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An experiment protocol for distinguishing ionic and covalent compounds based on their properties, including solubility, melting point, and electrical conductivity. Students are asked to observe and record the results of various compounds and identify patterns.
Typology: Exercises
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Name__________________________________ Differences Between Ionic and Covalent Compounds A compound is defined as the chemical combination of two or more elements. A chemical bond is the “glue” that holds atoms of different elements together. Bonds can be classified into two general types: ionic and covalent. Ionic bonds generally occur between a metallic atom and a nonmetallic atom. The ionic bond involves a transfer of electrons from the metallic atom to the nonmetallic atom, resulting in a charge difference. The positively charged metal ion is then attracted to the negatively charged nonmetal ion. Covalent bonding generally occurs between atoms that are nonmetallic and it involves the sharing of electrons. Properties such as melting point, solubility, and electrical conductivity are some of the properties that can help you distinguish ionic from covalent compounds. In this experiment, you will observe several properties of some ionic and covalent compounds and attempt to recognize some patterns among the properties. The patterns are generalizations that do not apply to all ionic and covalent compounds. Purpose: To observe properties of various compounds and identify those properties as either primarily ionic or primarily covalent. Prelab:
Test the conductivity of each solution with a conductivity tester. Record your results. Rinse out the spot plate.
Data: Compound (formula) Type of Bonding Description Solubility (warm) Electrical Conduc- tivity Melting point High or low Phase at room temp. A. Potassium chloride KCl B. Sugar C 12 H 22 O 11 C. Sodium Chloride NaCl D. Canola oil C 22 H 42 O 2 E. dextrose C 6 H 12 O 6 F. Calcium chloride CaCl 2 G. Glycerin C 3 H 8 O 3 Questions: