Download Organic Chemistry: Functional Groups, Molecules, Amino Acids, and Sugars and more Quizzes Molecular biology in PDF only on Docsity!
4 Functional Groups
Hydroxyl, Alcohol Group OH Amine Group (from amino acid) NH Carboxyl Acid Group (also in amino acid) COOH (double bond between C and O) Methyl Group: bookends for large hydrocarbon chains/fatty acid tails CH *All functional groups have bookends or open ends! TERM 2
4 Organic Molecules
DEFINITION 2 Oxygen O2 (double bonded) Carbon Dioxide CO2 (double bonded) Water H2O Methane CH4...Not Methyl! No bookend or open end! TERM 3
4 General Structures of an Amino Acid
DEFINITION 3 An amine group NH2 (on the left) An acid group COOH (on the right) An obligatory carbon (on the bottom) An R group that always changes to form different amino acids (at the top) TERM 4
5 Colors of Molecules
DEFINITION 4 Black: Carbon White: Hydrogen Red: Oxygen (red blood cells carry oxygen) Blue: Nitrogen Purple: Phosphorus TERM 5
What makes up a Triglyceride?
DEFINITION 5 A glycerol head (3 carbon head) and 3 fatty acid tails (hydrocarbon chains), each with a methyl bookend
What's a defining trait in spotting Saturated
Fats?
NO double bonds between carbons! Each carbon is completely saturated with hydrogen TERM 7
What's a defining trait in spotting
Unsaturated Fats?
DEFINITION 7 Unsaturated fats have double bonds between carbons TERM 8
Dehydration Synthesis
DEFINITION 8 Monomers are joined by the removal of OH from one monomer and the removal of H from the other, at the site of bond formation; creates water. TERM 9
Hydrolysis
DEFINITION 9 Monomers are released by the addition of a water molecule, adding OH to one monomer and H to the other. *Water splitting TERM 10
What's another name for a complex
sugar?
DEFINITION 10 Starch
What is Lactase?
A Milk Sugar TERM 17
What is Maltose?
DEFINITION 17 A Malt Sugar TERM 18
How many different amino acids make up all
the proteins in the body?
DEFINITION 18 20, 20 different R groups *All amino acids end in -ine, except for 2 which end in acid TERM 19
How many polypeptides does it take to make
a protein?
DEFINITION 19 51 TERM 20
What does cholesterol do in cells?
DEFINITION 20 Cholesterol provides ridgity in cells. *Cholesterol is a sterol molecule
Galactose and Fructose are _____ of Glucose
because...
Isomers, because they all contain the same molecular formula C6H12O6; the atoms are just arranged differently TERM 22
What's the sugar in DNA and RNA?
DEFINITION 22 Deoxyribose in DNA and Ribose in RNA
