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Which athletes have the greatest risk for low vitamin D status? Sclect one: a. Athletes who cat a dict rich in whole foods b. Athletes who take a vitamin D supplement c. Caucasian athletes with frequent sun exposure d. Darker skinned athletes with limited sun exposure ANSWERV V d. Darker skinned athletes with limited sun exposure Which of the following involve more dynamic eccentric and concentric movement of the spine through a full range of motion? Select one: a. Core-strength exercises b. Core-power exercises c. Core-stabilization exercises d. Core-funetional exercises ANS WERV ¥ a. Core-strength exercises Which sport-specifie drill is recommended for basketball, hockey, and volleyball? Select one: a. A-skips b. Cycling B-skips c. Marches d. Push-up sprint ANSWERV ¥ d. Push-up sprint How many repetitions of plyometric exercises will an athlete training in Phase 3: Hypertrophy perform in each set’? Select one: a. 12to 15 b.4to6 c.3toS d. 8 to 10 ANSWERVV d. 8 to 10 When conducting a strength assessment, how long should an athlete rest between sets? Select one: a. 2 minutes b. 30 seconds c. 60 seconds d. 10 seconds ANSWERV ¥ a. 2 minutes An electromechanical delay in which the muscle must switch from overcoming force to imparting force in the intended direction is known as which of the following? Select one: a. Eccentric phase b. Concentric phase c. Amortization phase d. Isometric phase ANSWERV Vv ce. Amortization phase What is the preferred location for assessing resting heart rate? Select one: a. Radial pulse d. To enhance muscle recovery and glycogen repletion ANSWERV ¥ d. To enhance muscle recovery and glycogen repletion Which resistance exercise is appropriate for the Phase |: Stabilization Endurance level of training? Select one: a. Rotational chest pass b. Barbell bench press c. Incline dumbbell bench press d. Standing cable chest press ANSWERV ¥ d. Standing cable chest press What occurs when an activated muscle transitions from an eccentric contraction to a rapid concentric contraction? Select one: a. Integrated training continuum b. Stabilization c. Force-couple relationship d. Stretch-shortening cycle ANSWERV V d. Stretch-shortening cycle What percentage of athletes experience low back pain in a given year? Sclect one: a. 15-30% b. 26-35% c. 6-15% d. 3-10% ANSWERVYV c. 6-15% The muscle groups of the lateral subsystem function in which plane of motion? Select one: a. Sagittal b. Frontal c. Longitudinal d. Transverse ANSWERV ¥ b. Frontal Following a cycle of training in OPT Phase 5, what is the next progression to produce the highest levels of acceleration and rate of force production? Select one: a. Hypertrophy training b. Strength endurance training c. Maximal power training d. Plyometric training ANSWERV V c. Maximal power training What is the term used for the technique that recruits local core stabilizers by pulling the navel in toward the spine? Select one: a. Bracing b. Drawing-in maneuver c. Hollowing d. Core stabilization ANSWERV ¥ b. Drawing-in maneuver What are muscles that work in direct opposition to the prime mover called? Select one: a. Antagonist What is the loss of muscle fiber size called? Select one: a. Tissue dehydration b. Osteopenia c. Atrophy d. Sarcopenia ANSWERV ¥ c. Atrophy What type of exercises are important for the protection of joints in an athlete's training program? Select one: a. Exercises that train metabolic endurance b. Exercises that train neuromuscular coordination c. Exercises that train maximal power d. Exercises that train for hypertrophy ANSWER ¥ b. Exercises that train neuromuscular coordination What are three primary causes of muscular imbalance? Select one: a. Smoking, poor nutrtion, sedentary lifestyle b. Pattern overload, aging, postural stress c. Prime mover strength, one-side dominanance, lack of core strength d. Pattern overload, resistance training, stretching ANSWER¥ ¥ b. Pattern overload, aging, postural stress What can happen when blood has a high hematocrit? Select one: a. Increased vasodilation b. Blood flow resistance ¢. Enhanced insulin production d. Decreased stroke risk ANSWERV V b. Blood flow resistance Which of the following sports activities relies the most on the oxidative energy system? Select one: a. Baseball b. Sprinting ¢. Soccer d. Football ANSWERV ¥ ce. Soccer What is the amount of time an athlete traditionally spends performing corc-stabilization exercises? Select one: a. 4 weeks b. 2 weeks c. 6 weeks d. 3 weeks ANSWERV V a. 4 weeks Endurance athletes and those with small body mass and large sodium losses are at risk for which condition? Select one: a. Hypothyroidism b. Hypohydration d. Supine with two-leg slide ANSWERV ¥ ce. Supine with marching Which implement is a form of external resistance? Select one: a. Suspension trainer b. Wobble board c. Sport beam d. Medicine ball ANSWERV ¥ d. Medicine ball What is the eccentric action of the gluteus medius, posterior fibers? Select one: a. Decelerates hip abduction and internal rotation b. Decelerates hip abduction and external rotation c. Decelerates hip adduction and internal rotation d. Decelerates hip adduction and external rotation ANSWERV V c. Decelerates hip adduction and internal rotation Which of the following is the best strength exercise for an athlete who is new to resistance training? Select one: a. Suspension trainer row progression: stagger stance b. Woodehop throw c¢. Soccer throw d. Supported dumbbell row ANSWERV V d. Supported dumbbell row Which tempo best corresponds to increases in maximal power? Select one: a. Moderate b. As fast as can be controlled c. Fast d. Repeating ANSWERV ¥ b. As fast as can be controlled For a 30-year-old athlete using the regression method, which of the following is the low-end of heart rate training zone 2? Select one: a. 168 d. 140 ANSWERY ¥ b. 150 An athlete with knee valgus during the overhead squat is at risk of what injury? Select one: a. Medial tibial stress b. Patellar tendinopathy c. Plantar fasciitis d. Ankle sprain ANS WERV ¥ b. Patellar tendinopathy What law describes how soft tissue models along the lines of stress? Select one: a. Newton's law b. Hawthorn's law A point guard who assesses the other team's defense, calls a new play based on what he sees, and then imagines and executes his drive to the basket with a successful layup displays which of the following? Select one: a. Emotion-focused coping b. Shifling attentional focus c. Selective attention d. Rational thinking ANSWERV V b. Shifting attentional focus If an athlete squats prior to performing a sagittal jump, which concept is employed? Select one: a. Ballistic movement b. Speed movement c. Agility movement d. Strength movement ANSWERV V a. Ballistic movement Which of the following is the ultimate goal of plyometric training? Select one: a. To increase the speed of muscular exertion b. To sensitize the Golgi tendon organ c. To improve neuromuscular coordination d. To improve the reaction time of the muscle action spectrum ANSWERV ¥ d. To improve the reaction time of the muscle action spectrum Which of the following has research shown to be an effect of excessive intake of vitamin A? Select one: a. Increased tolerance to fatigue b. Reduced tolerance to infection c. Increased hematocrit volume d. Reduced bone mineral density ANSWERV V d. Reduced bone mineral density The heart pumps blood into the aorta from which of the following structures? Select one: a. Left atrium b. Left ventricle c. Right ventricle d. Right atrium ANSWERV ¥ b. Left ventricle A coach who creates an outcome-oriented motivational climate implements rewards based on which of the following criteria? Select one: a. Social comparisons b. Skill mastery c. Cooperative completion d. Personal improvement ANSWERV V a. Social comparisons Central nervous system fatigue can be minimized by performing drills with the highest magnitude of neuromuscular demand at which time during the workout? Select one: a. Alter plyometric exercises performed b. After strength exercises performed c. Where the runner's weight is carried by the entire foot What is an effect of a lack of neuromuscular stabilization? Select one: a. Increased joint ROM b. Improved proprioception c. Altered foree-couple relationships d. Negated length-tension relationships ANSWERV Vv c. Altered force-couple relationships How many times per week should plyometric training be used with a Phase 1: Stabilization Endurance athlete? Select one: a. 3-6 d. 0-3 ANSWERV ¥ c. 2-4 What is the first question athletes should ask when trying to determine whether or not they should use supplements recommended by teammates? Select one: a. "Is it what the elite players are using?" b. "Is it safe and ethical?" c. "Is it FDA approved?" d. "Is it fun to use?" ANSWERV ¥ b. "Is it safe and ethical?" Why should supplements like creatine, beta-alanine, and nitric-oxide boosters NOT be recommended to athletes who are minors? Select one: a. Most performance tests don't test minors b. Most safety tests don't test minors c. Most minors don't adhere to the guidelines d. Most minors cannot afford these supplements ANS WERV ¥ b. Most safety tests don't test minors Passive warming, using modalities such as heated pants or warming jackets, are most beneficial for which of the following situations? Select one: a. When a player leaves a game due to injury b. Between multiple races, such as at track or swim meets c. When there is about 5 minutes between warm-up and the start of competition d. Immediately following a maximal effort such as sprinting or weight lifting Feedback ANS WERY ¥ b. Between multiple races, such as at track or swim meets Which of the following statements describes the best strategy to achieve a positive protein balance’? Select one: a. Consume a mixture of carbohydrates and amino acids before and immediately afier strength workouts b. Consume carbohydrates only before and after strength workouts c. Fast for several hours before and after exercise d. Follow a high protein, high fat dict ANSWERV V a. Consume a mixture of carbohydrates and amino acids before and immediately after strength workouts Which of the following best defines the process which brings oxygen from the air, across the alveolar membrane, and into the blood to be carried by hemoglobin? d. Reactive, dynamic, static ANSWERV ¥ b. Static, dynamic, reactive n which phases of the OPT model is it appropriate to use Olympic competition lifis? Select one: a. Phases 4 and 5 b. Phases 2 and 3 c. Phases 5 and 6 d. Phases 3 and 4 ANSWERV V c. Phases 5 and 6 What is the average resting heart rate for a male athlete? Select one: a. 30 beats per minute b. 70 beats per minute c. 100 beats per minute d. 90 beats per minute ANSWERV v b. 70 beats per minute What is the typical body fat range for female tennis players? Select one: a. 6-10% b. 15-21% c. 10-15% d. 21-25% ANSWERV V d. 21-25% Training for optimum muscle function in all planes of motion, and utilizing the stretch- shortening cycle are part of what type of training? Select one: a. Metabolic training b. Integrated training ¢. Stabilization training d. Plyometric training ANSWERV ¥ b. Integrated training Which of the following juices has been shown to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects’? Select one: a. Orange b. Grape c. Cherry d. Apple ANSWERV ¥ e. Cherry What three components make up the integrated flexibility continuum? Select one: a. Static, active, dynamic flexibility b. Hold, release, relax flexibility c. SMR, static, PNF flexibility d. Corrective, active, functional flexibility ANSWERV V d. Corrective, active, functional flexibility When implementing concussion prevention programming, which of the following strategies can a trainer use to mitigate the effects of a concussive injury? Select one: a. Mandating the use of protective head equipment 
