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Module 3 Lesson 4: Enzymes, Study notes of Biochemistry

Massachusetts College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences (MCPHS)Biochemistry

Enzymes are biological catalysts made of proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process. They work by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur. Each enzyme has a specific active site that binds to its substrate with high specificity, often described by the "lock and key" or "induced fit" models. Enzymes follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics, characterized by parameters like Vmax (maximum reaction rate) and Km (substrate concentration at half Vmax). They can be regulated through inhibition (competitive, noncompetitive, uncompetitive), allosteric modulation, and covalent modifications (like phosphorylation). Environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and substrate concentration affect enzyme activity. Enzymes play essential roles in metabolism, signal transduction, DNA replication, and many other biological processes.

Typology: Study notes

2022/2023

Available from 05/23/2025

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→
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catalysts
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"
•
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reaction
rates
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entropically
neutral
conversion
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AH±
enthalpy
effect
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bind
transition
states
best

Partial preview of the text

Download Module 3 Lesson 4: Enzymes and more Study notes Biochemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Enzymes→^ Biological^ catalysts

ooo^ →

  • Increased^ reaction rates

-00C (^) NH? Globular Proteins

¥¥H|

  • RNA can (^) catalyze reactions

-00C →^ No^ binding

NH: • Ribozymes + ribosomal RNA

study of^ enzymatic processes → and (^) ;n◦r×n " (^) " • Oldest^ field in biochem^ C- late^1700 's)

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[^ pathways^ of

Greater reaction (^) specificity ; avoids side^ products decomposition Milder reaction^ conditions^ ; conducive^ to^ conditions^ in^ cells^ Kooi

Chorismate COE

" -00%4 Enzymes^ make^ the^ desired

pH -7,37°C^ • one^ most^ favorable

Faster (^) reaction rates (^) ; (^) biologically useful timeframe^

MHz OH capacity for^ regulation ;^ control^ of^ biological^ pathways Enzymatic Catalysts : Enzyme -^ Substrate^ Complex :^ Selectivity Enzymes do^ not^ affect^ equilibrium^ Ikea) Enzymes cannot^ affect^ free^ energy IAG) Bf ~ ygμgμ, gmym.mang.ggna.egqgp.a.ggslightly as substrate ,

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