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Approaches to Understanding Motivation, The Role of the Hypothalamus, Three Elements of Emotion.
Typology: Lecture notes
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Think about how you become “motivated” to do certain types of things. Some motivation is biological (think primary) and other motivation is social or secondary. Look at some of the tasks below and comment on whether your personal motivation to do these things is BIOLOGICAL or SOCIAL Task Motivation Study for a Test Talk to that cute girl/boy Eat a whole cheeseburger Get a job Escape a building during a fire
1. Identify and apply basic motivational concepts to understand the behavior of humans and other animals (i.e. instincts, incentives, intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation) 2. Discuss the biological underpinnings of motivation including needs, drives and homeostasis 3. Compare and contrast the motivational theories (i.e. drive reduction theory, arousal theory, general adaptation theory) including the strengths and weaknesses of each 4. Describe research findings in specific motivation systems (eating, sex, social) 5. Discuss thetheories of stress and the effects on psychological and social well-being 6. Compare and contrast major theories of emotion (James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schacter Two Factor Theory) 7. Describe how cultural influences shape emotional expression, including variations in body language 8. Identify key contributors in the psychology of motivation and emotion (i.e. William James, Alfred Kinsley, Abraham Maslow, Stanley Schacter, Hans, Selye)
Chapter 8.1: Approaches to Understanding Motivation How do psychologists define motivation, and what are the key elements of the early instinct and drive-reduction approaches to motivation?
Need : a requirement of some material (such as food or water) that is essential to an organism’s survival. When an organism has a need, it leads to physiological tension and physical arousal that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill this need and reduce the tension This action is known as a drive.
There are several movies/TV shows that highlight motivation through speeches. Motivational speeches are a great way to tap into someone’s intrinsic or extrinsic motivation Watch the following motivational speeches from movies and decide if the speech is meant to appeal to the intrinsic or extrinsic part of human motivation. Title of Clip Motivation Theory Explanation Remember the Titans Rocky One Tree Hill The Pursuit of Happiness Mighty Ducks
1 ) What is the “ Distraction Effect ”? 2 ) Which parts of the brain are linked to self-motivation? 3 ) What is the strongest motivator for sustained behavioral changes? 4 ) Why isn’t optimism always the best strategy for getting motivated? 5) What is the “ What the Hell Effect ’?
1)How does the video define power? 2) What are the 6 sources of power? Briefly explain each source. 3) What strategies can you use to gain more power in public life? 4) Explain the statement: “Policy is frozen power” 5) Which 3 sources of power do you think are the most valuable? Explain your answer. 6) What does “Power” have to do with “Psychology”? Why should psychologists try to better understand power? Explain your answer
Chapter 8.2: Types of Needs What are the characteristics of the three types of needs?
Needs are a fundamental part of motivation, however not all needs are strictly physical/biological. Psychologist David C McClelland proposed a theory that highlights the importance of 3 psychological needs typically ignored by other theories: Achievement Affiliation Power
Need for Affiliation (nAff): The need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others. People high in this need seek to be liked and held in high regard by others. nAff people make good teammates
Need for Power (nPow): the need to have control or influence over others People high in this need want to have their ideas heard (regardless of whether or not their ideas will lead to success) Status and prestige (and $$$) are important to people with a high nPow
