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Model of Intelligence
New methods to assess IQ
Miro Brada
MA thesis in 1998 (Comenius University)
Art exhibitions "From Animation" London 2013,
"Fading Memory" Weißenohe 2015, TAIF Tokyo 2017
Conferences in Santorini, Daejon 2016, Geneva 2017
BIAS of the classic IQ method
eLephant Classic IQ tests admit one solution. A task in Amthauer test (1953), asks: What has common violet and elephant? The right answer is: LIFE Both have letter "l", so the right can be: L vioLet Series: 1 2 3? can be solved by: 1. y = x Both lead to the SAME solution 4, but logics differ. The classic IQ test admits 1 simpler solution that is BIASED against the intricate logic. Neveretheless it reflects IQ, because people discovering the intricate logic probably discover simpler one too. So the classic IQ method is valid on average, only its reliability decreases as the IQ rises.
- y = x^4 - 10x^3 + 35x^2 - 49x + 24 Graduate Record Examinations test (1994) has this task: Choose one of 5 options: a) geyser : water b) fault : tremor c) glacier : fissure d) avalanche : snow e) cavern: limestone to express the same relation as the pair: volcano : lava The ONLY right answer is: a) geyser : water But the right answer is e.g: e) cavern: limestone with formal analogy V : L V olcano : L ava e) ca V ern: L imestone
Figure 1
New method to assess IQ
In my research (1999), I asked 600 people to invent analogies as: "life : death" = "laugh : cry" for: fire : .......... = darkness : ........... There were 2 kinds of inventions: a) content fire : red = darkness : black fire : water = darkness : light fire : leasure = darkness : melancholy b) formal fire : fire = darkness : darkness fire : darkness = darkness : fire fire : fired = darkness : dark fire : erif = darkness : ssenkard ⇩ ⇩ All invented ⇨ average IQ Only 5% invented ⇨ higher IQ
Creativity is a higher form of IQ
The higher IQ, the less frequency of the invented sign. Newton's and Leibniz's invention of calculus was very demanding for IQ, that's why it was unique (=original) as only very few could think so exactly. Creativity is so a higher form of the IQ. Newton and Leibniz knew Euclid's and Descartes's mathematics to which they added the new logic. The high IQ is aware of simpler as well as advanced logic, so it is more flexible too.
IQ and Test of Creativity
Torrance figural test (1957) asseses:
- originality frequency of answers
- flexibility different types of answers
- fluency number of answers
- elaboration how many details Complete a figure as nobody would do. boat submarine Knife or boat is a frequent response (=not original) for the figure 1 of the Torrance test, a submarine is relatively rare (=original). The submarine and the boat on the pic, have the same 5 hulls. Are they same, slightly or entirely different? It shows a problem to classify creativity, without other criteria. "Complete a figure as nobody would do" instructs to invent unusual answers. It needs certain IQ to realize the first idea (boat, knife..) is often banal, to continue searching uncommon and different responses. So the IQ rises creativity - non-linearly: the new ideas don't need to appear in spite of search.
IQ and Projective Tests
Rorschach test (1921) reveals unconscious emotions projected to the inkblots. Kids or mentally handicapped more often interpret inkblots as part of something that is: 'oligophrenic detail'. High IQ synthesizes rather than fragments the fragments. J. Piaget showed the same ball at different places isn't the same for children of certain age: the ball under bed is 'ball A', and the SAME ball on the table is 'ball B'. Certain IQ is needed to synthesize "ball A" and "ball B" to ONE "ball". Rorschach inkblot
Emotional Quotient (EQ) is an illusion
Persons of high rank can be very selfish, that is often misinterpreted as a high IQ is at the expense of EQ. The rank isn't reliable indicator of IQ. So the persons of high rank can be very selfish because they have low (or not high enough) IQ, not low EQ. Empathy (EQ) needs IQ to understand the others, so IQ isn't at the expense of EQ. Murderers have on average low IQ = low EQ. Prejudices decline with high IQ, which is another indicator of empathy. In my research, the IQ reduced the prejudices, while the strongest bias was against the high IQ.
Social IQ is an illusion
Was G. Bruno burnt alive socially unintelligent? And were his executioners socially intelligent? Social status is often linked with social IQ. But unintelligent people can't be socially intelligent, and the status is often inherited or earned by anti-social egoism. People good in math have lower social IQ, is a typical prejudice. It is only occasionally true in special cases, and can be a result of social exclusion. Popularity uses to be misinterpreted as the social IQ. E.g. physically attractive persons can be popular not because of their social IQ but because of their attractiveness (or other quality unrelated to IQ).
Artificial IQ requires consciousness
PC is much faster and capable to process incomparable more info than humans. Neural networks can learn, but when will PC write witty aphorisms or catchy music? Humans instruct computers and check the generated output. PC can't replace humans without self-consciousness and motivation to create. Uncontrolled artificial IQ can harm like a drone killing civilians, but without consciousness it has no incentive to e.g. systematically kill humans or compose popular songs.
IQ types
Performance and verbal IQs correlate - but not always. Performance (non-verbal) IQ decreases more with age or e.g. alcoholism, and it is sometimes considered genuine intelligence. Any talent requires motivation and certain level of IQ - but there is no special IQ like music or linguistic IQ. The higher IQ, the (usually) higher flexibility. That's why persons good in one field are more likely to be good in any other field if they have motivation and opportunity.
IQ and mental health
IQ decreases the likelihood of mental illness and disorders. The high IQ needs higher flexibility preventing iteration of one logic (=psychosis). Neurosis: denial, rationalization, regression, projection etc.. is a self-defense mechanism protecting ego from unsuccess or unacceptable impulses. The high IQ is more likely to understand the motivation of neurosis and so prevent it. Psychopathy e.g. lies or manipulation, decreases with IQ that sees more options, and a lie is only one of them. In special cases the high IQ can increase chances of suicide or mental disorder. E.g. the high IQ is more aware of inevitable loss to make suicide (in this case) more likely.
IQ and art
Art is logical series of various forms and contents. Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal or Leibniz's calculus is logical series comparable by originality, flexibility or intricacy. It can be assessed like figure skating with far more options as art has fewer physical limits. The calculus defines more intricate (unique) principle than poems with more variants. Thus it's likely that Leibniz was a bit more brilliant than Baudelaire, but vice verse is possible too. Psychometrics sets objective criteria to assess and compare intricacies or other qualities. It has a practical or political meaning: certain positions require certain mental qualities independent of social status to support meritocracy: the best should manage the society to function better for all.
Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal (1857), Whitman's Leaves of Grass (1855) or Ginsberg's Howl (1955) opened a new space of romanticism. Whitman was re-writing his poems till his death - so the poetry is too vague to be unique (as calculus). That's why many poets were famous not because their poetry was the best (sometimes maybe yes), but because they evoked outrage (Baudelaire, Ginsberg, Shelley..) or for political or other reasons. Whitman embodied the need of the great American poet like Warhol embodied the great American painter (as Picasso). Between 1994 and 2000 I composed about 200 chess problems winning a few international prizes, and defined a new class of conditions redefining mate e.g. MAFF mate with a free field. It was like writing algorithms (mental gymnastics far harder than playing chess) helping me to succeed in computer programming. Chess composition is exactly defined with its own evolution and genres: mate in 2 / 3.. self-mates, studies... Alberto Mari published in l'Echiquier Belge (1928) reciprocal change of mates (AB-BA) to set neo-strategic movement, a multi tier logic (game in game) reminding Mannerism. It has genetics of modern art: surrealism, impressionism, cubism, pop-art.. Or Hitchcock's Vertigo (1958) altering a plot (AB-BA) in the middle. I tried to apply new-strategy into logical series of animations, to exhibit in London, Germany, Tokyo. Chess composition is a limited set with options to add new conditions (e.g. redefine mate) to always enhance itself. Nevertheless the ideas are occasionally anticipated - unintentionally or in fewer cases as plagiarism. I re-invented the same idea of renowned composers 3 times: mate in 2 with cyclic change (1958) of V. Rudenko, self-mate in 2 with reciprocal change (1972) of M. Mladenović, and mate in 2 with Shedey cycle (1992) of J. Valuška.
