Muscles of the Head and Neck: Myology, Types, Attachments, and Coordination, Study notes of Anatomy

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MUSCLES OF THEMUSCLES OF THE

HEAD AND NECKHEAD AND NECK

MyologyMyology

Muscle attachment sitesMuscle attachment sites

 TendonTendon -- attachment site to bonesattachment site to bones

 OriginOrigin -- relatively fixed during muscular contraction (generally arelatively fixed during muscular contraction (generally a

more proximal location)more proximal location)

 InsertionInsertion -- moveable during the contractionmoveable during the contraction

 BellyBelly -- fleshy portion of the muscle in between attachment sitesfleshy portion of the muscle in between attachment sites

Connective tissuesConnective tissues

 LigamentLigament -- fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bonesfibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones

 AponeurosisAponeurosis -- layer of flat broad tendonlayer of flat broad tendon

 TendonTendon -- tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usuallytough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually

connects the muscle to boneconnects the muscle to bone

FasciaFascia

 layer of fibrous tissue thatlayer of fibrous tissue that surrounds muscles, groups ofsurrounds muscles, groups of

muscles, blood vessels and nervesmuscles, blood vessels and nerves, binding those structures, binding those structures

togethertogether

 allow the muscles to slide upon each other during movementallow the muscles to slide upon each other during movement

Muscles of the HeadMuscles of the Head

Muscles of the mouth Origin Insertion Action Innervation

M. orbicularis oris

juga alveolaria of incisors, inferior part of apertura piriformis

labial skin

mouth closing, labial constriction, labial puckering

N.facialis

M. levator labii superioris

inferior edge of aditus orbitae labium superius elevation of upper lip

M. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

angulus medialis orbitae et dorsum nasi

sulcus nasolabialis elevation of upper lip and enlargement of nostril

M. levator anguli oris fossa canina angulus oris elevates angulus oris

M. zygomaticus minor os zygomaticum sulcus nasolabialis pulls angulus oris laterocranially

M. zygomaticus major os zygomaticum sulcus nasolabialis pulls oral angle laterocranially

Muscles of the

mouth

Origin Insertion Action Innervation

M. risorius fascia masseterica angulus oris traction of oral angle laterocranially

N.facialis

M. buccinator

processus alveolaris of the posterior teeth et raphe buccopharyngeum

angulus oris

compresses cheeks againts molar teeth; sucking and blowing

M. depressor anguli oris basis mandibulae angulus oris traction of angulus oris caudally

M. depressor labii inferioris basis mandibulae labium inferius traction of lower lip caudally

M. mentalis juga alveolaria of lower incisors skin of the chin pulls chin skin cranially, protrudes lower lip

Masticatory

muscles

Origin Insertion Action Innervation

M. temporalis

planum temporale (as farplanum temporale (as far as linea temporalis inf.) andas linea temporalis inf.) and internal surface of temporalinternal surface of temporal fasciafascia

processus coronoideusprocessus coronoideus mandibulaemandibulae

elevation andelevation and retrusionretrusion

N.trigeminusN.trigeminus

M. masseter pars superficialis

corpus ossis zygomatici etcorpus ossis zygomatici et arcus zygomaticusarcus zygomaticus (anterior ⅔)(anterior ⅔)

tuberositas massetericatuberositas masseterica elevation andelevation and protrusionprotrusion

M. masseter pars profunda

arcus zygomaticusarcus zygomaticus (posterior ⅓)(posterior ⅓)

external surface ofexternal surface of ramus mandibulaeramus mandibulae retrusionretrusion

M. pterygoideus medialis pars medialis

fossa pterygoideafossa pterygoidea tuberositas pterygoideatuberositas pterygoidea

elevationelevation

M. pterygoideus medialis pars lateralis

tuber maxillaetuber maxillae tuberositas pterygoideatuberositas pterygoidea

M. pterygoideus lateralis pars superior

facies infratemporalis alaefacies infratemporalis alae majoris ossis sphenoidalismajoris ossis sphenoidalis

discus articularis etdiscus articularis et fovea pterygoideafovea pterygoidea protrusion andprotrusion and

M. pterygoideus depressiondepression

lateralis pars inferior

lateralis processuslateralis processus pterygoideipterygoidei

discus articularis etdiscus articularis et fovea pterygoideafovea pterygoidea

Muscles of the NeckMuscles of the Neck

Superficial muscles Origin Insertion Action Innervation

M. platysma fascia pectoralis etfascia pectoralis et deltoideadeltoidea

skin over basisskin over basis mandibulaemandibulae stretches cervical skinstretches cervical skin n. facialisn. facialis -- cervical branchcervical branch

M. sternocleidomastoideus

manubrium sterni etmanubrium sterni et clavicula (medialclavicula (medial ⅓ )⅓ )

processusprocessus mastoideus et lineamastoideus et linea nuchae superiornuchae superior

bilateral: dorsiflexion of thebilateral: dorsiflexion of the head and neck; unilateral:head and neck; unilateral: lateroflexion of the headlateroflexion of the head and neck; auxiliaryand neck; auxiliary inspiratory m.inspiratory m.

n. accessorius,n. accessorius, plexus cervicalisplexus cervicalis

Scalene muscles Origin^ Insertion^ Action^ Innervation

M. scalenus anterior and medius

processus transversi ofprocessus transversi of cervical vertebraecervical vertebrae first ribfirst rib unilateral: lateroflexion andunilateral: lateroflexion and rotation of neck; bilateral:rotation of neck; bilateral: flexes neck; auxiliaryflexes neck; auxiliary inspiratory musclesinspiratory muscles

Plexus cervicalisPlexus cervicalis

M. scalenus posterior processus transversi ofprocessus transversi of cervical vertebraecervical vertebrae second ribsecond rib