Download NASAR SARTECH II CORRECT ANSWER search - CORRECT ANSWER -an operation using available p and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NASAR SARTECH II CORRECT
ANSWER
search - CORRECT ANSWER - an operation using available personnel and facilities to locate persons in distress rescue - CORRECT ANSWER - an operation to retrieve persons in distress provide for their initial medical or other needs and deliver them to a place of safety 3 basic categories of search and rescue skills training - CORRECT ANSWER - search, rescue, survival/support Describe course offerings of the US National Search and Rescue School - CORRECT ANSWER - oceanic, costal, and inland search planning leadership procedures. Land and air searches (wilderness) List organizations involved in developing standards and regulations - CORRECT ANSWER - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), ASTM International, American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE), American National Standards Institute (ANSI) National Association for Search and Rescue (NASAR) characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - national level education and certification for SAR responders and teams Mountain Rescue Association characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - mountain search and rescue techniques Civil Air Patrol (CAP) characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - youth cadet program, development of air search, provide transportation (US Air Force)
US Coast Guard Auxiliary characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - volunteer boats and aircrafts for sar USA Freedom Corps characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - created after 9/11 to protect and support local responders, raises service opportunities Citizen Corps characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - answer questions and coordinate volunteer activities to prepare for emergency situations (FEMA and USA Freedom Corps) Community Emergency Response Teams characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - incase first responders do not arrive on time, citizens can assist, citizens are trained and organized International SAR organizations and describe their roles in search and rescue - CORRECT ANSWER - Alpine Rescue (mountain SAR), International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation (promotes growth and protection of mountaineering and climbing), International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (urban SAR/structural collapse issues) 5 International Stages of SAR - CORRECT ANSWER - Preplanning Awareness Planning Operations Conclusion awareness - CORRECT ANSWER - info that someone needs assistance which can be an indication of action needed Initial action: evaluate and gain more info (uncertainty, alert, and distress) conclusion - CORRECT ANSWER - determined that no one is in distress, nothing was found or the search is concluded, all resources are notified the mission is concluded
Federal SAR Coordinators for US and Regions of Responsibility - CORRECT ANSWER - land SAR- US Air Force, maintains a recue coordination center in Florida. The region of responsibility is to establish and provide SAR services and ensure that planning for these services is properly coordinated US National SAR Supplement to the IAMSAR Manual and 2 Current US Addendums - CORRECT ANSWER - provides guidance to federal agencies concerning implementation of the NSP. Land SAR Addendum is to provision of civil SAR services for persons in distress or missing in the US on land or in an aircraft. Catastrophic Incident SAR Addendum is to provide guidance for SAR operations during catastrophic incidents and strategy. Purposes of the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the National Response Framework (NRF) - CORRECT ANSWER - NIMS provides a systematic, proactive approach to guide departments and agencies at all levels of government, nongovernmental organizations, and private teams to work cohesively (communication and information management, resource management, and command and coordination). NRF is a guide that details how the US responds to all types of disasters and emergencies, from the smallest local incident to that largest national catastrophe (engaged partnerships, tiered response, scalable, flexible, and adaptable capabilities, unity of effort through unified command, readiness to act and organized into 6 parts: roles and responsibilities, core capabilities, coordinating structures, relationships to other mission areas, operation planning, and support resources). Typical Operations Conducted by a FEMA Urban Search and Rescue Task Force - CORRECT ANSWER - physical and technical SAR operations in collapsed structures, physical and canine SAR operations, emergency medical care, assess damage and communicate, assess the building, hazardous materials evaluation, structural evaluations of buildings, stabilizing damaged structures. Emergency Management Assistance Compact and How it Works - CORRECT ANSWER - national interstate mutual aid agreement that enables states to share resources during a governor-declared emergency or disaster. Other states provide the impacted state with resources, services, or goods. (13 steps on pg. 33)
Amber Alert Program - CORRECT ANSWER - voluntary partnership between law enforcement, broadcasters, transportation agencies, and the wireless industries to activate an urgent bulletin in the most serious child abduction cases. National Center for Missing and Exploited Children - CORRECT ANSWER - works in partnership with the US Department of Justice to help law enforcement find missing children, eliminate child sexual exploitation, and prevent child victimization Describe at least 8 features and principles of an incident command system: - CORRECT ANSWER - Standardization: common terminology, use of clear text Command: establishment, transfer and termination of command (first responder incident commander to the IC), chain of command and unity of command (orderly line authority flows down through the ranks, every individual reports to one ICS supervisor), unified command (allows agencies with different legal, geographic, and functional authorities to work together) Planning and Organizational Structure: management by objectives (incident objectives), modular organization (expand and contract to meet the needs of the incident), incident action planning (procedures and responsibility), manageable span of control (the amount of individuals or resources that one supervisor that can manage) Facilities and Resources: incident locations and facilities (near an incident to accomplish a variety of purposes), comprehensive resource management (maintaining an accurate and up to date picture or resource utilization) Communications/Information Management: integrated communications (allow communication to other personnel and speak through useable and reliable media), information and intelligence management (info is raw or unprocessed date, info that has been collected and verified, ICS must have a plan to share info and intelligence) Professionalism: accountability, check in, incident action plan, unity of command, personal responsibility, span of control, resource tracking, dispatch of personnel and equipment
Helibase - CORRECT ANSWER - the main location for parking, fueling, maintenance, and loading of helicopters operating in support of an incident. It is usually located at or near the incident base Helispot - CORRECT ANSWER - any designated locations where a helicopter can safely take off and land. Some helispots may be used for loading of supplies, equipment or personnel Chain of Command - CORRECT ANSWER - the orderly line of authorization within the ranks of the incident management organization Unity of Command - CORRECT ANSWER - an incident command system principle stating that each individual involved in incident operations will be assigned to only one supervisor Unified Command - CORRECT ANSWER - an incident command system application used when more than one agency has incident jurisdiction or when incidents cross political jurisdictions. Agencies work together through the designated members of the UC, often the senior persons from the agencies and/or disciplines participating in the UC, to establish a common set of objectives and strategies and a single incident action plan Transfer of Command - CORRECT ANSWER - transfer of power from one IC to another IC Describe at least 4 resource management processes that are included in the ICS - CORRECT ANSWER - operations, planning, logistics, finance List and describe at least 6 elements that are included in a written incident action plan - CORRECT ANSWER - cover sheet (incident name, date, operational period), ICS 202: Incident Objectives (simple, measurable, attainable, action oriented, reasonable, time oriented?), ICS 203: Organization Assignment List (Does 203 match 204), ICS 204: division Assignment List, ICS 205: Incident Communications Plan, ICS 206: Medical Plan Explain the difference between information and intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER - information is unprocessed and intelligence is processed
Scope of Practice - CORRECT ANSWER - In health care, the procedures, actions, and processes that a healthcare practitioner is permitted to undertake in keeping with the terms of his or her professional license. In the context of SAR, the services a SAR organization is able to provide Standard of Care - CORRECT ANSWER - how a reasonably prudent person with similar training and experience would act under similar circumstances, with similar equipment, and in the same place Duty to Act - CORRECT ANSWER - an individuals responsibility to provide care or services, this responsibility may come from law or secondary to the function being performed Engendered Reliance - CORRECT ANSWER - the assumption by SAR service users that a SAR provider will provide a certain level of service Negligence - CORRECT ANSWER - deviation from the accepted standard of care resulting in further injury to the patient. Components include a duty to act, breach of that duty, injuries/damages inflicted, and that the actions of the individual rendering care caused the injury/damage Gross Negligence - CORRECT ANSWER - a form of negligence in which one's failure to exercise reasonable care constitutes an extreme departure from the ordinary standard Abandonment - CORRECT ANSWER - the unilateral termination of care without assuring continuation of care at the same level or higher Consent - CORRECT ANSWER - consent granted when a person verbally authorizes care or transportation Explain how the provisions of the Volunteer Protection Act differ between how they apply to the individual volunteer vs. a nonprofit organization - CORRECT ANSWER - to limit lawsuits against volunteers serving nonprofit public and private organizations and gov't agencies. VPA is to protect individuals, whereas, common law protects the organization itself
Describe the basic water and chemical needs of the human body - CORRECT ANSWER - 91 ounces of water for women and 125 ounces for men, salt should not be taken with people heavily sweating or if water is in short supply Describe how the human body loses heat - CORRECT ANSWER - conduction convection radiation evaporation Conduction - CORRECT ANSWER - sitting on snow, ice, or the cold ground Radiation - CORRECT ANSWER - heat radiates from the body to the outside Convection - CORRECT ANSWER - air movement around the body to absorb the heat Evaporation - CORRECT ANSWER - evaporation of the moisture on the skin Discuss the importance of fitness for SAR - CORRECT ANSWER - lack of conditioning and fitness has been repeatedly identified as one of the most common problems faced in the field by SAR personnel, resulted in reduced effectiveness and increased safety risk List the health condition for which one should obtain medical clearance before participating in SAR - CORRECT ANSWER - high blood pressure, heart trouble, family history of stroke, frequent dizzy spells, extreme breathlessness, arthritis, muscular problems, obesity Define physical fitness - CORRECT ANSWER - the ability to perform daily tasks vigorously and alertly, with energy left over for enjoying List the 4 basic components of fitness - CORRECT ANSWER - cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility
Discuss the importance of weight control as an aspect of fitness - CORRECT ANSWER - muscles take in calories faster than fat Describe the role and importance of knowing one's personal limitations in SAR work - CORRECT ANSWER - you will not push yourself too far and can set up a workout program to get to a physiological peak Explain how an individual can mentally prepare for SAR work - CORRECT ANSWER - workout and create small goals Explain the significance of positive mental attitude for SAR - CORRECT ANSWER - positive in nature and appropriate in its perspective for a given situation, what affects a person physically, also affects them mentally and vice versa (whole person concept) List and prioritize the necessities of life - CORRECT ANSWER - a will to live (PMA), air/oxygen, shelter/clothing/warmth, rest, signals, water, and food Describe the 3 responses to stress according to the general adaptation syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER - adrenaline starts to circulate and triggers the release of blood sugar, breathing rate increases and the bronchioles dilate and more oxygen is sent to the brain, heart rate and blood pressure increases pushing the blood to vital organs, senses become sharper, muscles tighten List at least 5 ways to control fear in yourself and others - CORRECT ANSWER - keep yourself physically fit, recognize fear as beneficial, try not to physically or mentally run away from the situation, learn how to make decisions quickly and logically by establishing good habits, self confidence, stay informed, use faith Explain the survival situation plan, STOP - CORRECT ANSWER - stay/stop, think, observe, plan/proceed
Describe at least 3 basic considerations when choosing clothing for the outdoors to protect the head, neck, hands, and feet - CORRECT ANSWER - should be snug, provide protection, and be comfortable Discuss the positive and negative characteristics of cotton, wool, silk, down, and synthetic - CORRECT ANSWER - Cotton: absorbs moisture, but does not release moisture, not very insulating, can be heavy when we, excellent for hot, dry climates, not very durable, can rot in wet conditions, good in summer, bad in winter Wool: doesn't freeze when wet, burns slowly, tears easily, best insulator Silk: light and strong, comfortable and traps air, holds odor and stains, damaged easily, good insulator Down: traps air, lightweight, best insulator when dry and cold, not good when wet, will mildew if damp Synthetic: strong, durable, evaporates water, resists abrasion, doesn't absorb moisture Describe the basic characteristics of the different levels of waterproof and water resistant fabrics - CORRECT ANSWER - laminates: waterproof, light, breathable coated fabrics: coated with a liquid soft shell fabric: soft, flexible, and tightly woven durable water repellent finish: waterproof, breathable Discuss conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation and how each relates to SAR clothing - CORRECT ANSWER - conduction is so the cold ground doesn't touch your skin,
convection is so the cold air doesn't take away your warmth, radiation is so that your body heat is not lost, evaporation is so the sweat can be used a insulation Explain the concept of layering in maintaining a comfortable body temperature - CORRECT ANSWER - wicking layer: worn against the skin and controls moisture, insulation layer: worn over the wicking layer to be comfortable and dry quickly and synthetic, protective layer: protects from elements List at least 3 survival tips for SAR clothing - CORRECT ANSWER - when your feet are cold, put on a hat, add layers when cold and remove when hot, light colored clothing reflects the sun and heat in warm weather List the 5 primary hazard controls - CORRECT ANSWER - elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment Describe the hazard control that is the last resort and explain why - CORRECT ANSWER - personal protective equipment (gloves, hats) and it is the last barrier between the hazard and us. Explain what is meant by a "safety culture" - CORRECT ANSWER - the attitude, beliefs, perceptions, and values that people, usually in one industry or in one organization, share in relationship to safety Identify at least 3 of the standard precautions in health care and describe their importance in a SAR environmen - CORRECT ANSWER - gloves: when touching any bodily fluids, change gloves between tasks and infectious material. Facial protection: surgical mask and eye protection or a face shield to prevent splashes of bodily fluids. Clothing cover: protect skin and soiling of clothes List at least 3 general safety rules that should be followed during SAR operations - CORRECT ANSWER - personal responsibility for safety, personal preparedness, situational awareness
- Your Partners (other rescuers)
- The Victim or Subject
- Everything Else List the 13 categories of the equipment NASAR recommends to be in the 24 hour pack and identify items in the categories - CORRECT ANSWER - Survival/first aid/signaling: small bandages, dressings, antihistamine capsules, material for cleaning wounds, leaf bags, safety pins, wire, razor, paracord, whistle, LED light Self-rescue: carabiners, prusik loops, tubular webbing, multitool Hygiene/personal items: goggles, toilet paper, moist towelettes, sunglasses, sunscreen, insect repellent, shovel, lip balm, medications Navigation: compass, map, counter, grid reader, protractor, map ruler, GPS, altimeter Communications: cell phone, radio, batteries, charger Light sources: headlamp, flashlight, chemical light sticks Clothing and PPE: hat, helmet, clothing, footwear, gloves, eye protection, vest, socks, rainwear, walking poles, gaiters, bandana, dry bags Shelter: ground insulation, tarp, lead bags Food: nonperishable, high energy, no candy, salt or caffeine Hydration: water bladder, electrolyte powder Load bearing/packs: pack and front pack Search equipment: photo id, pad of paper, pencil, binoculars, tracking stick, flagging tape, tape measure Resource specific equipment: determined by local authority Mission specific equipment: determined by mission Discuss factors to consider when selecting the following equipment for use in SAR - CORRECT ANSWER - Head protection: a variety of helmets and required for use around helicopters and must meet many safety requirements Ground protection: insulate the cold ground and provide padding, they should be lightweight, soft, compact, waterproof, and a good insulator
Sleeping bag: comfort (temperature for women to sleep), lower limit (temperature for men to sleep), extreme (minimum temperature without risking hypothermia) Shelters: warmth, weight, waterproof, size, protection, material Nutrition: food is given to you on a search, carry the food you need, trail mix is good Hydration: weight, the water freezing, the amount of water Footwear: protect the ankle and foot, nonslip soles, light and flexible, fit correctly, loose fit Illumination: LED bulbs, do not become dependent on the light in the field, carry extra batteries Pack: distribute the weight, vent the body Contour Lines - CORRECT ANSWER - represent relative elevation and connect all points at the same elevation above sea level True North Magnetic North Grid North - CORRECT ANSWER - line from any position to the North Pole, all lines of longitude, indicated by a star direction in which the compass points, has the letters "MN" and an arrow vertical UTM grid lines, GN Azimuth - CORRECT ANSWER - direction of object measured in degrees from North Identify the key features of the orienting compass - CORRECT ANSWER - base plate, scale, direction of travel, orienting arrow, magnetic needle, orienting lines, degree dial bezel Describe how to obtain a bearing on the map and transfer it correctly to the field - CORRECT ANSWER - orienting your map: turning it so north and the map is facing north and turn your body to make sure the map and the field match
Identify at least 3 different examples of equipment and technology resources and describe their value to a SAR mission - CORRECT ANSWER - radio frequency systems, terrestrial trunked radio systems, wireless communication Explain the difference between technical and nontechnical travel - CORRECT ANSWER - walking and nontechnical is for getting to the search area, climbing and technical is accessing the search area, technical rescue, etc. List 3 considerations the SAR professional should consider in preparing for the rigors of the SAR environment - CORRECT ANSWER - drink water, wear proper clothes, eat proper foods Describe the importance of route and pace as they relate to walking technique - CORRECT ANSWER - factor terrain, weather, and vegetation need to be taken into consideration and breathing and rests need to be taken into consideration too Describe several alternatives to consider when confronted with traveling through thick brush
- CORRECT ANSWER - walk around, avoid drainages, travel in areas with a lot of trees, walk in the creek, deer trails Describe at least 3 points to consider when selecting a crossing site on a fast moving stream or river - CORRECT ANSWER - 45 degree angle downstream, don't cross right next to a waterfall, avoid the rocky areas, go in deeper water, point feet upstream and not downstream otherwise it can be trapped Discuss considerations for safe uphill and downhill foot travel - CORRECT ANSWER - zigzag route, stay on the balls of your feet, pivot when changing directions for uphill; snow is ideal, dig heels into the hill, use hands for balance for downhill Track Aware - CORRECT ANSWER - conscious that sign, tracks, and prints exist and may be useful Tracking - CORRECT ANSWER - an impression left from the passage of a person or animal
Sign - CORRECT ANSWER - any evidence of change from the natural state that is inflicted on an environment by a person's or an animal's passage Sign Cutting - CORRECT ANSWER - looking for sign to establish a starting point from which to track. Usually performed perpendicular to the direction of travel of a subject. Also called cutting sign Step-By-Step Method of Tracking - CORRECT ANSWER - a disciplined tracking methodology and teaching system where a tracker sees each step in sequence and proceeds no further than the last visible track, using the stride to determine where next to look for gait Medial - CORRECT ANSWER - a medical term that describes something that is situated toward the middle or midline of the body Lateral - CORRECT ANSWER - a medical term used to describe something situated away from the muddle or to the side of the body; usually to the left or the right Supination - CORRECT ANSWER - a movement of the foot and the leg in which the foot rolls outward with an elevated arch so that in walking the foot tends to come down on its outer edge Pronation - CORRECT ANSWER - rotation of the medial bones in the midtarsal region of the foot inward and downward so that in walking the foot tends to come down on its inner margin Describe the method and proper use of a sign cutting or tracking stick - CORRECT ANSWER - looking for a sign to establish a starting point from which to track, searching for the first track Describe the method of labeling partial and complete tracks and right and left tracks - CORRECT ANSWER - indicate whether left or right, and circle if fully identifiable, short hash mark is made at the right end of the arc to indicate right
