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Worksheet 1: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System (Exercise 15)
MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
Muscle Location Origin Insertion Action
A
FRONTALIS
Covers forehead cranial aponeurosis Skin of eyebrows and root of
nose
Raises eyebrows
B
ORBICULARIS OCULI
Surrounds orbit Frontal and maxillae; eyelid
ligaments
Eyelid tissue Closes, blinks and squints
eye
C
TEMPORALIS
Covers temporalis Temporal Mandible Closes jaw
D
ZYGOMATICUS
Extends diagonally from
mouth to cheekbone
Zygomatic Skin and muscle at corner of
mouth
Raises corners of mouth
E
MASSETER
Covers lateral jawbone Zygomatic arch Mandible Closes jaw
F
ORBICULARIS ORIS
Surrounds mouth; forms
lips
Maxillae & mandible Muscle & skin at angles of
mouth
Closes mouth; purses lips
G
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
Anterolateral neck deep to
platysma
Sternum & clavicle Temporal Together flex head; alone
turn head
__
PLATYSMA
Superficial neck Chest fascia Mandible; skin & muscle
around mouth
Depresses mandible; sags
mouth
C
A
B
D
F
G
E
Worksheet 1: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System (Exercise 15)
Worksheet 1: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System (Exercise 15)
Worksheet 1: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System (Exercise 15)
Muscle Location Origin Insertion Action
K BICEPS BRACHII anterior arm; has two heads
short head - coracoid
process of scapula;
long head - capsule of joint
proximal/medial radius
(radial tuberosity) flexes forearm at elbow;
supinates forearm
L BRACHIALIS deep to muscle K distal anterior humerus
proximal anterior ulna
(coronoid process)
flexes forearm at elbow
M TRICEPS BRACHII posterior arm; has three
heads
long head - inferior margin of
glenoid fossa
lateral and medial heads -
posterior humerus
proximal posterior ulna
(olecranon process)
extends forearm at elbow
N PRONATOR TERES
anterior elbow and proximal
forearm
distal medial humerus (medial
epicondyle) and coronoid
process of ulna
middle of radius pronates and flexes forearm
O FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS anterior forearm
distal medial humerus (medial
epicondyle)
base of metacarpals II and III flexes wrist and abducts
hand
P PALMARIS LONGUS anterior forearm; medial to
muscle O
distal medial humerus (medial
epicondyle)
palmar aponeurosis flexes wrist
Q FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
anterior forearm; medial to
muscle P
distal medial humerus (medial
epicondyle) and olecranon
process of ulna
base of metacarpal V flexes wrist and adducts
hand
R FLEXOR DIGITORUM
SUPERFICIALIS
anterior forearm; deep to
muscles O, P, and Q
distal medial humerus (medial
epicondyle), medial ulna,
anterior radius
middle phalanges of digits II
to V flexes wrist and fingers
S EXTENSOR CARPI
RADIALIS LONGUS
lateral forearm lateral distal humerus base of metacarpal II extends and abducts wrist
T EXTENSOR CARPI
RADIALIS BREVIS
posterior forearm; posterior
to muscle S
lateral distal humerus
(lateral epicondyle) base of metacarpal III extends and abducts wrist
Worksheet 1: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System (Exercise 15)
MUSCLES OF
THE LOWER
EXTREMITIES
(SEE
FIGURES)
Worksheet 1: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System (Exercise 15)
Muscle Location Origin Insertion Action
A
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
buttocks region; largest and
most superficial
dorsal ilium, sacrum, and
coccyx
posterior/proxi-mal femur
and facia lata
extends hip; laterally rotates
thigh
B
GLUTEUS MEDIUS
deep to the gluteus
maximus lateral ilium
PROXIMAL/LATERAL femur
(greater trochanter)
abducts and medially
rotates thigh
GLUTEUS MINIMUS
deepest gluteal muscle ilium PROXIMAL/LATERAL femur
(greater trochanter)
abducts and medially
rotates thigh
C
ILIOPSOAS
anterior/proximal thigh iliac fossa and vertebrae T 12
and L 1
- L
PROXIMAL/MEDIAL femur
(lesser trochanter) flexes hip
D
SARTORIUS
runs obliquely across
anterior thigh from hip to
knee
anterior/superior iliac spine medial/proximal tibia flexes and laterally rotates
thigh;
flexes knee
E
TENSOR FASCIA LATAE on lateral thigh
anterior iliac crest and
anterior/superior iliac spine fascia lata
flexes, abducts and medially
rotates thigh
F
BICEPS FEMORIS most lateral hamstring ischial tuberosity and distal
femur
head of fibula and lateral
condyle of tibia
extends thigh; laterally
rotates leg; flexes knee
G
SEMITENDINOSIS medial to muscle F ischial tuberosity medial upper tibia
extends and medially
rotates thigh; flexes knee;
H
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS deep to semitendinosis ischial tuberosity medial condyle of tibia
extends and medially
rotates thigh; flexes knee;
I
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS medial thigh ischial and pubic rami linea aspera of femur
adducts, laterally rotates,
and flexes thigh
Worksheet 1: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System (Exercise 15)
Muscle Location Origin Insertion Action
J
ADDUCTOR LONGUS medial thigh medial pubis linea aspera of femur
adducts, laterally rotates,
and flexes thigh
— ADDUCTOR BREVIS medial thigh body and inferior pubis linea aspera of femur
adducts, laterally rotates,
and flexes thigh
K
RECTUS FEMORIS
superficial muscle of
anterior thigh (quadriceps)
anterior/inferior iliac spine
and superior acetabulum tibial tuberosity
extends knee and flexes
thigh at hip
L
GRACILIS
superficial muscle of medial
thigh inferior and body of pubis medial head of tibia
adducts thigh; flexes and
medially rotates leg
M
VASTUS LATERALIS lateral/anterior thigh
PROXIMAL/LATERAL femur
(greater trochanter); linea
aspera
tibial tuberosity extends knee
N
VASTUS MEDIALIS medial/anterior thigh linea aspera tibial tuberosity extends knee
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS deep to recus femoris anterior and lateral femur tibial tuberosity extends knee
O
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
superficial/anterio-lateral
leg; parallels tibial crest
lateral condyle and proximal
2/3 of tibia; interosseus
membrane
inferior surface of tarsal and
metatarsal dorsiflexion and inverts foot
P
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
LONGUS
anterolateral leg; lateral to
muscle O
lateral condyle of tibia;
proximal 3/4 of fibula; inter-
osseus membrane
middle and distal phalanges
of toes toe extension; dorsiflexes
and everts foot
Q
FIBULARIS (PERONEUS)
LONGUS
superficial lateral muscle of
leg
head and proximal fibula under foot of metatarsal and
medial tarsal
plantar flexes and everts
foot
Worksheet 1: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System (Exercise 15)
R
FIBULARIS (PERONEUS)
BREVIS
deep to fibularis (peroneus)
longus
distal fibula shaft
behind lateral maleolus to
prox-imal metatarsal V
plantar flexes and everts
foot
S
GASTROCNEMIUS superficial posterior leg
by two heads—medial and
lateral condyles of femur calcaneus
plantar flexes foot and flexes
knee
T
SOLEUS deep to gastrocnemius proximal tibia and fibula calcaneus plantar flexes foot
