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My NERC Test 1 | Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated 202 5 /202 6
(Graded A+)
A misoperation occurred when an overhead ground wire on a 230KV transmission line between two substations broke and fell across A phase of the line. One of the line circuit breakers failed to open causing the breaker failure relay to pick up and as a result tripped the entire substation bus off line that the failed circuit breaker was feeding off of. Who is charged with the responsibility to develop procedures to ensure misoperations are reviewed and analyzed to determine proper mitigation plans? - ✔✔D. Regional Reliability Organization for the area. The transmission operator that you work for is installing new relays on some of their major transmission tie lines using newer technology. Who should your company notify before work is begun? - ✔✔C. Neighboring Transmission Operators, Balancing authorities, and Generator Operators. When shall the transmission Operators and balancing authorities review and update emergency plans? - ✔✔A. Annually When the responsible entity tags a dynamic schedule, what values should it use for the energy profile? - ✔✔Expected average MW profile for each hour. You are reliability coordinator in the eastern interconnection. Transmission Operator AB is in your Reliability Area. Transmission Operator AB reports that a 600 MW generator that tripped offline has caused an overload of a 345/138/13KV Inter-tie Transformer Bank. You realize that if the overloaded transformer trips off line, it would create an IROL. There are several Interchange Transactions that have parallel flows that are flowing through that transformer. What should you do? - ✔✔D. Issue a TLR on enough interchange transactions starting with the lowest priority and working up, until enough are curtailed to relieve the transformer from its overload condition. Which entities may determine the deviation of a dynamic schedule constitutes a Reliability concern? Also, what entity must notify of that determination and the reason for the determination? - ✔✔B. A Reliability Coordinator or transmission operator makes the determination and must notify the purchasing-selling entity. Which entity would make the original request for an EEA event? - ✔✔A. Balancing Authority
At 0620 local time, interconnection frequency is 60.025 Hz. Balancing Authority A's ACE at that time is - 100MW and it's L10 value is 50MW. By 0625, it's ACE has changed to - 25MW and the frequency has decreased to 60.012 Hz. By 0630, A's ACE is - 5MW and frequency is 60.001 Hz. For the 10 minute period, balancing authority A's average ACE was 55MW. What control performance standard has the BA violated(if any)? - ✔✔B. CPS 2 The daily plan is usually generated using unit committee and software. - ✔✔C.Power flow simulation A severe lightning storm has hit your transmission system. Two 345KV lines have been damaged and are unable to be reenergized. Two large generators of 500MW and 700MW have tripped off line. No additional generators are available to bring on line. The parallel 230KV and 138KV lines are loaded at their emergency limits. As a system operator, what should you do? - ✔✔A. Curtail load. At the end of September, Balancing Authority C had CPS2 violations. Did Balancing Authority C pass or fail their CPS2 requirements for the month? What was their final CPS2 percentage score for the month of September? - ✔✔B. Passed. With 91.7% Transmission Operators frequently use distance relays to protect their transmission lines. These distance relay schemes quite often use zones of protection. - ✔✔A. three You are ready to restore power to a generator facility. Which of the following transmission lines would be the best choice to energize the facility? - ✔✔A. 10 mile, over head TX line When there is a problem in another part of the interconnection, a RC is expected to do all of the following EXCEPT? - ✔✔b. Disseminate information outside the RC's area You experience a full system shutdown. You are in the process of restoring load and you are concerned about re-collapsing the system. Which is the best approach in the restoration process that will help ensure your system will be restored successfully? - ✔✔B. Maintain frequency 59.5 HZ and 60.5 HZ
A 500 MW generator trips in a Balancing Authority external to your Balancing Authority Area. Which of the following responses would you expect to see in your area? - ✔✔A. Net Actual Interchange would be greater than Scheduled Interchange In order to predict the system's near term load pattern, a system operator must have information including weather forecasts and - ✔✔A. past load patterns When would be the best time to schedule a capacitor bank outage? - ✔✔C. during projected light loading The voltage on the power system is starting to drop due to the normal pick up during the morning hours. As a transmission operator, where should you try and increase the reactive power on the transmission and distribution system? - ✔✔B. As close the heaviest inductive load areas as possible What Energy Alert Level would the following example be categorized as? A Balancing Authority, Reserve Sharing Group, or Load Serving Entity foresees, or is experiencing conditions where all available resources are committed to meet firm load, firm transactions, etc, and requests and Energy Emergency Alert. - ✔✔B. Energy Emergency Alert Level I Insulator maintenance must be performed on a 230 kV line. Maintenance personnel inform you that the line must be de-energized tomorrow to perform the maintenance. In the past, outages of this line on high load days have resulted in an SOL violation on your system. This outage must be coordinated with?
- ✔✔D. your reliability coordinator and any transmission operator or balancing authority that may be impacted by the outage The system operator experiences a major transmission system disturbance which results in a large loss of load. Which of the following results is most likely to occur: - ✔✔A. Inertia of the generation connected to the system will increase the speed of the rotation of the units with results in an increase in system frequency Each Transmission Operator and Balancing Authority shall provide its operating personnel at least days per year of training and drills using realistic simulations of system emergencies. - ✔✔C. Five Conditions that might require a reliability coordinator to notify other reliability coordinators include which of the following?
- Sabotage events
- Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit Violations
- Voltage reductions
- Insufficient resources
- Arming of special protection systems - ✔✔A. 1,2,3,4, and 5 A generator is connected to the bulk electric system through three transmission lines (A,B,C) all rated at 340 MVA. Line A is loaded to 300 MVA and line C is loaded at 100 MVA. Following the loss of Line C, 40% of the flow will shift to Line A. Field personnel request an emergency outage on Line C for repair. Which of the following is the best course of action? - ✔✔A. Grant the outage request and redispatch generation if necessary While assessing a proposed Interchange Transaction, the System Operator from a Sending Balancing Authority on the scheduling path notes that with the proposed ten-minute ramp and a schedule increase of 400 MW, available generation on AGC will be unable to meet the ramp. What should the System Operator do? - ✔✔D. Deny the proposed Interchange Transaction and provide the reason for doing so If load reduction is needed to correct an IROL issue, it is the responsibility of the to have an emergency load reduction plan in place for all identified IROL's - ✔✔A. Transmission Operator A Transmission Operator experiences loss of a 2330 - kV transmission line on a permanent fault. It will be out of service for two hours. In addition to making proper notifications, the transmission operator should take which of the following actions? - ✔✔C. Prepare for the next contingency Turbine Governors arrest frequency deviations. Of the following, which control system compares and brings Net Actual Interchange back in line or as close to Net Scheduled Interchange as possible? - ✔✔C. Automatic Generation Control Inadvertent energy accumulation between power systems are normally balanced by scheduling compensating deliveries of power - ✔✔C. During periods corresponding to those in which the inadvertent energy was accumulated
- Generator - ✔✔C. 1 and 4 If you remove a parallel transmission line from service to relieve an IROL or SOL violation, what will happen to the loading on the remaining transmission facilities? - ✔✔A. increase Which of the following is considered to be a reliability event? A. All of the answers are correct B. Loss of generation or load C. Interconnection, regional, or local overload relief or congestion management procedures D. SOL or IROL potential or actual limit violation - ✔✔A. all of the answers are correct The system is heavily loaded. Adjusting an under load tap changer (ULTC) tap setting to support low side voltage will move MVARs from the primary (high) side to the secondary (low) side of the transformer. As the MVARs move from the high side to the low side of the transformer, what will be the result of a tap change on the ULTC to raise low side voltage as the high and low side voltages become closer together in magnitude? - ✔✔A. the low side voltage will increase very little Of the following entities, which one is not required to receive tags and modifications to tags via a secure network from the Sink Balancing Authority? - ✔✔C. Purchasing selling entities involved in the transaction A tree has been growing under a 230KV transmission line getting closer every year. As a result of the heavy transfer of megawatts on this particular day, the line sags too close and flashes over to the tree causing the transmission line to relay out. What type of fault would this fault be classified as? - ✔✔A. ground fault A firm transaction is set to start at the top of the hour that will overload a constraint to 10 MW above an identified SOL. Non-firm transactions are running that have PTDFs of 0.2 on the constraint in question. How much non-firm will have to be cut in order to stay within the SOL? - ✔✔C. 50 When a system suffers a generation loss, the stored energy, or system inertia, in the Interconnection immediately supplies replacement energy resulting in a drop in. - ✔✔C. frequency
In performing its reliability analysis, a RC identifies a potential reliability problem. What action should the RC take? - ✔✔B. initiate a conference call with impacted entities The change in demand-supply balance following a sudden loss of load or generation failure, results in a sudden change in the Balancing Authority's. - ✔✔D. ACE A major disturbance occurs with substantial loss of load. The disturbance report states that the cause of the disturbance was angle instability. Angle instability is the result of: - ✔✔D. a loss of magnetic bonds Which of the following is NOT a potential source of Contingency Reserve? - ✔✔B. offline generation requiring 30 mins to start NERC Standard PER- 001 requires the Transmission Operator and the Balancing Authority to provide to operating personnel to implement real-time actions to ensure the stable and reliable operation of the Bulk Electric System. - ✔✔A. responsibility and authority A Transmission line is overloaded by 25% above it's SOL. A parallel line is out for routine maintenance and can be placed in service in 10minutes. What is the first step the Operator should take to reduce the line loading? - ✔✔D. Initiate the restoration of the parallel line At 0925, the Interchange Authority receives a Request for Interchange from a Purchasing-Selling Entity. It indicates there will be the following entities involved in the Interchange Schedule: Source Balancing Authority, Sink Balancing Authority, two Intermediate Balancing Authorities, two Transmission Service Providers and four PSEs. Which entities must receive the Arranged Interchange for reliability assessment? - ✔✔A. Source, Intermediate and Sink Balancing Authorities and the two Transmission Service Providers A BA is monitoring several frequency locations in its area and notices a frequency reading at one location varies significantly from the locations. What might the BA conclude? - ✔✔A. An island condition has occurred. The total capacity of both the owned and arranged-for transmission facilities in service for a Transmission Service Provider between two Balancing Authorities is 320 MW. The established network Total Transfer Capability between the two Balancing Authorities is 380 MW. What is the maximum net interchange schedule between the two Balancing Authorities? - ✔✔C. 320 MW
You are a Reliability Coordinator in the Eastern Interconnection. A flow gate has become overloaded because a parallel 345KV line has relayed out and part of that load has transferred over to the flow gate causing an SOL and possible IROL violation. What would you do to relieve this violation? - ✔✔B. Implement the appropriate congestion management procedure. If an unscheduled bus outage results in associated lines being overloaded, the system operator should use generation redispatch to relieve the overloaded line conditions. If generation redispatch does not work to relieve the problem, the system operator must. - ✔✔C. Shed load in an area that would relieve the line-loading problem. What group can approve a change in the Disturbance Recovery Period for an Interconnection? - ✔✔D. NERC Operating Committee Which entity is responsible for ensuring tags are submitted for interchange transactions that are between Balancing Authority Areas, all transfers that are entirely within a Balancing Authority Area using point-to-point transmission service and all dynamic schedules at the expected average MW profile? - ✔✔D. The Load-serving Purchasing-Selling Entity. A Transmission Operator should remember that if the system can support voltage now, as system load increases, and. - ✔✔C. the reactive requirements will change; the operator must respond accordingly Two Balancing Authorities have arranged a schedule of 500 MW between them, well within their transfer capability. Before the ramp has begun, the Reliability Coordinator informs them that implementing the schedule will result in overloading a transmission line in a neighboring system. What action should the two Balancing Authorities take? - ✔✔B. Reduce the schedule to a level that will not cause a problem in the neighboring system. What type of relays would you most likely find on each end of a 75 mile 230KV transmission line? - ✔✔C. 21 Distance and a 64 Ground or 67 Directional Overcurrent When the frequency of an Interconnection decreases due to the loss of a large generator, the until the combination of both and replace the output of the lost generator. - ✔✔A. Frequency will continue to drop, generator governor response, decrease in load
According to NERC, by the end of the business day following the actual operation, two adjacent Balancing Authorities must agree upon what values with regard to inadvertent interchange?
- The hourly values of Net Interchange Schedule.
- The hourly values of each Interchange Transaction
- The hourly integrated megawatt-hour values of individual interconnecting tie lines
- The hourly integrated megawatt-hour values of Net Actual Interchange. - ✔✔D. 1 and 4 only A System Operator identifies a transmission line that is operating at 100% of its thermal limit. What should be done? - ✔✔A. Monitor for necessary action. UVLS schemes are designed to drop load in. - ✔✔D. pre-selected blocks The Roxboro - Milburnie Black 230 - kV line has 80 MW and 60 MVAR flowing into Milburnie Substation. What is the power factor? - ✔✔A. 80% The Purchasing-Selling Entity responsible for tagging a dynamic interchange schedule of 350 MW learns that the most recent hourly integrated value of the schedule was 320 MWH. Which of the following actions is appropriate for the PSE? - ✔✔B. No action is necessary. A Balancing Authority that is generation deficient shall not use the assistance provided by the Interconnection's frequency bias to. - ✔✔A. Delay action to restore the real power balance During a lightning storm, a fault on a transmission line results in the transmission relay operations to lock-out and the transmission line cannot be returned to service. After running a contingency analysis, the Transmission Operator realizes that if another transmission line relays, there could be cascading outages into a neighboring system. Which of the following actions is appropriate for the Transmission Operator? - ✔✔A. Notify others in the Interconnection of the situation via an Interconnection-wide telecommunications system. On June 6th, the Interconnection Time Monitor called for the third time error correction of the month. What will be the designation of this time error correction? - ✔✔A. Time error correction C
The Frequency schedule for the Interconnection is 60.000 Hz. The Balancing Authority operator notices that the actual frequency has been running from 60.035 to 60.045 for 30 minutes. This indicates to the Balancing Authority Operator that there. - ✔✔B. is more generation than load Which of the following is a device capable of monitoring and recording system data pertaining to a disturbance? - ✔✔C. Disturbance monitoring equipment In the ACE equation, ß is used to convert what value to megawatts? - ✔✔D. Frequency error (Hz) Transient instability occurs when a disturbance such as a fault on the system causes power angle excursions greater than that makes the system unstable. - ✔✔D. 90 degrees A power system with long transmission lines that connect remote generation to load centers is more likely to have SOLs or IROLs determined by: - ✔✔A. Angle stability limitations A Balancing Area's pre-contingency ACE is - 40 MW (below the zero balance point). At 15:25, event time ZERO, the BA looses 800 MW of generation; initial governor action arrests frequency decay and shows the BA's ACE is now - 852 MW. At 15:42 the BA's ACE has returned to - 42MW and the system frequency is 60.001Hz. Assuming that this event is within the DCS reporting criteria, what other actions is the BA required to take? - ✔✔C. No further system operating action is required. The Purchasing-Selling Entity responsible for tagging a dynamic interchange schedule of 350 MW learns that the most recent hourly integrated value of the schedule was 320 MWH. Which of the following actions is appropriate for the PSE? - ✔✔D. No action is necessary. Voltage is dropping on a 345kV transmission line. Which of the following devices can be used to increase Mvar production within the line? I. Shunt Capacitor II. Generator III. Underload tap changer increases to raise distribution voltage IV. Shunt Reactor - ✔✔A. I and II
An Interconnection has a - 10 second time error, how long will the Interconnection have to stay in a time error correction if the scheduled frequency is 60.02 Hz? - ✔✔B. 8.33 hours The Balancing Area Emergency Plan requires manual load reduction when the 230 kV voltage falls below .87 per unit (p.u.) or 87% of nominal voltage and remains there for a sustained period (longer than 10 minutes). When the system voltage returns to .9 p.u. or 90% manual load disconnection is not required. A generator trips off line within the BA and the nearby system voltage immediately drops to 200 kV and remains at that level for the next 3 minutes. What is the BA required to do? - ✔✔A. Immediately take any and all actions to raise the voltage EXCEPT removing firm system load. Notify the RC of what actions were performed. Notify neighboring BA's. Prepare for manual load reduction if the voltage remains below .9 p.u. over the next 7 minutes. Transmission Service Provider (TSP) has received a transaction request of 100 MW associated with an OASIS reservation of 95 MW. What should the TSP do? - ✔✔A. Deny the request. Protective relay systems are designed to accomplish which of the following? - ✔✔A. To detect failures or abnormal conditions quickly. The Transmission Operator shall have an emergency load reduction plan for all identified .. - ✔✔A. IROL's A simple power system is composed of three transmission lines that connect the generation area to the load area. The three transmission lines are the same length but each has a different impedence. The impedence of Line #1 is 30 ohms, Line #2 is 40 ohms, and Line #3 is 60 ohms. The SOL of each line is 500 MW. If 1000 MW is flowing from generation to load, what will be the flow on Line #2 if Line #1 trips? Will Line #2 violate its SOL? - ✔✔C. 600 MW & Yes A Generator Operator has some vibration problems with a 500MW coal fired steam generator. As the result of the vibration problems the Generator Operator has to set the maximum reactive power production for that unit at 25 Megavar instead of the normal 200 Megavar. Who should the generator operator notify as the result of this problem? - ✔✔D. Transmission Operator
Which of the following is NOT a correct action a Transmission Operator would consider when reactive resources are limited? - ✔✔A. Keep voltage schedules as low as the schedules will allow. When a Reliability Coordinator refers to a GMD, what is being referred to? - ✔✔B. Geo-Magnetic Disturbance If a circuit breaker does not have a synch-check, reclosing relay and has a large standing phase angle across it, how can the system operator know if it is safe to close the breaker avoiding shock torque to the neighboring generators? - ✔✔D. Use the synchroscope in the substation control room as a guide to show you how to adjust the system to improve the phase angle. A Balancing Authority has unexpectedly lost 400 MW of generation and has arranged to receive emergency energy from a neighboring Balancing Authority for at least three hours. What entity is responsible for providing a tag for this transaction? - ✔✔D. The Balancing Authority that lost the generation 150MW is flowing into a 200MVA transformer. What MW value is flowing on the lowside winding of the transformer? - ✔✔C. 150MW Inadvertent interchange accumulations paid back by controlling to a target of non-zero ACE and limited by the Balancing Authority's L10 is known as,. - ✔✔D. unilateral payback A TOP area has an instantaneous automatic Under-Frequency Load Shed Scheme segmented into a sequence of 4 Steps: Step 1 = 59.500Hz. removes 25MW; Step 2 = 59.300Hz. removes 20MW; Step 3 = 59.100Hz. removes 20MW; and Step 4 = 58.900Hz. removes an additional 15MW. Step 3 & 4 will automatically reset and re-close restoring load when the frequency returns to 60Hz. A large event occurs causing the system frequency to fall to 59.000Hz. and returns to 60Hz after 12 minutes. Assuming a constant load factor, what is the total load the TOP must restore manually once the frequency has recovered to 60.000Hz.? - ✔✔A. 45 MW Which of the following actions is used to prevent voltage collapse when reactive resources are insufficient? - ✔✔C. Implement load reduction.
During the Periodic Reviews of Transmission Operators and Balancing Authorities required by NERC Standard PER-002, operating personnel will be reviewed and assessed compared to the training program curriculum. - ✔✔D. training records
