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Multi-Subject CST:Birth to 2nd grade ELA
Phonemic awareness Instruction - ✔️ ✔ Correct Answer Instruction that teaches student's how to read and improves reading comprehension, and also helps children to learn to spell. In Reading: children who are fast and accurate readers are able to better focus on the meaning of the reading. Other influences: World experiences, and the size of a child's vocabulary
In spelling: teaching how to segment words into phonemes, helps children learn to spell. Children who have phonemic awareness understand that sounds and letters are related in a predictable way. They are able to relate sounds to letters as they spell words.
PHONEME MANIPULATION - ✔️ ✔ Correct Answer When children work with phonemes in words, they are manipulating the phonemes. Types of phoneme manipulation include blending phonemes to make words, segmenting words into phonemes, deleting phonemes from words, adding phonemes to words, or substituting one phoneme for another to make a new word.
When is Phonemic Awareness is most effective? - ✔️ ✔ Correct Answer When children are taught to manipulate phonemes by using the letters of the alphabet. Teaching sounds along with the letters of the alphabet is important because it helps children to see how phonemic awareness relates to their reading and writing. When teaching phonemic awareness, the student will benefit more from focusing on... - ✔️ ✔ Correct Answer no more than two types of phoneme manipulations. Child who may be at risk of having reading difficulties will benefit from - ✔ ️ ✔ Correct Answer Systematic and explicit phonic instruction. Phoneme - ✔ ️ ✔ Correct Answer a phoneme is the smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the
meaning of words. English has 41 phonemes. A few words, such as a or oh, have only one phoneme. Most words, however, have more than one phoneme: The word if has two phonemes (/i/ /f/); check has three phonemes (/ch/ /e/ /k/), and stop (/s/ /t/ /o/ /p/) has four phonemes. Sometimes one phoneme is represented by more than one letter. Grapheme - ✔️ ✔ Correct Answer a grapheme is the smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word. A grapheme may be just one letter, such as b, d, f, p, s; or several letters, such as ch, sh, th, -ck, ea, -igh. Phonics - ✔ ️ ✔ Correct Answer The understanding that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes (sounds
Syllable - ✔️ ✔ Correct Answer A word part that contains a vowel, or, in spoken language, a vowel sound Onset and Rime: - ✔ ️ ✔ Correct Answer Parts of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger than phonemes. An onset is the initial consonant sound of a syllable; a rime is the part of a syllable that contains the vowel and all that follows it. STOP (st = onset; op = rime) Phonemic awareness (Teaching best practices) - ✔️ ✔ Correct Answer Effective phonemic awareness instruction teaches children to notice, think about, and work with (manipulate) sounds in spoken language. Phoneme isolation - ✔️ ✔ Correct Answer Children recognize individual sounds in a word.
Teacher: What is the first sound in van? Children: The first sound in van is /v/. Phoneme identity - ✔️ ✔ Correct Answer Children recognize the same sounds in different words. Teacher: What sound is the same in fix, fall, and fun? Children: The first sound, /f/, is the same. Phoneme categorization - ✔️ ✔ Correct Answer Children recognize the word in a set of three or four words that has the "odd" sound. Teacher: What word doesn't belong? Bus, Bun, Rug. Children: Rug does not belong. It doesn't begin with /b/. Phoneme blending - ✔️ ✔ Correct Answer Teacher: What word is /b/ /i/ /g/? Children: /b/ /i/ /g/ is big.
- Teacher: (Writes grab on the board.) Now we're going to read the word grab. Phoneme deletion - ✔ ️ ✔ Correct Answer Children recognize the word that remains when a phoneme is removed from another word. Teacher: What is smile without the /s/? Children: Smile without the /s/ is mile Phoneme addition - ✔️ ✔ Correct Answer Children make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing word. Teacher: What word do you have if you add /s/ to the beginning of park? Children: Spark. Phoneme substitution - ✔ ️ ✔ Correct Answer Children substitute one phoneme for another to make a new word. Teacher: The word is bug. Change /g/ to /n/. What's the new word?
Children: bun.
