteria shape present in NUG/NUP - ✔✔spirochetes periodontal bacteria in health - ✔✔aerobic, cocci, gram +
Periodontal bacteria in diease - ✔✔anaerobic, baccilli, gram - Names of the bacteria that cause periodontal disease - ✔✔P. Gingivalis F. Nucletum T. Forsythia A. Actinomycetescomatins Bacteria responsible for NUG - ✔✔P. Gingivalis T. Dentacolo P. Intermedian Fusobactrium Bacteria responsible for caries - ✔✔S. Mutans Lactobacillus S. Sobrinus What bacteria is most commonly associated with aggressive periodontitis - ✔✔A. Actinomycetescomatins Is plankton plaque adherent or non adherent? - ✔✔non adherent how do endotoxins contribute to tissue destruction? - ✔✔Stimulate osteoclast periodontal disease - ✔✔apical migration of the junctional epithelium CAL - ✔✔measures attachment loss CEJ to base of pocket
Margination - ✔✔Movement of WBC to periphery vessel wall Pavementing - ✔✔WBC line walls of blood vessel Diapedesis - ✔✔neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls and begin phagocytosis Chemotaxis - ✔✔cells move to the site of inflammation Neutrophils (PMNs) - ✔✔Function in phagocytosis, it is the most common cell in acute inflammation. It is a key WBC in the development and progression of disease WBC associated with chronic inflammation - ✔✔Macrophage What biochemical mediator allows cells to leave the blood vessels? - ✔✔Interleukins What biochemical mediator is associated with pain and swelling? - ✔✔Prostaglandins P=Pain What biochemical mediator causes bronchoconstriction? - ✔✔Leukotrienes L=Lungs What are the stages of a periodontal lesion? - ✔✔Stage I: Initial lesion (2-4 days) Stage II: Early lesion (4-7 days) Stage III: Established Lesion (2-3 weeks) Stage IV: Advanced lesion (3 weeks- years) In which stage of a periodontal lesion is there no clinical changes? - ✔✔Stage I
Gingivitis begins to appear at what stage of a periodontal lesion? - ✔✔Stage II, bleeding will occur What stage of a periodontal lesion is periodontal disease considered to be? - ✔✔Stage IV Gingival edema begins to occur at what stage of a periodontal lesion? - ✔✔Stage III Diabetes mellitus - ✔✔-Pts at greater risk for xerostomia, caries, and periodontal disease
(the picture is of a dogs mouth, but still helpful as a visual) What are the four stages of fibrous repair? - ✔✔1. Blood clotting
What bacteria is not associated with chronic periodontitis? A) T. Denticola B) P. Intermedia C) S. Mutans D) P. Gingivalis - ✔✔S. mutans Which of the following is a characteristic of the progression of periodontal disease? a. Cocci b. Motile organisms c. Aerobic organisms d. gram + organisms - ✔✔motile organism Endotoxins A) Is produced by a mast cell B) Stimulates osteoclast activity C) Is produced by B-lymphocytes D) Stimulates the secretion of immunoglobulins - ✔✔Stimulates osteoclast activtity Which assessment finding indicates that a pts periodontal disease progressing? a. periodontal pockets b. BOP c. evidence of radiographic bone loss d. attachment loss increasing over time - ✔✔attachment loss increasing over time Sharpeys fibers are found in - ✔✔Cementum and alveolar bone when probing a class II furcation - ✔✔the probe will penetrate the furcation but not pass complete through
What is cranial nerve V? - ✔✔trigeminal nerve What is cranial nerve VII? - ✔✔facial nerve, it supplies the facial muscles, taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue, and the parasympathetic intervention of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands What is cranial nerve IX - ✔✔Glossopharyngeal; responsible for senses, taste of the posterior 1/3 of tongue and parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland what is cranial nerve XII? - ✔✔Hypoglossal; controls most of the tongue movements, important for speech and swallowing. It does not include the palatoglossal muscle PSA block anesthetizes: - ✔✔Maxillary molars EXCEPT the MB root of the first molar and facial gingival tissue MSA block will provide anesthesia to what areas? - ✔✔Max Premolars and the MB root of Mx 1st molar, AND the facial gingival tissue ASA block will provide anesthesia to what areas? - ✔✔Max anterior teeth and facial gingival tissue IA block will provide anesthesia to what areas? - ✔✔All areas of the manible except the buccals of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd molars Mental block will provide anesthesia to what areas? - ✔✔first mandibular premolar to midline. No teeth are anesthetized!! Soft tissue only Buccal block will provide anesthesia to what areas? - ✔✔Buccal gingival tissue of molars What branch of the trigeminal nerve innervates the muscles of mastication? - ✔✔V3: the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
What muscles open the mouth? - ✔✔lateral pterygoid, and hyoid muscles What are the muscles of mastication? - ✔✔temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid Trismis - ✔✔condition that causes reduced mobility of the jaw Crepitus - ✔✔a crackling or grating sound usually of bones, it indicated pathology What are the muscles that are responsible for smiling? - ✔✔Zygomaticus, Risorius, Levator anguli oris Arteries - ✔✔Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Veins - ✔✔Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart mitral valve prolapse - ✔✔Improper closure of the valve between the heart's upper and lower left chambers. Causes a backflow of blood into the aorta. These pts NO LONGER need premedication pterygoid plexus - ✔✔A network of veins corresponding to the second and third parts of the maxillary artery. It drains the teeth, muscles of mastication, buccinator, nose and the palate Submental lymph node - ✔✔drains the mandibular incisors, tip of the tongue, middle of the lips and the floor of the mouth submandibular lymph node - ✔✔drains most of periodontal tissues and the submental node as well deep cervical lymph nodes - ✔✔drains the submandibular node and walls of the throat During which trimester of pregnancy is the palate formed? - ✔✔First trimester
What is the hardest tissue in the body? - ✔✔enamel How does the periodontal ligament attach to cementum? - ✔✔sharpey's fibers by which age are all the primary teeth erupted? - ✔✔2.5 years When do permanent teeth begin to erupt? - ✔✔6 years old How old is a child when their permanent premolars begin to erupt into their mouth? - ✔✔ 10 - 12 How old is a child when their maxillary centrals erupt? Laterals? - ✔✔Centrals: 7- 8 laterals: 8- 9 How old is a child when their lower canines erupt? - ✔✔ 9 - 10 Bones which comprise the orbit? a)ethmoid, frontal, parietal b)ethmoid, lacrimal, parietal c) ethmoid, sphenoid, zygoma d) ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal - ✔✔C) ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal the muscles of mastication most responsible fore protrusion of the jaw are a) masseter b) temporalis c) medial pterygoid d) lateral pterygoid - ✔✔lateral pterygoid
the articular fossa is provided by what bone? a) parietal b) occipital c) sphenoid d) temporal - ✔✔d_ temporal Wharton's duct empties the: A. Glands of Von Ebner B. parotid salivary glands C. sublingual salivary glands D. submandibular salivary glands - ✔✔Submandibular salivary glands The keratinized papilla of the tongue are a) foliate b) filiform c) fungiform d) circumvallate - ✔✔filiform Three developmental processes must fuses to create the upper lip. They are? - ✔✔globular process, and the left/ right maxillary processes Fetal pressure on what structure can cause orthostatic hypotension? - ✔✔inferior vena cava cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal) provide innervation to all the muscles of the tongue except a) hyoglossus b) styloglossus c) genioglossus d. palatoglossus - ✔✔palatoglossus
Dens Evaginatus - ✔✔- Looks like an extra cusp or a talon
amelogenesis imperfecta - ✔✔incomplete or improper development of the enamel tissue Yellow/brown Pitting of the enamel A flat brown lesion in the muccobuccal fold of the UR quadrant, it has been there for as long as the patient remembers. No pain. What is it? - ✔✔Melanotic macule (oral freckle) Addison's disease - ✔✔A rare, chronic endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid hormones. It causes diffuse pigmentation of the skin (bronzing) (JFK had addisons) Cushing's disease - ✔✔Excessive pituitary gland function, results in "moon facies" and a "Buffalo hump" Which of the following antimicrobial agents is least likely to affect birth control? a) Penicillin b) amoxicillin c) nystatin d) erythromycin - ✔✔nystatin What is another name for down syndrome? - ✔✔Trisomy 21 Nicotine Stomatitis - ✔✔leukoplakia of the hard palate, caused by smoking An african american patient comes in and you note there is a white film on his buccal mucosa that disappears when stretched. What is this? - ✔✔leukoedema A white lesion that can be wiped away - ✔✔pseudomembranous Candidiasis
mononucleosis - ✔✔condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by with enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), fatigue, and sore throat (pharyngitis) Will aphthous ulcers occur on the hard palate or attached gingiva? - ✔✔No, they are keratinized tissue What is a blistering disease that is classified by a buttery fly rash - ✔✔Lupus Oral Hairy Leukoplakia - ✔✔White patches Patches of the lateral tongue (#1 stie) Almost assoc w/ HIV (pre AIDS sign) Infreq seen in patients w/ other immunosupp Caused by EBV What is the difference between herpangina and hand-foot-mouth disease? - ✔✔Herpangina affects the posterior oral cavity Hands-foot-mouth effects those areas. Same symptoms and cause by the Coxsackie A virus A white lace like lesion is present on the buccal mucosa, what is it? - ✔✔Lichen Planus, Wickham's striae What is the most common tumor of salivary glands - ✔✔Benign mixed tumor (Pleomorphic adenoma) what condition is it when there is bilateral parotid enlargement - ✔✔mumps smokeless tobacco keratosis - ✔✔wrinkled, corrugated white lesion at site of placement may also have gingival recession, tooth staining and decay Sjogren's syndrome - ✔✔autoimmune destruction of minor salivary glands and lacrimal glands Causing extreme xerostomia
treated with Pilocarpine Cyst that forms around the crown of an impacted tooth - ✔✔dentigerous cyst Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC)/ Ameloblastoma - ✔✔these two have to be differentiated under a microscope because they present similarly. Multilocular lesion in the posterior with a high reoccurrence rate What is the most common odontogenic tumor? - ✔✔Odontoma Heart shaped cyst on hard palate - ✔✔median palatine cyst Pagets disease - ✔✔enlargement of bone, causes "cotton wool" like radiopacities Bruxism is a pathologic manifestation of which of the following conditions? a) Erosion b) attrition c) abrasion d) abfraction - ✔✔attrition A permanent totth that displays hypoplasia cuased by trauma or infection during development has been termed? a) peg lateral b) mulberry tooth c) turners hypoplasia d) Hutchinson incisor - ✔✔turners hypoplasia condensing osteitis - ✔✔radiopaque lesion at apex of inflamed or necrotic tooth