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A series of questions and answers related to protein synthesis, its role in muscle growth, and its importance in a healthy diet. It covers key concepts such as amino acids, peptide bonds, and the role of protein in various bodily functions. Useful for understanding the basics of protein metabolism and its implications for fitness and health.
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protein synthesis ✔✔the process by which amino acids are joined together to form proteins, such as lean tissues, like muscle.
What is the molecular component that makes each individual amino acid unique? ✔✔Side chain
peptide bond ✔✔The bond between 2 amino acids, occurring between the carboxyl group of one and the amino group of the other.
cell signaling ✔✔Process of communication between cells by biological messengers to govern cellular function.
Hydrolysis ✔✔Breakdown of one large molecule into two smaller molecules via the donation of one hydrogen and one hydroxyl group from water to the smaller molecules, respectively.
dehydration synthesis ✔✔The joining of two large molecules by removing one hydrogen from one molecule and a hydroxyl group (-OH) from another molecule, and then binding the two larger molecules together on the newly freed bonds.
amino acids ✔✔The organic building blocks of proteins containing both a carboxyl and an amino group.
Gluconeogenesis ✔✔The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids.
acid-base balance ✔✔the equilibrium in the body between acid and base concentrations
What amino acid is essential in the human diet? ✔✔Leucine
What protein is one of the largest polypeptides in the body and gives muscles their property of elasticity? ✔✔Titin
Cholecystokinin ✔✔Causes the pancreas to release protease enzymes into the small intestine
Secretin ✔✔Reduces acid release to help restore pH when eating ceases
How much daily protein is recommended for someone who participates in regular moderate- intensity resistance training? ✔✔1.5-2.0 g/kgBW
Performing resistance training while consuming a high protein diet consisting of 1.8-2.2 g/kgBW daily protein can help maintain muscle mass during a calorie-restricted weight loss diet. ✔✔true
Which amino acid is responsible for signaling for muscle protein synthesis, and is the only amino acid independently capable of enhancing muscle anabolism? ✔✔Leucine
What protein timing strategy has been shown through research to be the most optimal for continued muscle protein synthesis throughout the day? ✔✔4 meals with 20g protein each
How do protein and amino acids influence body pH? ✔✔They act as buffers to maintain neutral pH.
For an individual engaged in vigorous resistance training 5-6 days per week, what would be the most optimal protein prescription? ✔✔2.0 g/kg body weight
An existing client has been doing very well with meeting daily dietary recommendations with a three-meal per day eating pattern and they have met their goal to reach a healthy body weight with increased muscle tone. They express they would like to now pursue a new goal of a doing a physique competition within the next 12 months. Should the Nutrition Coach recommend they eat more or less frequently to help them meet their goals? ✔✔A Nutrition Coach should recommend they eat more-frequent meals because they can more frequently stimulate muscle growth.
What is most likely to impact longevity? ✔✔Calorie restriction may enhance longevity.
What are complementary protein sources? ✔✔2 foods with incomplete proteins that, when eaten together, supply all the necessary essential amino acids
Can post-workout protein consumption increase muscle glycogen synthesis? ✔✔Yes, when consumed with carbohydrates.
What is true about high-protein snacks? ✔✔Protein-based snacks without excess fats or carbohydrates can enhance satiety and, therefore, weight loss.
What is an ideal daily protein distribution? ✔✔Each meal contains an equal amount of protein.
In what form are proteins primarily absorbed? ✔✔Single amino acids
Which of the following amino acids is essential in the human diet? ✔✔Leucine
Which protein is one of the largest polypeptides in the body and gives muscles their property of elasticity? ✔✔Titin
Titin ✔✔a protein that positions the myosin filament to maintain equal spacing between actin filaments
poly ✔✔many, several
oli ✔✔few or small
mono ✔✔one, single
di ✔✔two, double
hepatic ✔✔pertaining to the liver
portal ✔✔an entrance, door or gateway,
Where is leptin produced? ✔✔adipose tissue
Where is gastrin produced? ✔✔stomach
Where is insulin produced? ✔✔pancreas
What do white blood cells do? ✔✔fight infection
What do white blood cells produce? ✔✔Antibodies and antitoxins
What do red blood cells do? ✔✔transport oxygen