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Gastrocnemius |- |correct |answer |✔A: |plantarflexes |and |inverts |foot |at |ankle, |O:femoral |condyles I: |Calcaneus |via |achilles |tendon Soleus |- |correct |answer |✔A: |plantarflexes |and |inverts |foot |at |ankle O: |Upper |1/3 |of |fibia I: |Calcaneus |via |achilles |tendon Tibialis |Anterior |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Dorsiflexes |and |inverts |foot |at |ankle O: |Lateral |condyle |of |tibia I: |plantar |surface |of |first |metatarsal |and |cuneiform Tibialis |Posterior |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Inverts |and |plantarflexes |the |foot |at |ankle. |Medial |ankle |stabilizer. | O: |Lateral |part |of |posterior |surface |of |tibia, |proximal |2/3 |of |medial |surface |of |fibula. | I: |Tuberosity |of |navicular, |with |branches |to |sustenaculum |tali |of |calcaneus, |plantar |surfaces |of |all | 3 |cuneiforms, |cuboid, |and |bases |of |2nd, |3rd, |and |4th |metatarsal |bones.
Popliteus |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Rotates |tibia |medially |on |the |femur, |or |femur |laterally |on |tibia. |Brings |knee |out |of |full |extension. |Helps |with |posterior |stability |of |knee O: |Lateral |condyle |of |the |femur I: |Posterior |surface |of |tibia |above |soleal |line. Plantaris |- |correct |answer |✔A: |plantar |flexes |and |inverts |the |foot |at |the |ankle, |flexes |the |leg |at |the |knee. | O: |Lower |part |of |lateral |supracondylar |line |of |femur, |and |oblique |popliteal |ligament |of |knee. | I: |Posterior |part |of |the |calcaneus |medial |to |the |achilles |tendon. Peroneus |Longus |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Eversion |and |plantar |flexion |of |foot |at |ankle. |Gives |lateral |stability |to |the |ankle. O: |Head |and |proximal |2/3 |of |lateral |tibia | I: |Lateral |margin |of |plantar |surface |of |1st |cuneiform |and |metatarsal. Peroneus |Brevis |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Eversion |and |plantar |flexion |of |the |foot |at |the |ankle. |Gives |lateral |stability |to |the |ankle. | O: |Distal |2/3 |of |the |lateral |fibula. | I: |Tuberosity |on |lateral |side |of |5th |metatarsal Peroneus |Tertius |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Dorsiflexes |and |everts |the |foot |at |the |ankle. | O: |Distal |1/3 |of |anterior |surface |of |fibula. |
Flexor |Digitorum |Longus |- |correct |answer |✔Action: Flexion |of |toes |2- Plantar |flexion |of |foot Inversion |of |foot Origin: Tibia |(posterior |middle |shaft) Insertion: Distal |phalanges |of |toes |2- Comment: Tendon |provides |attachment |for |quadratus |plantae |(insertion) |and |lumbrical |(origin) |muscles Vastus |Medialis |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Extends |leg |at |knee |and |draws |patella |medially. |O: |Lower |1/2 |of |intertrochanteric |line, |tendons |of |adductor |magnus |and |adductor |longus I: |Medial |border |of |the |patella |and |through |the |ligamentum |patallae |into |tibial |tuberosity Vastus |Intermedius |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Extends |leg |at |the |knee O: |Proximal |2/3 |of |anterolateral |surface |of |femur, |upper |part |of |lateral |supracondylar |line I: |by |tendons |of |the |rectus |and |vasti |muscles |into |the |superior |border |of |patella |and |through |patellar |ligament |into |tibial |tuberosity.
Vastus |Lateralis |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Extends |leg |at |the |knee |and |draws |patella |laterally O: |Upper |part |of |intertrocheanteric |line, |anterior |and |lower |borders |of |greater |trochanter, |tendon |of |gluteus |maximus I: |Lateral |border |of |the |patella |and |through |the |patellar |ligament |into |the |tibial |tuberosity Rectus |Femoris |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Extension |of |leg |at |knee. |Flexion |of |thigh |at |hip O: |Straight |head: |anterior |inferior |iliac |spine Reflected |head: |Groove |on |upper |brim |of |acetabulum I: |Upper |border |of |patella |and |through |patellar |ligament |into |tibial |tuberosity Semimembranosus |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Flexes |and |Medially |rotates |the |leg |at |the |knee. |Extends, |adducts |and |medially |rotates |the |thigh |at |the |hip. O: |Upper |and |lateral |aspect |of |ischial |tuberosity I: |Posterior |surface |of |medial |condyle |of |the |tibia Semitendinosus |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Flexes |and |medially |rotates |the |leg |at |the |knee. |Extends, |adducts |and |medially |rotates |the |thigh |at |the |hip. O: |Ischial |tuberosity |with |tendon |of |the |long |head |of |the |biceps |femoris. I: |Anterior |and |medial |surface |of |the |shaft |of |the |tibia |just |below |the |condyle. Biceps |Femoris |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Flexion |and |lateral |rotation |of |the |leg |at |the |knee, |extends, |adducts |and |laterally |rotates |the |thigh |at |the |hip. |The |short |head |is |the |primary |leg |flexor |when |the |long |head |is |placed |at |a |disadvantage |by |the |extended |thigh.
O: |Superior |2/3 |of |iliac |fossa, |internal |border |(inner |lip) |of |iliac |crest, |anterior |sacroiliac, |lumbosacral |and |iliolumbar |ligaments, |ala |of |sacrum. I: |Lesser |trochanter |of |femur |and |for |a |short |distance |below |along |medial |border |of |shaft. Psoas |Major |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Flexion |of |the |thigh |at |the |hip. |Minimal |action |in |lateral |rotation |of |the |thigh. O: |Anterior |surfaces |of |transverse |processes. |Lateral |borders |of |vertebral |bodies |and |corresponding |intervertebral |discs |of |T12-L I: |Lesser |trochanter |of |femur |and |for |short |distance |below |along |medial |border |of |the |shaft. Piriformis |- |correct |answer |✔A: |rotates |thigh |laterally |and |abducts |the |flexed |thigh |at |the |hip. O: |Anterior |surface |of |sacrum |between |and |lateral |to |anterior |sacral |foramina, |capsule |of |sacroiliac |articulation, |margin |of |the |greater |sciatic |foramen, |and |sacrotuberous |ligament. I: |Superior |border |of |greater |trochanter |of |femur. Gemellus |Superior |- |correct |answer |✔A: |laterally |rotates |the |extended |thigh |at |the |hip, |can |also |produce |horizontal |extension, |abducts |the |flexed |thigh. O: |Outer |surface |of |the |ischial |spine I: |With |tendon |of |Obturator |internus |into |the |medial |surface |of |the |greater |trochanter |of |the |femur. Gemellus |Inferior |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Laterally |rotates |the |extended |thigh |at |the |hip, |can |also |produce |horizontal |extension. |Abducts |the |flexed |thigh.
O: |Superior |aspect |of |the |ischial |tuberosity. I: |With |tendon |of |obturator |internus |into |the |medial |surface |of |the |greater |trochanter |of |the |femur. Obturator |Externus |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Lateral |rotation |of |the |femur |at |the |hip. | O: |Outer |surface |of |obturator |membrane |and |the |margin |of |bone |immediately |around |the |medial |side |of |the |obturator |foramen, |from |the |rami |of |the |pubis |and |the |inferior |ramus |of |the |ischium. I: |Trochanteric |fossa |on |the |medial |aspect |of |the |greater |trochanter. Obturator |Internus |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Laterally |rotates |the |extended |thigh |at |the |hip. |Can |also |produce |horizontal |extension. |Abducts |the |flexed |thigh. O: |Pelvic |surface |of |obturator |membrane |and |bony |margin |of |the |obturator |foramen. I: |Medial |surface |of |the |greater |trochanter |of |the |femur. Quadratus |Femoris |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Lateral |rotation |of |the |femur |at |the |hip. O: |Superior |aspect |of |the |lateral |border |of |the |ischial |tuberosity. I: |Superior |aspect |of |the |quadrate |line |which |extends |downward |from |the |intertrochanteric |crest |of |the |femur. Quadratus |Lumborum |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Lateral |flexion |of |the |lumbar |vertebral |column; |helps |action |of |the |diaphragm |in |inspiration. O: |Illiolumbar |ligament, |posterior |part |of |the |iliac |crest.
Gracilis |- |correct |answer |✔A: |adducts |and |medially |rotates |thigh. |Flexes |and |medially |rotates |leg. O: |Anterior |aspect |of |lower |1/2 |of |symphysis |pubis |and |medial |margin |of |inferior |ramus |of |pubis I: |Anterior |and |medial |surface |of |the |shaft |of |the |tibia |just |below |the |condyle. Sartorius |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Flexes, |laterally |rotates |and |abducts |the |thigh. |Flexes |and |assists |in |medial |rotation |of |the |leg. O: |ASIS |and |upper |half |of |the |notch |below |it. I: |Anterior |and |medial |surface |of |the |shaft |of |the |tibia |just |below |the |condyle. Tensor |Fasciae |Latae |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Thigh |flexion |at |the |hip, |abduction, |and |medial |rotation. |Stabilizes |the |knee |laterally. |Tenses |the |iliotibial |tract. O: |Anterior |part |of |outer |lip |of |iliac |crest, |outer |surface |of |ASIS. I: |Iliotibila |band |of |fascia |lata |on |the |anterolateral |aspect |of |thigh, |about |1/3 |of |the |way |down. Supraspinatus |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Abduction |of |humerus |at |the |shoulder |joint. |Stabilization |of |the |glenohumeral |joint. O: |Medial |2/3 |of |supraspinous |fossa. I: |Superior |surface |of |greater |tubercle |of |humerus |and |capsule |of |shoulder |joint. Longus |Capitis |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Acting |bilaterally, |flexes |cervical |vertebrae |& |head.
Acting |unilaterally, |rotates |& |laterally |flexes |cervical |vertebrae |& |head |to |the |same |side. O: |Anterior |tubercles |of |transverse |processes |of |the |3rd-6th |cervical |vertebrae Infraspinatus |- |correct |answer |✔A:Lateral |rotation |of |humerus |at |the |shoulder. |Stabilization |of |the |glenohumeral |joint. O: |Infraspinous |fossa |of |scapula. I: |Posterior |aspect |of |greater |tubercle |of |humerus, |and |capsule |of |shoulder |joint. Subscapularis |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Medial |rotation |of |the |humerus |at |the |shoulder. |Stabilization |of |the |glenohumeral |joint. O: |Entire |anterior |surface |of |the |subscapular |fossa. I: |Lesser |tubercle |of |humerus |and |capsule |of |shoulder |joint. Teres |Minor |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Lateral |rotation |of |humerus |at |the |shoulder. |Stabilization |of |head |of |humerus. O: |Superior |2/3 |of |dorsal |surface |of |axillary |border |of |scapula. I: |Inferior |aspect |of |greater |tubercle |of |the |humerus, |capsule |of |the |shoulder |joint. Teres |Major |- |correct |answer |✔A: |adducts |and |medially |rotates |humerus |at |the |shoulder. |Extends |the |shoulder |joint. O: |Dorsal |surface |of |inferior |angle |of |the |scapula |on |lower |1/3 |of |scapular |axillary |border. I: |Medial |lip |of |intertubercular |sulcus |of |humerus. |Medial |to |latissimus |dorsi |tendon.
I: |Radial |tuberosity |and |biciptal |aponeurosis Triceps |Brachii |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Extends |forearm |at |the |elbow. |Long |head |aids |in |adduction |and |extension |of |the |arm |at |the |shoulder. O: |Long |Head: |Infraglenoid |tubercle |of |scapula Lateral |Head: |Super |1/2 |of |posterior |lateral |surface |of |humerus. Medial |Head: |Inferior |2/3 |on |the |posterior |surface |of |the |humerus I: |Supraposterior |surface |of |the |olecranon |process |of |the |ulna |and |deep |fascia |of |the |forearm. Brachialis |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Flexes |forearm |at |the |elbow O: |Lower |1/2 |of |the |anterior |surface |of |the |humerus I: |Tuberosity |and |coronoid |process |of |the |ulna Brachioradialis |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Flexion |of |the |arm |at |the |elbow. |Pronates |and |supinates |to |midposition. O: |Proximal |2/3 |of |the |lateral |supracondylra |ridge |of |the |humerus |and |lateral |intermuscular |septum. I: |Lateral |side |of |base |of |styloid |process |of |the |radius Anconeus |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Extension |and |pronation |of |the |forearm |at |the |elbow. O: |Posterior |surface |of |lateral |epicondyle |of |humerus. I: |Lateral |side |of |olecranon |process |and |posterior |surface |of |proximal |portion |of |ulna
Supinator |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Supinates |the |forearm O: |lateral |epicondyle |of |humerus, |radial |collateral |ligament |of |elbow, |annular |ligament |of |radius |and |the |supinator |crest |of |ulna. I: |An |oblique |line |on |the |lateral |anterior |surface |of |the |upper |1/3 |of |radius. Diaphragm |- |correct |answer |✔A: |principal |muscle |of |respiration. |Draws |the |central |tendon |downward, |during |quiet |inspiration, |pressing |against |the |abdominal |viscera. | O: |An |approximately |circular |line |passing |entirely |around |the |inner |surface |of |the |body |wall I: |The |central |tendon, |which |is |an |oblong |sheet |forming |the |summit |of |the |dome. Internal |Intercostals |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Depresses |the |ribs |during |expiration O: |Superior |border |of |rib |below I: |Inferior |border |of |rib |above External |Intercostals |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Elevate |ribs |during |inspiration O: |Inferior |border |of |rib |above I: |Superior |border |of |rib |below Serratus |Anterior |- |correct |answer |✔A: |protracts |scapula |and |rotates |it |upwards |to |point |the |glenoid |cavity |superiorly. |Stabilizes |vertebral |border |of |scapula |to |thoracic |cage, |along |with |rhomboids |and |middle |trapezius. O: |Superior |lateral |surfaces |of |upper | 8 |or | 9 |ribs |at |the |side |of |the |chest. I: |Costal |surface |of |the |vertebral |border |along |the |inferior |angle |of |scapula
Rhomboid |Minor |- |correct |answer |✔A: |retracts |and |elevates |the |scapula. |Assists |in |rotating |the |scapula |downwards. O: |Lower |part |of |ligamentum |nuchae, |spinous |processes |of |C7 |and |T1. I: |Medial |border |of |scapula |at |the |root |of |the |spine |of |the |scapula. Pectoralis |Major |(Sternal |Division) |- |correct |answer |✔A: |flexion, |adduction, |medial |rotation |and |horizontal |flexion |of |the |humerus |at |the |shoulder. |Also |extends |flexed |humerus. |Through |its |action |on |the |humerus |it |depresses, |protracts |and |rotates |scapula |downwards. O: |Sternum |to |7th |rib, |cartilages |of |true |ribs |and |aponeurosis |of |external |abdominal |oblique |muscle I: |Lateral |lip |of |the |intertubercular |sulcus |of |the |humerus. |Creset |of |greater |tubercle. Pectoralis |Major |(Clavicular |division) |- |correct |answer |✔A: |flexion, |adduction, |horizontal |flexion |and |medial |rotation |of |the |humerus |at |the |shoulder. O: |Anterior |surface |of |the |medial |1/2 |of |the |clavicle I: |Lateral |lip |of |the |intertubercular |sulcus |of |the |humerus. |Crest |of |greater |tubercle Pectoralis |Minor |- |correct |answer |✔A: |depresses |scapula |and |rotates |scapula |downward. |Important |anterior |shoulder |stabilizer. O: |Anterior |surfaces |of |3rd, |4th, |and |5th |ribs |near |the |costal |cartilages. I: |Coracoid |process |of |the |scapula
Subclavius |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Depresses |clavicle, |pulls |it |inferiorly |and |anteriorly. O: |1st |rib |at |the |junction |of |the |costal |cartilage. I: |Groove |on |the |inferior |surface |of |the |clavicle, |between |the |costoclavicular |and |conoid |ligaments. Trapezius |(lower |division) |- |correct |answer |✔A: |depresses |the |scapula. |Retracts |the |scapula. |Rotates |the |scapula |upward |so |the |glenoid |cavity |faces |superiorly. |Gives |inferior |stabilization |of |scapula. |Aids |to |maintain |spine |in |extension. O: |Spinous |processes |of |6th-12th |thoracic |vertebrae. I: |Medial |1/3 |of |spine |of |the |scapula Trapezius |(middle |division) |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Retracts |and |aids |in |elevation |of |scapula. O: |Spinous |processes |of |1st-5th |thoracic |vertebrae I: |Superior |border |of |spine |of |scapula Trapezius |(upper |division) |- |correct |answer |✔A: |elevates |the |scapula |as |in |shrugging |the |shoulders. |Rotates |the |scapula |upwards |s |the |glenoid |cavity |faces |superiorly, |when |acting |with |other |sections |of |the |trapezius |it |retracts |the |scapula. O: |External |occipital |protuberance, |medial |1/3 |of |superior |nuchal |line, |ligamentum |nuchae |and |spinous |process |of |the |7th |cervical |vertebrae I: |Lateral |1/3 |of |clavicle |and |acromion |process
Internal |Abdominal |Oblique |(lateral |division) |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Acting |unilaterally, |approximates |thorax |and |pelvis |laterally. |Contributes |to |rotation |of |the |trunk |on |the |fixed |pelvis |toward |the |side |of |contraction. | Acting |bilaterally, |flexes |the |trunk |on |the |pelvis. O: |Middle |1/3 |of |the |iliac |crest |on |the |middle |line |and |thoracolumbar |fascia I: |Inferior |borders |of |the |10th, |11th |and |12th |ribs Internal |Abdominal |Oblique |(anterior |division) |- |correct |answer |✔A: |acting |unilaterally, |rotates |the |trunk |to |the |same |side, |and |laterally |flexes |the |trunk |toward |the |side |of |the |muscle |contraction. | Acting |bilaterally, |flexes |the |vertebral |column, |approximating |the |anterior |thorax |and |pelvis. Supports |and |compresses |the |abdominal |viscera. |Assists |in |forced |expiration. O: |Lateral |2/3 |of |the |inquinal |ligament |and |the |anterior |1/3 |of |the |middle |(or |intermediate) |line |of |the |iliac |crest External |Abdominal |Oblique |- |correct |answer |✔A: |acting |unilaterally, |rotates |the |trunk |to |the |opposite |side, |and |flexes |it |laterally |on |the |side |of |muscle |contraction. |If |rotation |is |only |activity, |the |opposite |internal |oblique |is |synergist. Acting |bilaterally, |flexes |the |trunk |anteriorly, |supports |and |compresses |the |abdominal |viscera, |giving |anterior |support |to |the |spinal |column. Gives |anterior |stabilization |to |pelvis, |decreasing |lordosis. |Assists |in |forced |expiration. O: |External |surfaces |and |inferior |borders |of |the |5th-12th |ribs |by |tendinous |slip |that |interdigitate |with |those |of |serratus |anterior |and |latissimus |dorsi.
I: |Linea |alba |by |means |of |the |broad |abdominal |aponeurosis |from |ribs |to |crest |of |pubis, |inquinal |ligament |and |the |anterior |half |of |the |iliac |crest |along |the |outer |lip. Multifidus |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Acting |unilaterally, |lateral |flexion |and |rotation |to |the |opposite |side. | Acting |bilaterally, |extension |of |the |spine. O: |Posterior |surface |of |the |sacrum, |the |dorsal |end |of |the |iliac |crest, |the |mamillary |and |transverse |processes |of |the |lumbar |and |the |thoracic |vertebrae |and |the |articular |processes |of |the |4th-7th |cervical |vertebrae. I: |Spinous |processes |of |all |the |vertebrae |except |the |atlas. Rotatores |Brevis |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Acting |unilaterally, |rotation |of |the |spine |to |the |opposite |side. Acting |bilaterally, |extension |of |the |spine. O: |Transverse |processes |of |the |vertebrae. I: |Bases |of |the |spinous |processes |(lamina) |of |the |1st |vertebra |above. Rotatores |Longus |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Acting |unilaterally, |rotation |of |the |spine |to |the |opposite |side. Acting |bilaterally, |extension |of |the |spine. O: |Transverse |processes |of |the |vertebrae I: |Bases |of |the |spinous |processes |(lamina) |from |the |2nd |vertebra |above. Levatores |Costarum |Breves |- |correct |answer |✔A: |Elevate |the |ribs |during |inspiration. |Extend |the |vertebral |column, |bend |it |laterally |and |rotate |it |slightly |toward |the |opposite |side.
