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NASM|| Nutrition|| Certification || Exam||
with|| complete || solutions
SCOFF || questionnaire || - || Correct || answer || ✔Basic || yet || reliable || set || of || five || questions || that || help || assess || whether || an || eating || disorder || exists. Do || you || make || yourself || Sick || because || you || feel || uncomfortably || full? Do || you || worry || that || you || have || lost || Control || over || how || much || you || eat? Have || you || recently || lost || more || than || One || stone || (14 || lbs) || in || a || 3-month || period? Do || you || believe || yourself || to || be || Fat || when || others || say || you || are || too || thin? Would || you || say || that || Food || dominates || your || life? Scientific || Method || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || process || of || formulating || explanations || about || the || natural || world || and || testing || those || explanations || with || experiments || and || data.
- || Identify || a || Problem ||
- || Formulate || a || hypothesis
- || Design || a || study || to || test || the || hypothesis
- || Collect || data
- || Discard || or || change || the || hypothesis || OR || continue || testing
Evidence-Based || Practice || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || three-pronged || approach || to || working || with || clients, || which || consists || of || making || decisions || based || on || the || weight || of || the || scientific || evidence, || field || observations, || and || individual || client || needs || and || preferences. Prediction || - || Correct || answer || ✔An || expected || outcome || generated || from || a || hypothesis Theory || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || hypothesis || or || set || of || hypotheses || for || which || a || large || body || of || high-quality || evidence || has || been || accumulated. Hierarchy || of || Evidence || - || Correct || answer || ✔1. || Systematic || Reviews ||
- || Randomized || Controlled || Trials
- || Observational || Research
- || Peer || Reviews
- || Non-Peer-Reviewed || Media, || including || anecdotes Anecdote || - || Correct || answer || ✔an || account || of || a || person's || experience || or || event Uncontrolled || Variable || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || variable || in || an || experiment || that || a || scientist || makes || no || effort || to || manipulate || or || account || for. Primary || Research || - || Correct || answer || ✔Original || research || where || scientists || perform || experiments || and || collect || data || - || this || is || in || contrast || to || secondary || research || where || scientists || analyze || data || that || has || already || been || collected || or || published || elsewhere.
Test-Retest || Reliability || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || ability || to || get || similar || results || when || something || is || measured || under || the || same || conditions. Reliability || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || consistency || of || a || measure. Validity || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || assessment || of || whether || a || tool || is || measuring || what || it || is || supposed || to || measure. Selection || Bias || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || sample || of || people || under || study || is || not || representative || of || the || larger || population || that || scientists || are || looking || to || make || inferences || about. Retrospective || - || Correct || answer || ✔Describes || a || study || that || looks || backward || in || time. Recall || Bias || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || inability || to || accurately || remember || past || behaviors. Health || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || state || of || complete || physical, || mental, || and || social || well-being, || not || merely || the || absence || of || disease || or || infirmity. Homeostasis || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || tendency || toward || a || relatively || stable || equilibrium || between || interdependent || elements, || especially || as || maintained || by || physiological || processes.
Disease || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || disorder || of || structure || or || function || in || a || human, || animal, || or || plant, || especially || one || that || produces || specific || signs || or || symptoms, || affects || a || specific || location, || and || is || not || simply || a || direct || result || of || physical || injury. Noncommunicable || Disease || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || noncommunicable || disease || (NCD) || is || a || medical || condition || or || disease || that || is || not || caused || by || infectious || agents; || it || can || refer || to || chronic || diseases || which || last || for || long || periods || of || time || and || progress || slowly. Communicable || Disease || - || Correct || answer || ✔Infectious || diseases || caused || by || microorganisms || such || as || bacteria, || viruses, || parasites, || and || fungi || that || can || be || spread || (directly || or || indirectly) || from || one || person || to || another. Wellness || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || fluid || process || of || improving || the || emotional, || occupational, || physical, || social, || intellectual, || and || spiritual || components || of || life, || dynamically || leading || to || a || better || state || of || health || and || well-being. Obese || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || high || degree || of || excess || body || fat || - || a || BMI || greater || than || 30. Biometrics || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || technical || term || for || measurements || and || calculations || related || to || human || physical || characteristics. Satiety || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || feeling || of || fullness || and || satisfaction.
Lipolysis || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || biological || process || of || breaking || stored || triglycerides || into || free || fatty || acids || and || glycerol. Glycogenolysis || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || process || of || breaking || down || the || glycogen || molecule || into || its || individual || glucose || units || for || entry || into || the || energy || pathways. Gluconeogenesis || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || metabolic || pathway || that || results || in || the || generation || of || glucose || from || non-carbohydrate || carbon || substrates || such || as || lactate, || glycerol || and || glucogenic || amino || acids. Leptin || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || hormone || produced || by || adipose || (fat) || cells || that || acts || as || a || satiety || factor || in || regulating || appetite. Ghrelin || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || hunger-arousing || hormone || secreted || by || an || empty || stomach. CCK || (cholecystokinin) || - || Correct || answer || ✔hormone || released || in || the || gastrointestinal || system || and || is || responsible || for || stimulating || the || digestion || of || fat || and || protein. NPY || (neuropeptide || Y) || - || Correct || answer || ✔neurotransmitter || found || in || several || brain || areas, || most || notably || the || hypothalamus, || that || stimulates || eating || behavior || and || reduces || metabolism, || promoting || positive || energy || balance || and || weight || gain. Insulin || - || Correct || answer || ✔hormone || produced || by || the || pancreas || that || is || released || when || blood || glucose || levels || are || high, || promoting || the || uptake || of || glucose || for || fuel ||
or || storage || as || glycogen. || Insulin || helps || keeps || blood-sugar || levels || from || getting || too || high, || also || referred || to || as || hyperglycemia. Glucagon || - || Correct || answer || ✔hormone || that || is || released || when || blood || sugars || decrease || below || a || certain || threshold. || It || stimulates || the || breakdown || of || stored || glucose || (glycogen) || in || the || liver, || releasing || additional || glucose || into || the || bloodstream || for || fuel. ATP-PC || system || - || Correct || answer || ✔energy || system || producing || ATP || during || high || intensity, || short || duration || exercise. || Phosphocreatine || decomposes || and || releases || large || amount || of || energy || used || to || construct || ATP. || provides || energy || for || muscle || contraction || for || up || to || 10 || seconds. Anaerobic || Glycolytic || System || - || Correct || answer || ✔Glucose || is || used || for || fuel || and || is || either || blood || glucose || or || muscle || glycogen, || broken || down || in || to || pyruvic || acid, || when || there || is || insufficient || oxygen || it || then || is || transformed || into || lactic || acid. || Energy || up || to || 2 || minutes. Aerobic || Energy || System || - || Correct || answer || ✔virtually || unlimited || capacity || for || making || ATP, || uses || carbs, || fat, || protein || for || fuel. || Slow || to || produce || ATP. || Lasts || anywhere || from || 2 || minutes || to || a || few || hours. Acid-Base || Balance || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || process || of || achieving, || or || the || state || of, || equilibrium || between || acidic || and || alkaline || molecules. Cell || Signaling || - || Correct || answer || ✔Process || of || communication || between || cells || by || biological || messengers || to || govern || cellular || function.
conditionally || essential || amino || acids || - || Correct || answer || ✔amino || acids || that || are || normally || considered || nonessential || but || become || essential || under || certain || circumstances || when || the || body's || need || for || them || exceeds || the || ability || to || produce || them. nonessential || amino || acids || - || Correct || answer || ✔amino || acids || that || the || body || can || synthesize || & || normally || do || not || need || to || be || obtained || in || the || diet. protein || synthesis || - || Correct || answer || ✔Process || of || joining || amino || acids || with || peptide || bonds || to || form || proteins. dehydration || synthesis || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || joining || of || two || large || molecules || by || removing || one || hydrogen || from || one || molecule || and || a || hydroxyl || group || (OH) || from || another || molecule || and || then || binding || the || two || larger || molecules || together || on || the || newly || freed || bonds. Peptide || Bond || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || bond || between || two || amino || acids, || occurring || between || the || carboxyl || group || of || one || and || the || amino || group || of || the || other. Hydrolysis || - || Correct || answer || ✔Breakdown || of || one || large || molecule || into || two || smaller || molecules || via || the || donation || of || one || hydrogen || and || one || hydroxyl || group || from || water || to || the || smaller || molecules, || respectively. Dipeptide || - || Correct || answer || ✔Two || amino || acids || bonded || together
tripeptide || - || Correct || answer || ✔ 3 || amino || acids oligopeptide || - || Correct || answer || ✔4-9 || amino || acids Polypeptide || - || Correct || answer || ✔chain || of || 10 || or || more || amino || acids Denaturation || - || Correct || answer || ✔changing || the || shape || of || a || protein || but || not || its || primary || structure. || Denaturation || occurs || in || response || to || many || factors || such || as || temperature, || pH, || and || enzymes, || all || of || which || are || at || work || during || protein || digestion || and || absorption. For || most || protein-dense || foods, || this || process || begins || with || cooking || the || food. Gastrin || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || hormone || released || when || food || is || ingested || to || stimulate || release || of || digestive || fluids. Pepsinogen || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || proenzyme || secreted || by || the || stomach || as || a || precursor || to || pepsin. Pepsin || - || Correct || answer || ✔An || enzyme || in || the || stomach || that || begins || breaking || peptide || bonds.
Tensile || Strength || - || Correct || answer || ✔Ability || of || a || material || to || resist || breaking || under || tension. Elastin || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || protein || with || high || elasticity, || found || mainly || in || the || skin. Keratin || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || protein || found || in || hair || and || nails. sodium-potassium || pump || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || protein || found || on || the || cell || membrane || that || transports || sodium || and || potassium || to || create || electrochemical || gradients || across || the || membrane. Albumin || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || protein || found || in || the || blood || stream || that || helps || draw || water || into || the || blood || vessel || from || surrounding || tissue. Hemoglobin || - || Correct || answer || ✔An || iron-containing || protein || found || on || red || blood || cells, || binds || oxygen || and || other || molecules || for || transport || in || the || blood. Recommended || Dietary || Allowance || (RDA) || - || Correct || answer || ✔Amount || of || nutrient || needed || to || meet || the || needs || of || almost || all || individuals || in || an || age-sex || group. Protein || Quality || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || quantity || of || essential || amino || acids || found || in, || and || the || digestibility || of, || a || protein.
Complete || Protein || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || protein || that || contains || sufficient || quantities || of || all || essential || amino || acids. Complementary || Protein || - || Correct || answer || ✔Two || incomplete || proteins || that, || when || comsumed || together, || mimic || a || complete || protein || by || providing || all || essential || amino || acids. Starches || - || Correct || answer || ✔Grains, || corn, || rice || barley, || vegetables, || beans, || and || wheat Sugars || - || Correct || answer || ✔Sweets || (candy), || sugar || (cane || sugar), || fruit, || and || milk Monosaccharides || - || Correct || answer || ✔They || define || the || single || sugar || units || of || glucose, || fructose, || and || galactose || and || represent || the || absorbable || forms || of || carbohydrates || for || the || body. Disaccharides || - || Correct || answer || ✔They || define || pairs || of || sugar || units. || The || three || nutritionally || important || ones || to || humans || are || sucrose, || maltose, || and || lactose. Polysaccharides || - || Correct || answer || ✔They || define || glucose || chains || longer || than || 10 || units || in || length, || but || they || can || be || as || large || as || several || thousand || glucose || units || in || length. Oligosaccharides || - || Correct || answer || ✔They || define || sugar || units || ranging || from || 3 || to || 10 || units || in || length || and || are || largely || indigestible || to || humans.
Diverticulosis || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || condition || that || occurs || when || pockets || of || collected || stool || called || diverticula || form || in || the || walls || of || the || digestive || tract, || forcing || the || inner || layer || of || the || intestinal || wall || to || push || through || its || outer || lining. Functional || Fiber || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || compound || derived || from || isolated || indigestible || fiber || to || potentially || provide || some || of || the || health-promoting || benefits || of || natural || fiber. Glycogen || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || storage || molecule || of || carbohydrate || found || in || animals || and || located || in || muscle || and || liver || cells. Triglycerides || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || primary || storage || and || transportable || form || of || fats || in || the || body, || composed || of || three || free || fatty || acids || bound || to || a || glycerol || backbone. Ketones || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || group || of || incompletely || metabolized || fat || fragments || that || are || normally || produced || during || fat || metabolism || in || the || absence || of || adequate || carbohydrates. Bolus || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || mass || of || food || that || has || been || chewed || and || is || now || ready || to || initiate || the || swallowing || process. Chyme || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || partially || digested, || semi-fluid || mass || of || food || expelled || by || the || stomach || to || the || duodenum.
Jejunum || - || Correct || answer || ✔It || is || the || second || section || of || the || small || intestine || where || digestion || and || absorption || occur. || It || is || located || immediately || after || the || duodenum || and || leads || into || the || ileum. Ileum || - || Correct || answer || ✔It || is || the || final || section || of || the || small || intestine || where || lots || of || absorption || occurs. || It || is || located || immediately || after || the || jejunum || and || leads || into || the || large || intestine. Brush || Border || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || wall || of || the || small || intestine, || composed || of || villi || and || microvilli, || that || enhance || the || region's || surface || area || for || the || final || stages || of || digestion || and || absorption. Villi || - || Correct || answer || ✔These || are || small, || finger-like || projections || located || on || the || walls || of || the || intestine || that || extend || into || the || intestinal || tract || that || serve || to || increase || the || body's || surface || area || for || absorption || of || nutrients. Cirrhosis || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || liver || disease || marked || by || the || replacement || of || healthy || liver || tissue || with || scar || tissue || that || is || a || result || of || alcohol || abuse. Non-alcoholic || fatty || liver || disease || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || development || of || a || fatty || liver || resulting || from || excessive || quantities || of || fats || being || deposited || from || causes || that || exclude || alcohol. Catabolic || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || breakdown || of || nutrients || to || release || energy.
Saturated || Fatty || Acids || - || Correct || answer || ✔Fatty || acids || that || have || the || maximum || number || of || hydrogen || molecules || and || contain || only || single || bonds || between || their || carbon || atoms. || Foods || high || in || saturated || fatty || acids || are || usually || solid || at || room || temperature || (like || butter) || and || are || often || found || in || animal || fat, || palm || oil, || and || coconut || oil. Unsaturated || Fatty || Acids || - || Correct || answer || ✔Fatty || acids || that || have || one || or || more || double || bonds || between || the || carbon || atoms || in || the || carbon || chain. || These || are || typically || liquid || at || room || temperature, || relatively || unstable, || and || are || prone || to || oxidative || damage. Hydrogenation || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || process || of || forcing || hydrogen || into || vegetable || oil || to || create || a || semi-solid || or || solid || saturated || fat. Oxidative || Damage || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || imbalance || of || free || radicals || and || antioxidants || - || free || radicals || are || oxygen-containing || molecules || with || an || uneven || number || of || electrons, || which || makes || them || susceptible || to || react || with || other || molecules. monounsaturated || fatty || acid || - || Correct || answer || ✔Unsaturated || fats || that || have || one || unsaturated || carbon || molecule || (two || hydrogen || atoms || instead || of || four) || or || one || double || bond. polyunsaturated || fatty || acid || - || Correct || answer || ✔Unsaturated || fats || that || have || two || or || more || double || bonds || between || carbon || molecules.
Mediterranean || Diet || - || Correct || answer || ✔Based || on || the || traditional || foods || that || people || from || Greece || and || Italy || eat, || including || those || foods || rich || in || monounsaturated || fats || such || as || olive || oil, || nuts, || and || seeds. Trans || Fat || - || Correct || answer || ✔An || artificial || fatty || acid || that || occurs || when || hydrogen || is || added || to || liquid || vegetable || oils || (unsaturated || fat) || to || make || them || more || solid || (saturated || fat) || and || have || a || more || stable || shelf || life. Low-Density || Lipoproteins || - || Correct || answer || ✔Lipoprotein || that || carries || cholesterol || from || the || liver || to || the || cells, || known || as || bad || cholesterol. High-Density || Lipoproteins || - || Correct || answer || ✔Lipoprotein || that || carries || excess || cholesterol || away || from || the || cells || to || the || liver || where || it || is || turned || into || bile || or || excreted, || known || as || the || good || cholesterol. Endothelial || Dysfunction || - || Correct || answer || ✔Damage || that || occurs || to || the || endothelium, || the || thin || layer || surrounding || blood || vessels. GRAS || - || Correct || answer || ✔An || acronym || for || the || Generally || Recognized || as || Safe || list || of || any || substance || that || is || intentionally || added || to || food || - || a || food || additive || that || has || been || recognized || as || safe || by || a || group || of || experts. FDA || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || U.S. || Food || and || Drug || Administration || is || responsible || for || protecting || the || public || health || by || ensuring || the || safety, || efficacy, || and || security || of || human || and || veterinary || drugs, || biological || products, || and || medical || devices, || and || by || ensuring || the || safety || of || our || nation's || food || supply.
