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Term 1: Overview of Psychological Techniques and Behavior Change, Quizzes of Psychology

Definitions and explanations of various psychological terms and techniques, including exposure therapy, operant conditioning, reinforcers, and behavior change. It covers concepts such as flooding, graded exposure, positive and negative reinforcers, punishment, observational learning, and latent learning.

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 10/19/2010

meb2012
meb2012 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Exposure Therapy
DEFINITION 1
Facing your fears
TERM 2
Flooding
DEFINITION 2
Exposure technique - being exposed to the condition
stimulus, - the strongest does of stimulus you can come up
with 100 on anxiety. - Staying there until extinction takes it
natural course, which will happen Similar to Systematic
Desensitization, but without the relaxation, and you start at
the TOP of the hierarchy
TERM 3
Graded Exposure
DEFINITION 3
differences from Systematic Desensitization - based on
extinction - does NOT involve relaxation - used for more
generalized fears ex: fear of darkness Similarities: - use of
hierarchy - systematic exposure to feared stimulus
TERM 4
Operant Conditioning
DEFINITION 4
Skinner - higher order learning - works on consciously
controlled behavior - overt behavior (easily observed by
others) - somatic nervous system - rewards vs. punishment -
uses reinforcers
TERM 5
ABC's of Stress: operant conditioning
DEFINITION 5
A: Antecedents (Discriminative Stimulus) B: Behaviors (Overt
Behavior) C: Consequences (Reinforcement or Punishment )
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Exposure Therapy

Facing your fears TERM 2

Flooding

DEFINITION 2 Exposure technique - being exposed to the condition stimulus, - the strongest does of stimulus you can come up with 100 on anxiety. - Staying there until extinction takes it natural course, which will happen Similar to Systematic Desensitization, but without the relaxation, and you start at the TOP of the hierarchy TERM 3

Graded Exposure

DEFINITION 3 differences from Systematic Desensitization - based on extinction - does NOT involve relaxation - used for more generalized fears ex: fear of darkness Similarities: - use of hierarchy - systematic exposure to feared stimulus TERM 4

Operant Conditioning

DEFINITION 4 Skinner - higher order learning - works on consciously controlled behavior - overt behavior (easily observed by others) - somatic nervous system - rewards vs. punishment - uses reinforcers TERM 5

ABC's of Stress: operant conditioning

DEFINITION 5 A: Antecedents (Discriminative Stimulus) B: Behaviors (Overt Behavior) C: Consequences (Reinforcement or Punishment )

Reinforcer

increases the chance that a behavior will occur again TERM 7

Positive Reinforcer

DEFINITION 7 Pleasurable Consequence! - giving M&M's for good behavior TERM 8

Negative Reinforcer

DEFINITION 8 Termination of an Unpleasurable Event ex: hitting your child, fleeing from a feared stimuli to terminate anxiety, taking asprin to get rid of a headache - avoidance TERM 9

Avoidance

DEFINITION 9 form of negative reinforcer - avoids unpleasant states - prevents extinction of CER (Conditioned Emotional Response) TERM 10

Extinction (Operant Conditioning)

DEFINITION 10 Behavior without Consequence When a behavior is inconsequential, producing neither favorable nor unfavorable consequences, it will occur with less frequency. When a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced with either positive or negative reinforcement, it leads to a decline in the response.

Behavior Change

AWARENESS: (first step of behavior change) - achieved through SELF ASSESSMENT TERM 17

Awareness

DEFINITION 17 Step One: SELF ASSESSMENT: - identify and describe your stressors (who, what, where, when, why) - Identify the ABC's of each stressor and which can be modified Step Two: CREATE A GOAL - moderate intensity and difficulty - specific TERM 18

A Good Plan

DEFINITION 18

  • explicit rules to guide behavior - goals and subgoals (shaping) - feedback - comparison of goals and subgoals to feedback - adjustment in the plan (tinkering) * it is crucial to record your behavior throughout the operation of the entire plan! TERM 19

Dependent Measures of Behavior Change

DEFINITION 19

  • Intensity - Frequency - Duration TERM 20

Tinkering

DEFINITION 20 Small changes to increase the chance of success

Shaping

the gradual approach to a goal through successive approximations TERM 22

Reasons People Fail at Behavior Change

DEFINITION 22

  • inadequate social support - goals set too high - consistency (systematic application is a must!)