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N172 DIABETES MELLITUS PHARMACOLOGY TEST QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS., Exams of Nursing

N172 DIABETES MELLITUS PHARMACOLOGY TEST QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS.

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2024/2025

Available from 04/16/2025

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N172 :DIABETES MELLITUS: PHARMACOLOGY TEST
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
Normal Glucose range -- Answer ✔✔ 74-110 mg/dL
High blood glucose signals which organ to release what? -- Answer ✔✔ Insulin released
by Beta cells of Pancreas
At home insulin patient teaching -- Answer ✔✔ Stay in same anatomical region for all
squares THEN move to new area
-More consistent absorption
When to change insulin pump site? -- Answer ✔✔ 2-3 days
Lipodystrophy -- Answer ✔✔ Abnormality in the metabolism or deposition of fats.
-Insulin lipodystrophy is the loss of local fat deposits in diabetic patients as a
complication of repeated insulin injections.
basal insulin -- Answer ✔✔ -Small but constant stream of insulin
Bolus insulin -- Answer ✔✔ a single, large dose of medicine
-shot
-insulin pump
Can Type 1 diabetes be on oral insulin? -- Answer ✔✔ NO
Type 2 diabetes oral meds facts -- Answer ✔✔ Advantages:
-less chance of hypoglycemia
-more flexibility
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N172 :DIABETES MELLITUS: PHARMACOLOGY TEST

QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS

Normal Glucose range -- Answer ✔✔ 74 - 110 mg/dL High blood glucose signals which organ to release what? -- Answer ✔✔ Insulin released by Beta cells of Pancreas At home insulin patient teaching -- Answer ✔✔ Stay in same anatomical region for all squares THEN move to new area

  • More consistent absorption When to change insulin pump site? -- Answer ✔✔ 2 - 3 days Lipodystrophy -- Answer ✔✔ Abnormality in the metabolism or deposition of fats.
  • Insulin lipodystrophy is the loss of local fat deposits in diabetic patients as a complication of repeated insulin injections. basal insulin -- Answer ✔✔ - Small but constant stream of insulin Bolus insulin -- Answer ✔✔ a single, large dose of medicine
  • shot
  • insulin pump Can Type 1 diabetes be on oral insulin? -- Answer ✔✔ NO Type 2 diabetes oral meds facts -- Answer ✔✔ Advantages:
  • less chance of hypoglycemia
  • more flexibility

Disadvantages:

  • rely on meds than fix lifestyle
  • GI distress*
  • drug-drug interactions Insulin pen -- Answer ✔✔ Preload insulin cartridge with 2 units then set to desired dose per policy Insulin Storage -- Answer ✔✔ - Can be stored in refrigerator or at room temperature *NEVER FREEZE
  • prefilled syringe good for 1 week
  • NPH + prefilled= roll in palm *NEVER SHAKE Insulin pump -- Answer ✔✔ a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion device that delivers insulin on a 24-hour basis *Rapid-acting insulin
  • change site every 2-3 days Somogyi effect -- Answer ✔✔ Undetected hypoglycemia during sleep *TOO MUCH INSULIN
  • Causing rebound hyperglycemia How to fix Somogyi effect? -- Answer ✔✔ Decrease evening insulin

Snack :) Dawn phenomenon -- Answer ✔✔ Hyperglycemia upon awakening How to fix dawn phenomenon? -- Answer ✔✔ Give insulin later or Increase insulin dose Nateglinide (Starlix) -- Answer ✔✔ Meglithinides

Is insulin measured in units or mL or mg? -- Answer ✔✔ units Rapid acting insulin (LAG) -- Answer ✔✔ 10min ONSET- Sliding scale

  • Lispro
  • Aspart
  • Gluisine Short acting insulin -- Answer ✔✔ 30min ONSET- Sliding scale REGULAR only insulin given via IV
  • Humulin
  • Novolin Intermediate acting insulin -- Answer ✔✔ 4 hour PEAK NPH
  • Humulin N
  • Novolin N Long acting insulin -- Answer ✔✔ NO PEAK- once a day dose "do not mix"
  • Glargine (Lantus) Storing insulin -- Answer ✔✔ Keep opened vials at room temp Discard opened vials after 1 month (28days) Refrigerate UNOPENED vials Expiration date applies to unopened, refrigerated insulin Durable pens and dosing devices should not be refrigerated once in use Do not shake insulin; roll gently in palm of hand to warm and resuspend Biguanides -- Answer ✔✔ Metformin (Glucophage)

*1st line for Type 2 MOA & SE of Biguanides -- Answer ✔✔ MOA:

  • decrease hepatic glucose production rate
  • enhance insulin sensitivity SE:
  • GI: diarrhea, bloating
  • lactic acidosis (muscle) Glipizide (Glucotrol) -- Answer ✔✔ Sulfonylurea Glyburide (Diabeta, Glynase) -- Answer ✔✔ Sulfonylurea Glimepiride (Amaryl) -- Answer ✔✔ Sulfonylurea MOA & SE of Sulfonylureas -- Answer ✔✔ MOA:
  • stimulate insulin production
  • enhance insulin sensitivity SE:
  • Weight gain
  • Hypoglycemia Low blood glucose signals which organ to release what? -- Answer ✔✔ Glucagon released by Alpha cells of Pancreas Liver releases Glucose into blood = normal blood glucose levels Muscle and fat cells take in glucose from blood = normal blood glucose levels Rapid acting onset and peak? -- Answer ✔✔ Onset: 10min onset- Sliding scale