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Cataloging Rules and Practices for Newspapers, Lecture notes of Construction

The cataloging rules and practices for newspapers, including the use of uniform title headings, variant titles, geographic editions, physical description, and notes. It also discusses the application of these rules to e-newspapers. intended for library catalogers and covers various MARC fields and indicators.

What you will learn

  • What are the guidelines for recording variant titles in newspaper records?
  • What are the cataloging considerations for e-newspapers?
  • How are uniform title headings used in newspaper records?
  • What are the cataloging rules and practices for newspaper records?
  • How are geographic editions of newspapers cataloged?

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Module 33
Newspapers
Prepared by
Cathy Sagendorf, New York State Library, and
David Moore, Schenectady County Community College
Electronic Newspapers by Margaret Mering, Corinne Jacox, Beth
Jedlicka, Nebraska Newspaper Project
Special Assistance from Adriana Pilecky-Dekajlo and Staff from
the Center for Research Libraries
With Contributions and Editing by Bill Anderson,
Library of Congress
Contents
33.1. What is a newspaper?
33.2. Newspaper record levels
33.3. Chief source and other sources of information
33.3.1. Deciding which issue to use
33.3.2. Determining the chief source once the issue has been selected
33.4. Uniform title headings (field 130)
33.4.1. Background
33.4.2. When to assign a uniform title
33.4.3. Choice and form of qualifiers
CONSER CATALOGING MANUAL 2006
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Module 33

Newspapers

Prepared by

Cathy Sagendorf, New York State Library, and

David Moore, Schenectady County Community College

Electronic Newspapers by Margaret Mering, Corinne Jacox, Beth

Jedlicka, Nebraska Newspaper Project

Special Assistance from Adriana Pilecky-Dekajlo and Staff from

the Center for Research Libraries

With Contributions and Editing by Bill Anderson,

Library of Congress

Contents

33.1. What is a newspaper?

33.2. Newspaper record levels

33.3. Chief source and other sources of information

33.3.1. Deciding which issue to use

33.3.2. Determining the chief source once the issue has been selected

33.4. Uniform title headings (field 130)

33.4.1. Background

33.4.2. When to assign a uniform title

33.4.3. Choice and form of qualifiers

Module 33, page 2 Newspapers

33.4.4. Uniform titles for language editions

33.5. Title statement (field 245)

33.6. Variant titles and title added entries (Fields 246, 740)

33.6.1. Varying forms of the title (field 246)

33.6.2. Added entry--uncontrolled related/analytical title (field 740)

33.7. Newspaper editions (fields 250, 580, 775)

33.7.1. Frequency editions

33.7.2. Geographic editions

33.7.3. Chronological editions

33.7.4. Other editions

33.8. Numbering (fields 362 and 500)

33.8.1. Formatted designations (field 362, indicator 0)

33.8.2. Unformatted designations (field 362, indicator 1)

33.8.3. Latest issue consulted

33.8.4. Successive numbering systems

33.8.5. Alternative numbering

33.9. Publication, distribution, etc. area (field 260)

33.10. Physical description (field 300)

33.11. Frequency (fields 310 and 321)

33.12. Notes (fields 500, 515, 533, 546)

33.12.1. Changes in place of publication (field 500)

33.12.2. Numbering peculiarities (field 515)

33.12.3. Language note (fields 041, 546)

33.12.4. Editor/Publisher note (field 500)

33.12.5. General note (field 500)

33.12.6. Reproduction note (field 533)

33.13. Added entries for authors and editors (fields 700, 710)

Module 33, page 4 Newspapers

33.18.12. Electronic location and access (field 856)

33.18.13. Internet resources

33.19. United States Newspaper Program

3.20. Record examples

33.20.1. Local weekly

33.20.2. Urban daily

33.20.3. Topical newspaper on microfilm

33.20.4. Electronic daily

33.20.5. Electronic newspaper for national group

Newspapers Module 33, page 5

Module 33. Newspapers

A newspaper is a particular type of serial that requires a different approach to its bibliographic

description and access. CONSER cataloging practice for newspapers has developed along with the

evolution of the U.S. Newspaper Program which began in the early 1980's (see CCM 33.19). This

module describes CONSER policies and practices for newspapers, both foreign and domestic, and

explains practices specific to the USNP.^1 Newspapers are commonly understood to be primary

sources of general news on current events but there are many different kinds (e.g., community,

topical, ethnic). This module establishes policies for all kinds of newspapers and presents a

definition for distinguishing them from periodical publications. A section on electronic newspapers

is also included ( CCM 33.18), to be used in conjunction with Module 31, “Remote Access

Electronic Serials.”

This module will discuss:

  • What is a newspaper
  • Areas where the cataloging differs from other serials

cataloging

  • United States Newspaper Program
  • Areas where CONSER and USNP practice differs
  • Cataloging of electronic newspapers

This module supersedes the following publications:

Butler, Todd. Newspaper Cataloging and Union Listing Manual. Washington, D.C. : Cataloging

Distribution Service, Library of Congress, 1990.

Harriman, Robert. Newspaper Cataloging Manual, CONSER/USNP Edition. Washington, D.C.:

Serial Record Division, Library of Congress, 1984.

Additional resource:

Union List: User Manual. Dublin, Ohio : OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc., 1989.

(^1) The most notable USNP practice that differs from standard CONSER policy involves the “master bibliographic

record convention” where USNP catalogers include microform reproductions on the record for the print. (See the “Definitions of Terms Used in This Module,” and CCM 33.19.)

Newspapers Module 33, page 7

Publisher’s statement. The publisher’s statement can be found anywhere in the newspaper, and

may consist of one or two areas enclosed in lined boxes. It may include the title, edition, place of

publication, publisher, editor, designation, frequency, price, or address. ( CCM )

United States Newspaper Program (USNP). The U. S. Newspaper Program is a cooperative

national effort to locate, catalog, preserve on microfilm, and make available to researchers,

newspapers published in the United States. The Program is supported by funds from the National

Endowment for the Humanities, with technical support provided by the Library of Congress.

Projects in each of the fifty states and the U.S. Trust Territories survey newspaper collections,

catalog the newspapers on OCLC, and select appropriate files for preservation on microfilm. USNP

is an associate member in CONSER and all USNP records are included in the CONSER database.

( CCM )

33.1. What is a newspaper?

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has defined a newspaper as: a serial

publication which contains news on current events of special or general interest. The individual

parts are listed chronologically or numerically and appear usually at least once a week. Newspapers

usually appear without a cover, with a masthead, and are normally larger than 297mm x 420 mm

[approximately 12 x 17 inches] in size.^3

This definition should be followed when deciding what publications to catalog as newspapers. Treat

as a periodical, any publication that doesn’t clearly fit the definition as explained below.

1. This definition includes:

  • All general interest newspapers mainly reporting events that have occurred within the 24-

hour period before going to press.

  • Non-daily general interest newspapers (e.g., local and neighborhood newspapers) that

provide news covering a longer period of time, and also serve their readers as a primary

source of general information due to their local origin.

  • Newspapers that contain current news of special interest, in addition to general information,

and are targeted to clearly identified groups. More common types of special interest

newspapers include those directed to ethnic or racial groups, labor unions, farming

community, religious groups, and political groups.

(^3) Some early 19th century newspapers were issued with a cover in a “periodicals format.”

Module 33, page 8 Newspapers

2. This definition excludes:

  • Newsletter publications that are intended to report only news of a particular organization or

institution, or that are specifically limited to coverage of a business, industry, craft, market,

etc.

  • Shoppers and other publications issued primarily for advertising purposes.

33.2. Newspaper record levels

In 1995, CONSER established new record requirements for full and minimal level records and added

the core encoding level for serials ( CEG B6). In 1996, the core record for newspapers was

documented ( CEG B6.4.2). Authority control is reflected in the coding of the record (encoding

level, field 042) and only minimal level records include headings that are not established in the

LC/NACO Authority File.^4

Authority work for newspaper records largely involves geographic place names that are used in

uniform titles, subject headings, and added entries (fields 130, 651, 752). If a newspaper record

includes only established place names in headings, as well as all the necessary bibliographic

elements, then use the following codes:

  • Encoding level “#” (can be full or core level);
  • 042 code “lcd” or higher (i.e., “lc,” “nlc”);
  • 651 second indicator “0" (if included).^5

If the record includes corporate body or place names in headings that are not in the authority file,

use:

  • Encoding level “7;"
  • 042 code “msc;”
  • 651 second indicator “4" (as appropriate for place names).

A full level newspaper record is one that includes the core elements ( CEG B6.4.2) and a full

complement of notes and access fields.

(^4) USNP previously used encoding level value “7" and 042 field authentication code “msc” for newspaper records,

regardless of whether the headings were established.

(^5) CONSER used first indicator value “4" with all 651 field headings prior to the established practice using the form

subdivision, “Newspapers,” with place name subject headings.

Module 33, page 10 Newspapers

Unlike the masthead, the publisher's block may appear anywhere in the newspaper.

Fig. 33.

If no part of the newspaper supplies data that can be used as the basis of the description, take the

necessary information from any available source, whether this is the contents of the newspaper or

a reference work. Provide in a note the reason for, and the source of the supplied data.

245 00 $a [Daily herald]. 362 0# $a Vol. 1, no. 1 (May 12, 1955) 500 ## $a First issue untitled; issues for May 13, 1955- called: Daily herald.

33.4. Uniform Title Headings (Field 130)

33.4.1. Background. Newspapers are always entered under title and the uniform title heading often

is the main entry since many newspaper titles consist of one of a group of common generic titles

(e.g., Times, Herald, Post). Refer to LCRI 25.5B^6 for a general overview of the principles of

assigning uniform titles.

33.4.2. When to assign a uniform title. Assign as instructed in LCRI 25.5B and CCM 5.2.

| LC serial catalogers will still consult SARs when testing for conflict per paragraph at beginning of LCRI 25.5B.

6

Newspapers Module 33, page 11

33.4.3. Choice and form of qualifiers. For newspapers, the place of publication is always used

as the first element in the qualifier. USNP catalogers generally use the “city, state” form of the place

name. The place named first in the publication, distribution, etc. area (field 260) of the record is also

used in the uniform title. AACR2 23.4 identifies additions to place names that are allowed, including

state, province, territory, country, etc. LCRI 23.4B includes instructions to use the current name of

the larger place (state, country, etc.) when adding it as a qualifier. The current state name is added

to U.S. place names; when a neighborhood or local name is used, it is further qualified by city and

state.

If place of publication alone does not differentiate among two or more newspapers published with

identical titles, add to the place of publication the beginning date of publication, the frequency, or

the edition statement. If the date is used in the qualifier it may be added to the place name since the

place name is always used as the first element of the qualifier. (See “Date” examples below.)

130 0# $a Indian journal (Muskogee, Okla. : 1878) 245 14 $a The Indian journal. 260 ## $a Muskogee, Creek Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.] : $b M.P. Roberts

Frequency is generally used as a qualifier to distinguish titles from the same place and time and is

sometimes included as an edition statement (e.g., “Weekly ed.”).

Geographic edition statements are generally used in 130 fields for newspapers published in multiple

geographic editions. If the editions are published in different cities then the place name qualifier

is sufficient. (See CCM 33.7.2 for additional examples of uniform titles for geographic editions.)

Uniform title qualifiers that include edition statements also use the abbreviation “ed.”

Date

130 0# $a Washington gazette (Washington, Ga. : 1849) 245 14 $a The Washington gazette. 260 ## $a Washington, Ga. : $b James R. Sneed & Charles W. Hancock 310 ## $a Weekly 362 1# $a Began in 1849.

130 0# $a Washington gazette (Washington, Ga. : 1866) 245 14 $a The Washington gazette. 260 ## $a Washington, Ga. : $b H.F. Andrews 310 ## $a Weekly 362 1# $a Began Apr. 27, 1866; ceased in 1905.

Newspapers Module 33, page 13

Frequency

130 0# $a Washington gazette (Washington, D.C. : Daily) 245 10 $a Washington gazette. 260 ## $a City of Washington [D.C.] : $b Elliot and Irvine 310 ## $a Daily (except Sun.) 362 0# $a Vol. 6, no. 992 (Feb. 15, 1821)-v. 11, no. 3165 (Feb. 4, 1826). 775 0# $t Washington gazette (Washington, D.C. : Triweekly) $w (DLC)sn 82014429

130 0# $a Washington gazette (Washington, D.C. : Triweekly) 245 10 $a Washington gazette. 260 ## $a Washington [D.C. : $b Jonathan Elliot] 310 ## $a Triweekly 362 0# $a Feb. 15/16, 1821 362 1# $a Ceased in Feb. 1826? 775 0# $t Washington gazette (Washington, D.C. : Daily) $w (DLC)sn 82014409

If the place of publication changes because the newspaper moves to another locality, choose as the

qualifying term the place from the first or earliest available issue.

130 0# $a Californian (Monterey, Calif. : 1846) 245 14 $a The Californian. 260 ## $a Monterey, Calif. : $b Colton & Semple 362 0# $a Vol. 1, no. 1 (Aug. 15, 1846)-v. 3, no. 15 (Nov. 11, 1848). 500 ## $a Published in San Francisco, Calif., May 22, 1847-Nov. 11, 1848.

If the name of the place of publication changes because the city changes its name or if one city

incorporates another, use the AACR2 form of the first named place in the 260 field.

130 0# $a Republican mail (Majority Point, Ill.) 245 14 $a The Republican mail. 260 ## $a Majority Point, Ill. : $b Edward Hitchcock 362 1# $a Began in 1874.

[Majority Point changed its name to Toledo in 1881.]

Module 33, page 14 Newspapers

130 0# $a Charlestown enterprise (Charlestown, Boston, Mass. : 1884) 245 10 $a Charlestown enterprise. 260 ## $a Charlestown [Boston, Mass.] : $b Charlestown Enterprise Co. 362 0# $a Vol. 6, no. 18 (Nov. 1, 1884)-v. 9, no. 8 (Feb. 20, 1886).

[Charlestown was included as part of Boston in 1874.]

If the form of the name varies, use in the qualifier the form of the name found in the name authority

file. (Name variations include changes in spelling, punctuation, and abbreviations.) If the name is

not established, follow instructions found in AACR2 23.2A and use the form of the name that is in

general use and can be identified in gazetteers and other reference sources. LCRI 23.2 cites the Rand

McNally Commercial Atlas and Marketing Guide as a resource to use as well as the online service,

Geographic Names Information System (http://geonames.usgs.gov/).

130 0# $a New-York tribune (New York, N.Y. : 1841) 245 10 $a New-York tribune. 246 3# $a New York tribune 260 ## $a New-York [N.Y.] : $b Horace Greeley

33.4.4. Uniform titles for language editions. For instructions on the assignment of uniform titles

to language editions, refer to CCM 5.6.2.

130 0# $a Forward (New York, N.Y.). $l Yiddish. 245 10 $a Forִ verִ ts = $b Forward = Vorw¨arts. 260 ## $a New York, N.Y. : $b Jewish Socialist Press Federation 580 ## $a Also has English language ed.: Forward (New York, N.Y.) 775 1# $t Forward (New York, N.Y.) $x 1051-340X $w (DLC)sn 90003159

33.5. Title statement (Field 245)

Transcribe the title proper from the masthead of the first or earliest issue available in field 245

subfield $a, as discussed in CCM Module 6.

Mottos, related titles, or statements of geographic or other intended audience may appear with the

title in the masthead, but these statements are generally not considered to be part of the title and are

not transcribed in subfield $b of the 245 field. If an issuing body appears with the title on the chief

source, include the statement in subfield $b according to AACR2 12.1E1. If the information in the

masthead is considered significant, it may be recorded in a 500 note (Fig. 33.3).

Module 33, page 16 Newspapers

3.6. Variant titles and title added entries (Fields 246, 740)

33.6.1. Varying forms of the title (field 246). There are several situations where variant titles

provide important access in newspaper records. Provide title added entries in the following cases.

Titles of short duration and fluctuating titles. If a title change lasts for less than one year , after

which it reverts back to its original title, do not consider this to be a major change (Fig. 33.5).^7

Instead, record the intermediate title in a 246 field and provide an explanation in subfield $i, if

possible. (A 500 note may be needed to explain the variation.) If a record for the intermediate title

exists, cancel the record and record the title in a 246 field.

Fig. 33.

245 04 $a The Washington post. 246 1# $a $i Issues for Apr. 15-29, 1878 called: $a Washington post and union 362 0# $a No. 1 (Dec. 6, 1877)-no. 28,398 (Mar. 17, 1878). 780 05 $t National union (Washington, D.C.) $g Apr. 15, 1878 $w (DLC)sn 82006529 $w (OCoLC)

Saturday and Sunday titles are generally treated as fluctuating titles and recorded in field 246 of the

record for the main title.

(^7) Exceptions are sometimes made for rare early newspaper titles.

Newspapers Module 33, page 17

130 0# $a Buffalo evening news (Buffalo, N.Y. : Daily) 245 10 $a Buffalo evening news. 246 1# $i Sunday issues for 1880-1895 published as: $a Buffalo Sunday morning news 246 1# $i Sunday issues for <1897>-1915 published as: $a Buffalo Sunday news 260 ## $a Buffalo, N.Y. : $b Buffalo Evening News, Inc.

Parallel title. Record each parallel title (title in another language) that is included in the title

statement in a separate 246 field. Do not input the initial article or terminal punctuation (Fig. 33.6).

L'IDÉE NOUVELLE. THE NEW IDEA. UN ORGANE DE L'UNITE DE L'AMERIQUE DU NORD AN ORGAN OF THE UNITY OF NORTH AMERICA

VOLUME I. WORCESTER, MASS., SATURDAY, JULY 24, 1869 NO. 9

Fig. 33.

245 02 $a L’id´ee nouvelle = $b The new idea. 246 31 $a New idea

Running title, and other varying forms of the title. Generally record a title appearing in an area

of the newspaper other than the masthead (e.g., in the publisher's statement (Fig. 33.7b) or at the

head of a page) if that title meets the following conditions:

  • Differs substantially from the masthead title;
  • Contributes to the identification of the newspaper;
  • Provides meaningful access.

Refer to the CEG for complete information about 246 field indicators and subfields.

The Light.

Vicksburg, Miss, Thursday January 18, 1900

Fig. 33.7a

Newspapers Module 33, page 19

SOUTHERN ROUTT COUNTY

OAK CREEK-YAMPA

TIMES-LEADER

tttttttttttttttttttttttttt

The Oak Creek Times

with which is consolidated

The Yampa Leader

Fig. 33.

245 00 $a Southern Routt County Oak Creek-Yampa times-leader. 246 30 $a Oak Creek-Yampa times-leader 246 2# $a Oak Creek Yampa times leader 780 00 $t Oak Creek times and the Yampa leader $w (DLC)sn 90051038

Other title added entries. As with other serials, include a title added entry in field 246 if the title

contains punctuation, signs, or symbols that effect searching, and if the inclusion of the varying form

in field 246 improves access ( LCRI 21.30J).

245 00 $a Turtle Mountain echo II. 246 3# $a Turtle Mountain echo two 246 3# $a Turtle Mountain echo 2 260 ## $a Belcourt, N.D. : $b [Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians]

33.6.2 Added entry--uncontrolled related/analytical title (field 740). Newspaper supplements

and special issues are only cataloged on separate records in rare cases, when local needs dictate.

Field 740 may be used, in conjunction with a supplement note (field 525), to provide access to

named supplements that are not cataloged separately.

130 0# $a News-journal (Daytona Beach, Fla.) 245 14 $a The news-journal. 310 ## $a Daily 525 ## $a Has supplement titled: Daily journal, 1986-<1995> 740 02 $a Daily journal.

Module 33, page 20 Newspapers

The 740 field can also be used with a 500 note to provide access to a newspaper’s named section

that is not cataloged separately.

245 00 $a Cohocton Valley times and index. 260 ## $a Cohocton, N.Y. : $b Vincent L. Tripp 500 ## $a Includes section titled: The Potato growers’ journal. 740 02 $a Potato growers’ journal.

33.7. Newspaper Editions (Fields 250, 580, 775)

There are three common types of newspaper editions: frequency, geographic, and chronological.

(See CCM 9.1.2 for the definition of an edition.) The source of the edition statement (field 250) is

the first issue of the newspaper or the earliest issue held. The edition statement is most often printed

in the masthead and/or the publisher's statement. Record the statement as specified in CCM 9.2.

and 9.3, or supply it as stipulated in CCM 9.2.4. The edition statement is often used as an additional

element in the uniform title ( CCM 33.4.3).

Separately cataloged editions are generally linked using the Other Edition Available Entry (field

775). (See also CCM 33.15.3, Other Physical Formats.) Linking Entry Complexity Note (field 580)

may also be added for clarification of the relationship, or in place of multiple 775 fields. 580 fields

are used in place of 775 linking fields when the names or titles of the editions are unknown. (See

CCM Module 14 and 33.15.2 for more information on linking fields.) Do not consider versions in

different physical media to be editions. This relationship is identified with the 776 linking field.

130 0# $a Federal Republican (Georgetown, Washington, D.C. : Country ed.) 245 10 $a Federal Republican. 250 ## $a [Country ed.] 310 ## $a Semiweekly 775 0# $t Federal Republican (Georgetown, Washington, D.C. : Daily) $w (DLC)sn 84038792

33.7.1. Frequency editions. Edition statements are often found in the masthead or in the

publisher’s block. If not found on the issue, the edition statement can be supplied per AACR2 1.2B4.

If an edition statement, derived from the frequency, is used in the uniform title qualifier, then the

250 field is input in brackets.