Motivation to learn Dr. Anju Agarwal, Slides of Psychology

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MOTIVATION To

LEARN

DR ANJU AGARWAL

Learning objectives

 What is motivation?  Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation  How does motivation help in learning?  How can a teacher build intrinsic motivation?

 Motivation results from the interaction of both conscious and unconscious factors such as

 Intensity of desire or need

 Incentive or reward value of the goal

 Expectations of the individual and of his or her peers

 Extrinsic motivation is motivation to perform and succeed for the sake of accomplishing a specific result or outcome

 External motivation comes from influences outside of the individual

 Common extrinsic motivators are rewards and the threat of punishment

 Thus extrinsically motivated learners may have to be enticed or prodded, may process information only superficially, and are often interested in performing only easy tasks and meeting minimal classroom requirements

 However extrinsic motivation is equally necessary

 Thus intrinsically motivated learners tackle assigned tasks willingly and are eager to learn classroom material, more likely to process information in effective ways (e.g., by engaging in meaningful learning), and more likely to achieve at high levels.

 Goals Orientation

 Performance Goals: student is motivated by the desire to gain recognition from others and earn good grades. A performance goal is, "I want to get an A in this subject."

 Learning Goals: student is motivated by desire for knowledge acquisition and self- improvement. A learning goal is, "I want to master this subject."

 Motivation directs behavior toward particular goals****.

 Social cognitive theorists propose that individuals set goals for themselves and direct their behavior accordingly.

 Motivation determines the specific goals toward which learners strives.

 Thus, it affects the choices students make.

 Motivation leads to increased effort and energy.

 Motivation increases the amount of effort and energy that learners expend in activities directly related to their needs and goals.

 It determines whether they pursue a task enthusiastically and wholeheartedly or apathetically and lackadaisically.

 Motivation affects cognitive processes.

 Motivation affects what learners pay attention to and how effectively they process it

 For instance, motivated learners often make a concerted effort to truly understand classroom material—to learn it meaningfully—and consider how they might use it in future.

 Motivation determines which consequences are reinforcing and punishing.

 The more learners are motivated to achieve academic success, the more they will be proud of an A and upset by a low grade.

 The more learners want to be accepted and respected by peers, the more they will value membership in the “in” group and be distressed by the ridicule of classmates.

How to motivate

students

Building student motivation

requires commitment on the

part of teachers