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Module 33
Newspapers
Prepared by
Cathy Sagendorf, New York State Library, and
David Moore, Schenectady County Community College
Electronic Newspapers by Margaret Mering, Corinne Jacox, Beth
Jedlicka, Nebraska Newspaper Project
Special Assistance from Adriana Pilecky-Dekajlo and Staff from
the Center for Research Libraries
With Contributions and Editing by Bill Anderson,
Library of Congress
Contents
33.1. What is a newspaper?
33.2. Newspaper record levels
33.3. Chief source and other sources of information
33.3.1. Deciding which issue to use
33.3.2. Determining the chief source once the issue has been selected
33.4. Uniform title headings (field 130)
33.4.1. Background
33.4.2. When to assign a uniform title
33.4.3. Choice and form of qualifiers
Module 33, page 2 Newspapers
33.4.4. Uniform titles for language editions
33.5. Title statement (field 245)
33.6. Variant titles and title added entries (Fields 246, 740)
33.6.1. Varying forms of the title (field 246)
33.6.2. Added entry--uncontrolled related/analytical title (field 740)
33.7. Newspaper editions (fields 250, 580, 775)
33.7.1. Frequency editions
33.7.2. Geographic editions
33.7.3. Chronological editions
33.7.4. Other editions
33.8. Numbering (fields 362 and 500)
33.8.1. Formatted designations (field 362, indicator 0)
33.8.2. Unformatted designations (field 362, indicator 1)
33.8.3. Latest issue consulted
33.8.4. Successive numbering systems
33.8.5. Alternative numbering
33.9. Publication, distribution, etc. area (field 260)
33.10. Physical description (field 300)
33.11. Frequency (fields 310 and 321)
33.12. Notes (fields 500, 515, 533, 546)
33.12.1. Changes in place of publication (field 500)
33.12.2. Numbering peculiarities (field 515)
33.12.3. Language note (fields 041, 546)
33.12.4. Editor/Publisher note (field 500)
33.12.5. General note (field 500)
33.12.6. Reproduction note (field 533)
33.13. Added entries for authors and editors (fields 700, 710)
Module 33, page 4 Newspapers
33.18.12. Electronic location and access (field 856)
33.18.13. Internet resources
33.19. United States Newspaper Program
3.20. Record examples
33.20.1. Local weekly
33.20.2. Urban daily
33.20.3. Topical newspaper on microfilm
33.20.4. Electronic daily
33.20.5. Electronic newspaper for national group
Newspapers Module 33, page 5
Module 33. Newspapers
A newspaper is a particular type of serial that requires a different approach to its bibliographic
description and access. CONSER cataloging practice for newspapers has developed along with the
evolution of the U.S. Newspaper Program which began in the early 1980's (see CCM 33.19). This
module describes CONSER policies and practices for newspapers, both foreign and domestic, and
explains practices specific to the USNP.^1 Newspapers are commonly understood to be primary
sources of general news on current events but there are many different kinds (e.g., community,
topical, ethnic). This module establishes policies for all kinds of newspapers and presents a
definition for distinguishing them from periodical publications. A section on electronic newspapers
is also included ( CCM 33.18), to be used in conjunction with Module 31, “Remote Access
Electronic Serials.”
This module will discuss:
- What is a newspaper
- Areas where the cataloging differs from other serials
cataloging
- United States Newspaper Program
- Areas where CONSER and USNP practice differs
- Cataloging of electronic newspapers
This module supersedes the following publications:
Butler, Todd. Newspaper Cataloging and Union Listing Manual. Washington, D.C. : Cataloging
Distribution Service, Library of Congress, 1990.
Harriman, Robert. Newspaper Cataloging Manual, CONSER/USNP Edition. Washington, D.C.:
Serial Record Division, Library of Congress, 1984.
Additional resource:
Union List: User Manual. Dublin, Ohio : OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc., 1989.
(^1) The most notable USNP practice that differs from standard CONSER policy involves the “master bibliographic
record convention” where USNP catalogers include microform reproductions on the record for the print. (See the “Definitions of Terms Used in This Module,” and CCM 33.19.)
Newspapers Module 33, page 7
Publisher’s statement. The publisher’s statement can be found anywhere in the newspaper, and
may consist of one or two areas enclosed in lined boxes. It may include the title, edition, place of
publication, publisher, editor, designation, frequency, price, or address. ( CCM )
United States Newspaper Program (USNP). The U. S. Newspaper Program is a cooperative
national effort to locate, catalog, preserve on microfilm, and make available to researchers,
newspapers published in the United States. The Program is supported by funds from the National
Endowment for the Humanities, with technical support provided by the Library of Congress.
Projects in each of the fifty states and the U.S. Trust Territories survey newspaper collections,
catalog the newspapers on OCLC, and select appropriate files for preservation on microfilm. USNP
is an associate member in CONSER and all USNP records are included in the CONSER database.
( CCM )
33.1. What is a newspaper?
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has defined a newspaper as: a serial
publication which contains news on current events of special or general interest. The individual
parts are listed chronologically or numerically and appear usually at least once a week. Newspapers
usually appear without a cover, with a masthead, and are normally larger than 297mm x 420 mm
[approximately 12 x 17 inches] in size.^3
This definition should be followed when deciding what publications to catalog as newspapers. Treat
as a periodical, any publication that doesn’t clearly fit the definition as explained below.
1. This definition includes:
- All general interest newspapers mainly reporting events that have occurred within the 24-
hour period before going to press.
- Non-daily general interest newspapers (e.g., local and neighborhood newspapers) that
provide news covering a longer period of time, and also serve their readers as a primary
source of general information due to their local origin.
- Newspapers that contain current news of special interest, in addition to general information,
and are targeted to clearly identified groups. More common types of special interest
newspapers include those directed to ethnic or racial groups, labor unions, farming
community, religious groups, and political groups.
(^3) Some early 19th century newspapers were issued with a cover in a “periodicals format.”
Module 33, page 8 Newspapers
2. This definition excludes:
- Newsletter publications that are intended to report only news of a particular organization or
institution, or that are specifically limited to coverage of a business, industry, craft, market,
etc.
- Shoppers and other publications issued primarily for advertising purposes.
33.2. Newspaper record levels
In 1995, CONSER established new record requirements for full and minimal level records and added
the core encoding level for serials ( CEG B6). In 1996, the core record for newspapers was
documented ( CEG B6.4.2). Authority control is reflected in the coding of the record (encoding
level, field 042) and only minimal level records include headings that are not established in the
LC/NACO Authority File.^4
Authority work for newspaper records largely involves geographic place names that are used in
uniform titles, subject headings, and added entries (fields 130, 651, 752). If a newspaper record
includes only established place names in headings, as well as all the necessary bibliographic
elements, then use the following codes:
- Encoding level “#” (can be full or core level);
- 042 code “lcd” or higher (i.e., “lc,” “nlc”);
- 651 second indicator “0" (if included).^5
If the record includes corporate body or place names in headings that are not in the authority file,
use:
- Encoding level “7;"
- 042 code “msc;”
- 651 second indicator “4" (as appropriate for place names).
A full level newspaper record is one that includes the core elements ( CEG B6.4.2) and a full
complement of notes and access fields.
(^4) USNP previously used encoding level value “7" and 042 field authentication code “msc” for newspaper records,
regardless of whether the headings were established.
(^5) CONSER used first indicator value “4" with all 651 field headings prior to the established practice using the form
subdivision, “Newspapers,” with place name subject headings.
Module 33, page 10 Newspapers
Unlike the masthead, the publisher's block may appear anywhere in the newspaper.
Fig. 33.
If no part of the newspaper supplies data that can be used as the basis of the description, take the
necessary information from any available source, whether this is the contents of the newspaper or
a reference work. Provide in a note the reason for, and the source of the supplied data.
245 00 $a [Daily herald]. 362 0# $a Vol. 1, no. 1 (May 12, 1955) 500 ## $a First issue untitled; issues for May 13, 1955- called: Daily herald.
33.4. Uniform Title Headings (Field 130)
33.4.1. Background. Newspapers are always entered under title and the uniform title heading often
is the main entry since many newspaper titles consist of one of a group of common generic titles
(e.g., Times, Herald, Post). Refer to LCRI 25.5B^6 for a general overview of the principles of
assigning uniform titles.
33.4.2. When to assign a uniform title. Assign as instructed in LCRI 25.5B and CCM 5.2.
| LC serial catalogers will still consult SARs when testing for conflict per paragraph at beginning of LCRI 25.5B.
6
Newspapers Module 33, page 11
33.4.3. Choice and form of qualifiers. For newspapers, the place of publication is always used
as the first element in the qualifier. USNP catalogers generally use the “city, state” form of the place
name. The place named first in the publication, distribution, etc. area (field 260) of the record is also
used in the uniform title. AACR2 23.4 identifies additions to place names that are allowed, including
state, province, territory, country, etc. LCRI 23.4B includes instructions to use the current name of
the larger place (state, country, etc.) when adding it as a qualifier. The current state name is added
to U.S. place names; when a neighborhood or local name is used, it is further qualified by city and
state.
If place of publication alone does not differentiate among two or more newspapers published with
identical titles, add to the place of publication the beginning date of publication, the frequency, or
the edition statement. If the date is used in the qualifier it may be added to the place name since the
place name is always used as the first element of the qualifier. (See “Date” examples below.)
130 0# $a Indian journal (Muskogee, Okla. : 1878) 245 14 $a The Indian journal. 260 ## $a Muskogee, Creek Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.] : $b M.P. Roberts
Frequency is generally used as a qualifier to distinguish titles from the same place and time and is
sometimes included as an edition statement (e.g., “Weekly ed.”).
Geographic edition statements are generally used in 130 fields for newspapers published in multiple
geographic editions. If the editions are published in different cities then the place name qualifier
is sufficient. (See CCM 33.7.2 for additional examples of uniform titles for geographic editions.)
Uniform title qualifiers that include edition statements also use the abbreviation “ed.”
Date
130 0# $a Washington gazette (Washington, Ga. : 1849) 245 14 $a The Washington gazette. 260 ## $a Washington, Ga. : $b James R. Sneed & Charles W. Hancock 310 ## $a Weekly 362 1# $a Began in 1849.
130 0# $a Washington gazette (Washington, Ga. : 1866) 245 14 $a The Washington gazette. 260 ## $a Washington, Ga. : $b H.F. Andrews 310 ## $a Weekly 362 1# $a Began Apr. 27, 1866; ceased in 1905.
Newspapers Module 33, page 13
Frequency
130 0# $a Washington gazette (Washington, D.C. : Daily) 245 10 $a Washington gazette. 260 ## $a City of Washington [D.C.] : $b Elliot and Irvine 310 ## $a Daily (except Sun.) 362 0# $a Vol. 6, no. 992 (Feb. 15, 1821)-v. 11, no. 3165 (Feb. 4, 1826). 775 0# $t Washington gazette (Washington, D.C. : Triweekly) $w (DLC)sn 82014429
130 0# $a Washington gazette (Washington, D.C. : Triweekly) 245 10 $a Washington gazette. 260 ## $a Washington [D.C. : $b Jonathan Elliot] 310 ## $a Triweekly 362 0# $a Feb. 15/16, 1821 362 1# $a Ceased in Feb. 1826? 775 0# $t Washington gazette (Washington, D.C. : Daily) $w (DLC)sn 82014409
If the place of publication changes because the newspaper moves to another locality, choose as the
qualifying term the place from the first or earliest available issue.
130 0# $a Californian (Monterey, Calif. : 1846) 245 14 $a The Californian. 260 ## $a Monterey, Calif. : $b Colton & Semple 362 0# $a Vol. 1, no. 1 (Aug. 15, 1846)-v. 3, no. 15 (Nov. 11, 1848). 500 ## $a Published in San Francisco, Calif., May 22, 1847-Nov. 11, 1848.
If the name of the place of publication changes because the city changes its name or if one city
incorporates another, use the AACR2 form of the first named place in the 260 field.
130 0# $a Republican mail (Majority Point, Ill.) 245 14 $a The Republican mail. 260 ## $a Majority Point, Ill. : $b Edward Hitchcock 362 1# $a Began in 1874.
[Majority Point changed its name to Toledo in 1881.]
Module 33, page 14 Newspapers
130 0# $a Charlestown enterprise (Charlestown, Boston, Mass. : 1884) 245 10 $a Charlestown enterprise. 260 ## $a Charlestown [Boston, Mass.] : $b Charlestown Enterprise Co. 362 0# $a Vol. 6, no. 18 (Nov. 1, 1884)-v. 9, no. 8 (Feb. 20, 1886).
[Charlestown was included as part of Boston in 1874.]
If the form of the name varies, use in the qualifier the form of the name found in the name authority
file. (Name variations include changes in spelling, punctuation, and abbreviations.) If the name is
not established, follow instructions found in AACR2 23.2A and use the form of the name that is in
general use and can be identified in gazetteers and other reference sources. LCRI 23.2 cites the Rand
McNally Commercial Atlas and Marketing Guide as a resource to use as well as the online service,
Geographic Names Information System (http://geonames.usgs.gov/).
130 0# $a New-York tribune (New York, N.Y. : 1841) 245 10 $a New-York tribune. 246 3# $a New York tribune 260 ## $a New-York [N.Y.] : $b Horace Greeley
33.4.4. Uniform titles for language editions. For instructions on the assignment of uniform titles
to language editions, refer to CCM 5.6.2.
130 0# $a Forward (New York, N.Y.). $l Yiddish. 245 10 $a Forִ verִ ts = $b Forward = Vorw¨arts. 260 ## $a New York, N.Y. : $b Jewish Socialist Press Federation 580 ## $a Also has English language ed.: Forward (New York, N.Y.) 775 1# $t Forward (New York, N.Y.) $x 1051-340X $w (DLC)sn 90003159
33.5. Title statement (Field 245)
Transcribe the title proper from the masthead of the first or earliest issue available in field 245
subfield $a, as discussed in CCM Module 6.
Mottos, related titles, or statements of geographic or other intended audience may appear with the
title in the masthead, but these statements are generally not considered to be part of the title and are
not transcribed in subfield $b of the 245 field. If an issuing body appears with the title on the chief
source, include the statement in subfield $b according to AACR2 12.1E1. If the information in the
masthead is considered significant, it may be recorded in a 500 note (Fig. 33.3).
Module 33, page 16 Newspapers
3.6. Variant titles and title added entries (Fields 246, 740)
33.6.1. Varying forms of the title (field 246). There are several situations where variant titles
provide important access in newspaper records. Provide title added entries in the following cases.
Titles of short duration and fluctuating titles. If a title change lasts for less than one year , after
which it reverts back to its original title, do not consider this to be a major change (Fig. 33.5).^7
Instead, record the intermediate title in a 246 field and provide an explanation in subfield $i, if
possible. (A 500 note may be needed to explain the variation.) If a record for the intermediate title
exists, cancel the record and record the title in a 246 field.
Fig. 33.
245 04 $a The Washington post. 246 1# $a $i Issues for Apr. 15-29, 1878 called: $a Washington post and union 362 0# $a No. 1 (Dec. 6, 1877)-no. 28,398 (Mar. 17, 1878). 780 05 $t National union (Washington, D.C.) $g Apr. 15, 1878 $w (DLC)sn 82006529 $w (OCoLC)
Saturday and Sunday titles are generally treated as fluctuating titles and recorded in field 246 of the
record for the main title.
(^7) Exceptions are sometimes made for rare early newspaper titles.
Newspapers Module 33, page 17
130 0# $a Buffalo evening news (Buffalo, N.Y. : Daily) 245 10 $a Buffalo evening news. 246 1# $i Sunday issues for 1880-1895 published as: $a Buffalo Sunday morning news 246 1# $i Sunday issues for <1897>-1915 published as: $a Buffalo Sunday news 260 ## $a Buffalo, N.Y. : $b Buffalo Evening News, Inc.
Parallel title. Record each parallel title (title in another language) that is included in the title
statement in a separate 246 field. Do not input the initial article or terminal punctuation (Fig. 33.6).
L'IDÉE NOUVELLE. THE NEW IDEA. UN ORGANE DE L'UNITE DE L'AMERIQUE DU NORD AN ORGAN OF THE UNITY OF NORTH AMERICA
VOLUME I. WORCESTER, MASS., SATURDAY, JULY 24, 1869 NO. 9
Fig. 33.
245 02 $a L’id´ee nouvelle = $b The new idea. 246 31 $a New idea
Running title, and other varying forms of the title. Generally record a title appearing in an area
of the newspaper other than the masthead (e.g., in the publisher's statement (Fig. 33.7b) or at the
head of a page) if that title meets the following conditions:
- Differs substantially from the masthead title;
- Contributes to the identification of the newspaper;
- Provides meaningful access.
Refer to the CEG for complete information about 246 field indicators and subfields.
The Light.
Vicksburg, Miss, Thursday January 18, 1900
Fig. 33.7a
Newspapers Module 33, page 19
SOUTHERN ROUTT COUNTY
OAK CREEK-YAMPA
TIMES-LEADER
tttttttttttttttttttttttttt
The Oak Creek Times
with which is consolidated
The Yampa Leader
Fig. 33.
245 00 $a Southern Routt County Oak Creek-Yampa times-leader. 246 30 $a Oak Creek-Yampa times-leader 246 2# $a Oak Creek Yampa times leader 780 00 $t Oak Creek times and the Yampa leader $w (DLC)sn 90051038
Other title added entries. As with other serials, include a title added entry in field 246 if the title
contains punctuation, signs, or symbols that effect searching, and if the inclusion of the varying form
in field 246 improves access ( LCRI 21.30J).
245 00 $a Turtle Mountain echo II. 246 3# $a Turtle Mountain echo two 246 3# $a Turtle Mountain echo 2 260 ## $a Belcourt, N.D. : $b [Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians]
33.6.2 Added entry--uncontrolled related/analytical title (field 740). Newspaper supplements
and special issues are only cataloged on separate records in rare cases, when local needs dictate.
Field 740 may be used, in conjunction with a supplement note (field 525), to provide access to
named supplements that are not cataloged separately.
130 0# $a News-journal (Daytona Beach, Fla.) 245 14 $a The news-journal. 310 ## $a Daily 525 ## $a Has supplement titled: Daily journal, 1986-<1995> 740 02 $a Daily journal.
Module 33, page 20 Newspapers
The 740 field can also be used with a 500 note to provide access to a newspaper’s named section
that is not cataloged separately.
245 00 $a Cohocton Valley times and index. 260 ## $a Cohocton, N.Y. : $b Vincent L. Tripp 500 ## $a Includes section titled: The Potato growers’ journal. 740 02 $a Potato growers’ journal.
33.7. Newspaper Editions (Fields 250, 580, 775)
There are three common types of newspaper editions: frequency, geographic, and chronological.
(See CCM 9.1.2 for the definition of an edition.) The source of the edition statement (field 250) is
the first issue of the newspaper or the earliest issue held. The edition statement is most often printed
in the masthead and/or the publisher's statement. Record the statement as specified in CCM 9.2.
and 9.3, or supply it as stipulated in CCM 9.2.4. The edition statement is often used as an additional
element in the uniform title ( CCM 33.4.3).
Separately cataloged editions are generally linked using the Other Edition Available Entry (field
775). (See also CCM 33.15.3, Other Physical Formats.) Linking Entry Complexity Note (field 580)
may also be added for clarification of the relationship, or in place of multiple 775 fields. 580 fields
are used in place of 775 linking fields when the names or titles of the editions are unknown. (See
CCM Module 14 and 33.15.2 for more information on linking fields.) Do not consider versions in
different physical media to be editions. This relationship is identified with the 776 linking field.
130 0# $a Federal Republican (Georgetown, Washington, D.C. : Country ed.) 245 10 $a Federal Republican. 250 ## $a [Country ed.] 310 ## $a Semiweekly 775 0# $t Federal Republican (Georgetown, Washington, D.C. : Daily) $w (DLC)sn 84038792
33.7.1. Frequency editions. Edition statements are often found in the masthead or in the
publisher’s block. If not found on the issue, the edition statement can be supplied per AACR2 1.2B4.
If an edition statement, derived from the frequency, is used in the uniform title qualifier, then the
250 field is input in brackets.
