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its all about multimedia networks
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(^) 7.1 Multimedia Networking Applications (^) 7.2 Streaming stored audio and video (^) 7.3 Real-time Multimedia: Internet Phone study (^) 7.4 Protocols for Real-Time Interactive Applications (^) RTP,RTCP,SIP (^) 7.5 Distributing Multimedia: content distribution networks
(^) 7.6 Beyond Best Effort (^) 7.7 Scheduling and Policing Mechanisms (^) 7.8 Integrated Services and Differentiated Services (^) 7.9 RSVP
origin server in North America
CDN distribution node
CDN server in S. America (^) CDN server in Europe
CDN server in Asia
http://www.foo.com/sports.ruth.gif with http://www.cdn.com/www.foo.com/sports/ruth.gif
HTTP request for www.foo.com/sports/sports.html
DNS query for www.cdn.com
HTTP request for www.cdn.com/www.foo.com/sports/ruth.gif
1 2
3
Origin server
CDNs authoritative DNS server
Nearby CDN server CDN company (cdn.com) (^) distributes gif files (^) uses its authoritative DNS server to route redirect requests
Thus far: “making the best of best effort” Future: next generation Internet with QoS guarantees (^) RSVP: signaling for resource reservations (^) Differentiated Services: differential guarantees (^) Integrated Services: firm guarantees (^) simple model for sharing and congestion studies:
(^) Example: 1Mbps IP phone, FTP share 1.5 Mbps link. (^) bursts of FTP can congest router, cause audio loss (^) want to give priority to audio over FTP
packet marking needed for router to distinguish between different classes; and new router policy to treat packets accordingly
Principle 1
(^) Allocating fixed (non-sharable) bandwidth to flow: inefficient
use of bandwidth if flows doesn’t use its allocation
While providing isolation, it is desirable to use resources as efficiently as possible
Principle 3
(^) Basic fact of life: can not support traffic demands beyond link capacity
Call Admission: flow declares its needs, network may block call (e.g., busy signal) if it cannot meet needs
Principle 4