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NASM CNC Final Exam Study Guide |
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Updated & Verified | 2024
When working with a client who has been complaining of low back pain that has been getting worse, what is the most appropriate recommendation? A. Refer her to a certified personal trainer. B. Tell her to use a heating pad when the pain gets bad. C. Refer her to a chiropractor. D. Recommend use of over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications. ✔✔C. Refer her to a chiropractor. With which client would it be most appropriate for the Nutrition Coach to work? A. Elite clients competing in a national Ironman B. Clients who want testing for vitamin deficiency C. Clients with inconsistent weight loss and gain D. Clients trying an elimination diet to identify food sensitivities ✔✔C. Clients with inconsistent weight loss and gain According to the scope of practice for a Nutrition Coach, which is an example of an appropriate resource for determining daily caloric intake?
A. ADA calculations based on age, gender, and activity level B. Body type and cultural preferences C. Dietary Guidelines for Americans D. The Nutrition Coach cannot assist with daily caloric intake. ✔✔C. Dietary Guidelines for Americans During a regular meeting, a client is complaining of irregular gastrointestinal issues, ranging from diarrhea to constipation. What is the best course of action? A. Closely monitor his situation and re-evaluate during the next meeting. B. Evaluate his prescription medications to look for similar side effects. C. Advise him to eat more vegetables and drink more water. D. Advise him to make an appointment with his personal physician. ✔✔D. Advise him to make an appointment with his personal physician. A new client has just moved into the area. She states that she occasionally suffers from anxiety and panic attacks and needs to renew her prescription medications. To which healthcare professional should she be referred? A. Podiatrist B. Physiologist C. Physiotherapist D. Psychiatrist ✔✔D. Psychiatrist
D. Suggest she limit her exercise to twice per week. ✔✔B. Informally question her about common eating disorder traits/habits. According to the SCOFF eating disorder assessment, what is the minimum number of positive answers which might indicate an eating disorder? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5 ✔✔B. 2 A Nutrition Coach is sitting down with a new client for her initial evaluation. She noted on her Health History Questionnaire that she has never been able to maintain permanent weight loss and confides that she has made herself throw up after eating large meals. What is the best course of action? A. Refer her to a clinical psychologist. B. Tell her she has bulimia and refer her to a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist. C. Tell her she may have anorexia and refer her to a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist. D. Move forward with the client sessions but monitor her closely for any more self-induced vomiting. ✔✔A. Refer her to a clinical psychologist With which client would it be most appropriate for the Nutrition Coach to work? A. Overweight client who wants to train for a 10K
B. Client who wants nutrition therapy for cancer prevention C. Pre-pubescent teenager who is overweight D. Client who wants accountability during a 9-week extreme calorie-restricted diet ✔✔A. Overweight client who wants to train for a 10K Which of the following can a Nutrition Coach provide? A. Nutritional advice and behavioral modification B. Nutritional advice and behavioral counseling C. Nutritional advice and behavioral prognosis D. Nutritional advice and behavioral prescriptions ✔✔A. Nutritional advice and behavioral modification To ensure the client is retaining any shared information, it is important that the content presented is perceived to be important and what other quality? A. Easy to understand B. Based on prior experience C. Delivered slowly D. Reviewed several times ✔✔B. Based on prior experience Any research article on diet and nutrition should be scrutinized for which of the following? A. Reliability and validity
B. Contact her spouse to discuss options. C. Refer her to a clinical psychiatrist. D. Closely monitor her situation. ✔✔C. Refer her to a clinical psychiatrist. Which statement is within the scope of practice for a Nutrition Coach? A. Design a 5-day meal plan for a healthy client. B. Recommend the client discuss supplement usage and dosing with their pharmacist or physician. C. Recommend a diet that contains up to 50% protein. D. Provide general advice on a 3-day detox plan. ✔✔B. Recommend the client discuss supplement usage and dosing with their pharmacist or physician. Common assessments performed by a Nutrition Coach include height, weight, body composition, and what other test? A. Blood pressure B. Anthropometric measurements C. Hydrostatic weighing D. SCOFF test ✔✔B. Anthropometric measurements Where might a Nutrition Coach find reputable information on recent dietary guidelines? A. Popular magazines
B. Government-funded agencies C. Private, for-profit supplement companies D. Celebrity blogs ✔✔B. Government-funded agencies Clients often confide in the Nutrition Coach. Which client conversation would be grounds for a referral to a licensed healthcare professional? A. Slow weight loss of 1/2 pound per week (0.22 kg) B. Late-night ice cream binging C. Chronic fatigue D. Occasional sleeplessness ✔✔C. Chronic fatigue A client confides that she is taking laxatives to help her lose weight. What is the best course of action? A. Refer her to a Registered Dietitian. B. Tell her to eat more fiber as that will help. C. Refer her to a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist. D. Tell her that regular use of laxatives are bad for her digestive tract. ✔✔C. Refer her to a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist. It is not uncommon for clients to confide in the Nutrition Coach. Which client conversation would be grounds for a referral to a licensed healthcare professional? A. Daily panic attacks
A. Observational B. Crossover C. Parallel D. Factorial ✔✔C. Parallel Which of the following is an example of descriptive research? A. Cohort study B. Survey C. Randomized controlled trial D. Meta-analysis ✔✔B. Survey Scientists perform a study comparing 1000 women with breast cancer to 1000 women without breast cancer. They gather information on the women's diets and look to see if the women diagnosed with breast cancer had more fat in their diet compared to the women who did not get cancer. Which term best describes this study? A. Cross-sectional study B. Case-control study C. Cohort study D. Survey ✔✔B. Case-control study
Which term best describes formulation of a hypothesis, collecting data to test the hypothesis, and changing or discarding the hypothesis when the data does not support it? A. Evidence-based practice B. Primary research C. Science D. Scientific method ✔✔D. Scientific method Fructose has been shown in studies to have adverse effects on blood triglycerides when consumed in excess of calorie needs. However, moderate doses of fructose have been shown to have no effect. Which of the following items best describes the conclusion that should be drawn from this data? A. There is no reason to ever restrict fructose intake. B. Fructose should be limited in the diet as much as possible. C. Fructose intake poses no risk to triglycerides when consumed within energy needs, but caution is warranted if calorie intake is high. D. There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions as to the impact of fructose intake on triglycerides. ✔✔C. Fructose intake poses no risk to triglycerides when consumed within energy needs, but caution is warranted if calorie intake is high. Which term refers to a proposed explanation for a set of observations? A. Randomized controlled trial B. Theory C. Hypothesis D. Prediction ✔✔C. Hypothesis
D. Subjects ✔✔C. Diet type A scientist proposes that sugar is inherently fattening, independent of its calorie content. If that proposal is true, then that would mean that high-sugar diets should increase fat gain independent of their calorie content. What term describes this potential consequence? A. Theory B. Hypothesis C. Prediction D. Conclusion ✔✔C. Prediction Which observational study design allows scientists to hypothesize a potential causal association? A. Case study B. Cross-sectional study C. Case-control study D. Cohort study ✔✔D. Cohort study Which of the following represents a critical evaluation of a study by other scientists? A. Systematic review B. Peer review C. Narrative review
D. Scientific method ✔✔B. Peer review The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) involves collecting health-related information via telephone interview across the United States. Which term best describes this research? A. Case study B. Case-control study C. Cohort study D. Survey ✔✔D. Survey Which term refers to the ability to get similar results when something is measured under the same conditions? A. Test-retest reliability B. Generalizability C. Validity D. External validity ✔✔A. Test-retest reliability Scientists find that a protein supplement increases lean mass in the elderly. However, they caution that the results may not apply to other populations, like younger people. What term best describes what the scientists are referring to? A. Selection bias B. Reliability
C. Subjects D. Diet type ✔✔D. Diet type Scientists perform a study looking at the effects of caffeine on vertical jump performance. On one day, they give all the subjects caffeine followed by vertical jump tests. Two weeks later, they give all the subjects a placebo followed by the same vertical jump tests. Which term best describes this study design? A. Factorial B. Crossover C. Parallel D. Observational ✔✔B. Crossover Which term encompasses the weight of the scientific evidence, field observations, and individual client needs? A. Primary research B. Science C. Scientific method D. Evidence-based practice ✔✔D. Evidence-based practice Which of the following represents the lowest level of evidence?
- Observational research
- Non-peer reviewed media
- Peer reviewed editorials and expert opinion
- Randomized controlled trials ✔✔2. Non-peer reviewed media Which of the following represents a strength of observational studies? A. Can establish cause and effect B. Can determine mechanisms for effects C. Large subject numbers D. High degree of control ✔✔C. Large subject numbers Which term describes the phenomena when a group does not represent the population a scientist is intending to study? A. Uncontrolled variable B. Generalizability C. Selection bias D. Recall bias ✔✔C. Selection bias Scientists find that a protein supplement increases lean mass in the elderly. However, they caution that the results may not apply to other populations, like younger people. What term best describes what the scientists are referring to? A. External validity
A scientist proposes that sugar is inherently fattening, and performs a study comparing a high-sugar diet to a low-sugar diet with equal calories. He finds that fat gain was the same between the diets. Which term describes how this study effects the initial proposal? A. Falsification B. Scientific method C. Prediction D. Validity ✔✔A. Falsification A scientist observes that people tend to perform better in a weight training session after consuming a pre-workout supplement. The scientist proposes that the caffeine in the supplement is increasing arousal, leading to increased performance. Which term best describes this scientist's proposal? A. Prediction B. Hypothesis C. Theory D. Conclusion ✔✔B. Hypothesis Scientists take 5000 people and have them fill out questionnaires on their dairy intake. They then compare cancer rates between people with high intakes and low intakes. What type of study is this? A. Observational B. Randomized controlled trial C. Meta-analysis D. Anecdotal ✔✔A. Observational
Scientists perform a study comparing 1000 women with breast cancer to 1000 women without breast cancer. They gather information on the women's diets and look to see if the women diagnosed with breast cancer had more fat in their diet compared to the women who did not get cancer. Which term best describes this study? A. Cross-sectional study B. Case-control study C. Cohort study D. Survey ✔✔B. Case-control study Which statement best describes science? A. It is the use of evidence to construct explanations and predictions of natural phenomena. B. It is the use of anecdotes to explain observations. C. It is the process of collecting data that confirms a hypothesis while discarding data that refutes it. D. It is the collection of ideas that are not subject to falsification. ✔✔A. It is the use of evidence to construct explanations and predictions of natural phenomena. Studies show that Diet A causes more weight loss than Diet B. A client is able to better adhere to Diet B than Diet A. Which item represents the best option for this client? A. Diet A B. Diet B C. Alternate between Diet A and B
