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The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP), also known as the hexose monophosphate shunt, is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis. Its primary functions are to produce NADPH, which is essential for biosynthetic reactions and antioxidant defense, and to generate ribose-5-phosphate, a precursor for nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis. The pathway has two phases: Oxidative phase – converts glucose-6-phosphate into ribulose-5-phosphate, producing NADPH in the process. Non-oxidative phase – involves reversible interconversion of sugars, allowing cells to produce ribose-5-phosphate or feed intermediates back into glycolysis (like fructose-6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate). The PPP is especially active in tissues involved in fatty acid synthesis (like liver and adipose tissue) and in red blood cells for maintaining reduced glutathione levels.
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MrT^ NADPH
Repair of^ oxidative^ damage
Ribosesphosphate ->^ biosynthetic precursor ofnucleotides^
in
case
Used in DNA+RNA synthesis intere
Oxidative Phase^
low-so
Ribulose -^ ↓
(shappn+nt for DNA/RNA as well as (^) xylulose - S-phosphate for (^) non- Nucleotides, (^) coenzymes, nat Oxidative^ ppp DNA,^ RNA noc/lactone^ *
lactonase (^) ana (^) 6-phosphogluconate(meantt (^) versus Pentose Phosphate (^) Pathway * a 0- (^) CH20H nono.
phosphabetes conopo..**
coropa. Bbsphase
materia ↓
Xylulose S-phosphate Non-Oxidative Phase^ Glucosate polysis,^ A
Regenerates G-G-P^ from^ R-5-p*^
pentose (^) ⑪
complete conversion of ribose -^ 5-
inon
6 RSP to make (^5) G6P pathway *Non oxidative Phase results^ in Net^ Loss^ of^ Carbons,^ butnotenergy^ * 6-Phospho- oxidative reactions of^ gluconolactone pentosephosphate pathway B Ribose^ ---- onenicerisenoste C 6C (^) ↓
S-phosphate s^ "⑭
camerase by^ etolase^ Adolasev ↑ phosphonesee^ - S-phosphate^ X^ ylulose Glyceraldehyde^ a-phosphateErythroes^ 6-phosphatefructose^ ⑤s/ >NADPH^ -^1
i
⑲Ketolase"ancosphate Pentose S-phosphate^ Xylulose dyceraldely 3-phosphate be T TC phosphates