Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

DNA Replication: Mechanisms, Enzymes, and Related Concepts, Study notes of Biochemistry

A concise overview of dna replication, including key enzymes involved in the process such as dna polymerase, dna primase, dna ligase, topoisomerase and helicase. it details the mechanisms of leading and lagging strand synthesis, the role of okazaki fragments, and the concept of a palindromic sequence. furthermore, it explains dna denaturation and annealing, factors affecting dna denaturation (such as base composition, dna length, ph, and ionic strength), and the central dogma of molecular biology. The document also touches upon different types of rna, including mrna, rrna, trna, and mirna, and their functions in protein synthesis and gene regulation. This makes it a valuable resource for understanding fundamental concepts in molecular genetics.

Typology: Study notes

2022/2023

Available from 05/25/2025

asia-adams-lemar
asia-adams-lemar 🇺🇸

24 documents

1 / 2

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Replication
of
Genetic
code
DNA
prrmase
Strand
separation
occurs
first
DNA
ligase
RNA
Primer
\
DNA
polymerase
cpotay
\
\
Each
strand
serves
as
a
template
for
the
synthesis
of
a
new
strand
󲰜
:%%
.it/THBk1TT.ITTyHTTiMiE.o.
Lagging
synthesis
is
catalyzed
by
enzymes
(
DNA
polymerases
)
g
,
••
a-
sEs-
g.
Okazaki
fragment
GG
"
s
:÷*¥É¥¥qmµaa%É
÷iÉk!%ʰm*%¥¥Ñ
;
Newly
made
DNA
molecule
has
one
daughter
strand
and
one
parent
strand
--
\
Topoisomerase
°
"
DNA
polymerase
¥kgg§
'
Pas
)
Helicase
-
single
strand
Binding
proteins
Palindrome
5
'
-1111B
AM
3
'
TEE
T.TT #i F- 9-T 9-f--AF
Had
i#É¥÷i÷
÷÷÷÷÷÷÷;;÷÷÷i
÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷
.
"
"
"
"
÷
.
Palindromic
sequence
nucleic
acid
sequence
in
a
double
-
stranded
DNA
or
RNA
molecule
wherein
reading
in
a
certain
direction
on
one
strand
matches
the
sequence
reading
in
the
same
direction
on
the
complementary
strand
1116am
Dodona
DNA
Denaturation
Strand
Loool
"
-00
strand
oubienenxatnormai
-
temperatures
⑤↑HYÑÑ*M*£
1MÑÑk*ÑH*¥
Daughter
strands
Two
DNA
strands
dissociate
at
elevated
temp
Double
-
helical
DNA
Dissociation
-_
Denaturation
(
melting
)
Annealing
Denaturation
"Éo
H
-
bonds
broken
covalent
bonds
remain
intact
Ñ
two
strands
separate
Genetic
code
remains
intact
fÉE[k%ÉÉi
É↑¥
Base
stacking
lost
Partially
denatured
DNA
%g
Marika
Association
of
Association
__
Annealing
strands
by
basepa.mg
separation
of
strands
Two
strands
re
-
anneal
when
tempts
lowered
kg
Reversible
thermal
denaturation
+
annealing
form
the
basis
for
polymerase
H*ÑÑ%MH↑☒µµg
separated
strands
chain
reaction
of
DNA
in
random
coils
¥F¥^%*k¥%i
pf2

Partial preview of the text

Download DNA Replication: Mechanisms, Enzymes, and Related Concepts and more Study notes Biochemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Replication

of Genetic

code

DNA prrmase

Strand separation occurs first DNA ligase

RNA Primer

\

DNA polymerase

cpotay
\ \

Each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand

.it/THBk1TT.ITTyHTTiMiE.o.

Lagging

synthesis

is catalyzed by enzymes ( DNA polymerases ) g ,

☆••→ a- sEs→-

g.

Okazaki fragment GG

"

s

:÷*¥É¥¥qmμaa%É

÷iÉk!%ʰm*%¥¥Ñ

;

Newly

made DNA molecule has one daughter strand and one parent strand

--


Topoisomerase

°

"

DNA polymerase

¥k gg§

'Pas ) Helicase

  • single strand

Binding proteins

Palindrome

5

'

€-1111B

AM

3

'

TEE

T.TT#iF-9-T9-f--AF

Had

i#É¥÷i÷

÷÷÷÷÷÷÷;;÷÷÷i

÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷.

÷.

Palindromic sequence →nucleic acid sequence in a double

  • stranded DNA or RNA molecule wherein

reading in a certain direction on one strand matches the sequence reading

in the same

direction on the complementary strand

1116am

Dodona

DNA Denaturation

Strand Loool

"

  • strand

☐ oubienenxatnormai

  • temperatures

,Ñ⑤↑HYÑÑM£1M↓ÑÑk↑ÑH¥

Daughter

strands Two DNA strands dissociate at elevated temp

Double

  • helical DNA

Dissociation - _ Denaturation ( melting )

Annealing Denaturation

"Éo

H

  • bonds broken

covalent bonds remain intact

Ñᵈ

two strands separate

Genetic code remains intact

fÉE[k%ÉÉi

É↑¥

Base stacking

lost Partially

denatured DNA

ᵗ%g

Association Marika of

Association __ Annealing strands by

basepa.mg

separation

of strands

Two strands re

  • anneal when tempts lowered

kg

Reversible thermal denaturation

annealing

form the basis for polymerase H*ÑÑ%MH↑☒μμg☒

separated strands

chain reaction of DNA in random coils

¥F ¥^%*☒k¥%i☒

Factors Affecting

DNA Denaturation

Midpoint of melting ( Tm ) depends on base composition 100 § High CG C) Tm ¥ 80

Denaturation of large DNA molecules (not uniform ) J

s go

. % AT

rich regions melt at a lower temp than GC rich regions ÷ :

" Tm depends on DNA Length g- 410

. . . . . . : ' ' ' Longer DNA has higher Tm U 20

Important for short DNA is Tm depends on pH and ionic strength I

" 70 8/ 90 1/ 110 High salt increases Tm Tm / ◦ C) pH extremes (acidic / basic ) destabilize DNA

Central

Dogma •••••••._→£⑧[

r@ 00 transcription _a←Éanˢ'a+ ••••• 00

Go @ O•• protein amino acid chain DNA

RNA ¥±÷E%÷ Types of RNA ;¥÷É:% Messenger RNA ( mRNA) ¥ 58 bag RNA code for protein

Ribosomal RNAIRRNA ) μqq£ggqg%μ ¥{q catalyze protein synthesis Transfer RNA (tRNA) gene a. adaptors between mp.naanaamnoaaasdunngpraansyn.me , , , qq¢¥MÉÉÑÑÉ¥%;É q§gÑ%ᵈᵈB§§Ñʰ Flamsteed MicroRNA ( miRNA ) sooooooo 40504255b€ Regulates gene expression was [→%¥£fÑ •%.¥%•% ±÷.¥i*•¥ ÉñE3÷ ÷

y

L-qq.OMB.BA

Book

BHkBʰ

qq.gg#Casa-r-tECLEoauW-a- bathe μ, , , ,g , ,,, ,m , ,, , ,, , ,g,ma, , , , ,,,, , gang , , , , , , ,μa , μggμ&a/)