Download Term 1: Overview of Psychological Techniques and Behavior Change and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
Exposure Therapy
Facing your fears TERM 2
Flooding
DEFINITION 2 Exposure technique - being exposed to the condition stimulus, - the strongest does of stimulus you can come up with 100 on anxiety. - Staying there until extinction takes it natural course, which will happen Similar to Systematic Desensitization, but without the relaxation, and you start at the TOP of the hierarchy TERM 3
Graded Exposure
DEFINITION 3 differences from Systematic Desensitization - based on extinction - does NOT involve relaxation - used for more generalized fears ex: fear of darkness Similarities: - use of hierarchy - systematic exposure to feared stimulus TERM 4
Operant Conditioning
DEFINITION 4 Skinner - higher order learning - works on consciously controlled behavior - overt behavior (easily observed by others) - somatic nervous system - rewards vs. punishment - uses reinforcers TERM 5
ABC's of Stress: operant conditioning
DEFINITION 5 A: Antecedents (Discriminative Stimulus) B: Behaviors (Overt Behavior) C: Consequences (Reinforcement or Punishment )
Reinforcer
increases the chance that a behavior will occur again TERM 7
Positive Reinforcer
DEFINITION 7 Pleasurable Consequence! - giving M&M's for good behavior TERM 8
Negative Reinforcer
DEFINITION 8 Termination of an Unpleasurable Event ex: hitting your child, fleeing from a feared stimuli to terminate anxiety, taking asprin to get rid of a headache - avoidance TERM 9
Avoidance
DEFINITION 9 form of negative reinforcer - avoids unpleasant states - prevents extinction of CER (Conditioned Emotional Response) TERM 10
Extinction (Operant Conditioning)
DEFINITION 10 Behavior without Consequence When a behavior is inconsequential, producing neither favorable nor unfavorable consequences, it will occur with less frequency. When a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced with either positive or negative reinforcement, it leads to a decline in the response.
Behavior Change
AWARENESS: (first step of behavior change) - achieved through SELF ASSESSMENT TERM 17
Awareness
DEFINITION 17 Step One: SELF ASSESSMENT: - identify and describe your stressors (who, what, where, when, why) - Identify the ABC's of each stressor and which can be modified Step Two: CREATE A GOAL - moderate intensity and difficulty - specific TERM 18
A Good Plan
DEFINITION 18
- explicit rules to guide behavior - goals and subgoals (shaping) - feedback - comparison of goals and subgoals to feedback - adjustment in the plan (tinkering) * it is crucial to record your behavior throughout the operation of the entire plan! TERM 19
Dependent Measures of Behavior Change
DEFINITION 19
- Intensity - Frequency - Duration TERM 20
Tinkering
DEFINITION 20 Small changes to increase the chance of success
Shaping
the gradual approach to a goal through successive approximations TERM 22
Reasons People Fail at Behavior Change
DEFINITION 22
- inadequate social support - goals set too high - consistency (systematic application is a must!)
