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& High School Chemistry - Core Concept Cheat Sheet Key Structure Terms Molecular Geometries * Valence Shell: Electrons in the outermost shell that are = central atom; X = ligands; E = lone pairs lpveived In Rording.. Electron | Molecular Name Shape * Lewis Structure: A 2D representation of a molecule and Regions Formula its bonds. 2 AX, Linear + Lone Pair: Pair of electrons not being shared in a bond. (BeCle, CO2) we * Bonding Pair: Pair of electrons used to make a bond. Both atoms sharing the electrons can “count” them in their 3 AXs Trigonal valence shell. Planar (BF, CO,” —@* * Single bond: One pair of shared electrons. NOs, 50.)’ 3 1 SOs * Double bond: Two pairs of shared electrons. Shorter and — stronger than a single bond. AXLE Bent + Triple bond: Three pairs of shared electrons. Shorter and (NOs, SOs, ee” stronger than a double bond. 03) * Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory 4 AX, Tetrahedron eo (VSEPR): Bonds and lone pairs are electrons, all electrons are negative, negative things repel other negative things, (CHa, NHa", therefore all bonds and lone pairs arrange themselves in 3D PO«", S04, as far away from each other as possible. Clos) + Electron Geometry: 3D structure of a molecule AGE Thoenall determined by counting the electron regions around a Gitte. Hat Pyramical iar H30', central atom (bonds and lone pairs). PCly, S03) * Electron Region: Each bond (single, double or triple) and 7OGE, Bene lone pair count as “1” electron region. al * Molecular Geometry: 3D structure determined by the (H20, ClOz", atoms bonded to the central atom. OF, SCl2) * Ligand: Atoms bonded to the central atom. 5 AX Trigonal bipyramidal VSEPR Theory and Geometry (PCls) Electron geometry is determined by looking at the number of electron regions around the central atom, GE SeaTeay Molecular geometry is determined by looking at the (SF, SCla) number of atoms bonded to the central atom (ligand) and be Tam the number of lone pairs around the central atom, Electronic Geometry Mnemonic: Linear(2) - Trigonal AX Ez Wehaped Planar(3) - Tetrahedral (4) - Trigonal Bipyramidal(5) - (CF, ICs) Octahedron(6) = “Long TriP To TriBe Overseas.” 3y TCh) Examples: AXLE; Linear (XeFa, Is) r 6 AXe Octahedron I | (SFee PCIs") Electron geometry: Tetrahedron Molecular geometry: Tetrahedron AXSE Square pyramidal ° (BrFs, IFs) ens HINst _ . AX, Ez Square | planar r (XeF4) Electron geometry: Tetrahedron Molecular geometry: Trigonal pyramidal How to Use This Cheat Sheet: These are the keys related to this topic. Try to read through it carefully twice then write it out on a blank sheet of paper. Review it again before the exams. RapidLearningCenter Rapid Learning Inc. All Right 
