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MN 650 EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS.
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Antipsychotic agents are used to treat: - answer Schizophrenia, delusional disorders, bipolar disorders, depressive psychoses, and drug induced psychoses. Not for dementia related psychoses due to increased mortality. What are the two groups of antipsychotics? - answer 1. first generation antipsychotics (conventional antipsychotics).
What are examples of second generation antipsychotics? - answer Aripipazole (Abilify) Asenapine (Saphris) Brexpiprazole (Rexulti) Cariprazine (Vraylar) Clozapine (Clozaril) Iloperidone (Fanapt) Lurasidone (Latuda) Olanzipine (Zyprexa) Paliperidone (Invega) Quetiapine (seroquel) Risperidone (Risperdal) Ziprasidone (Geodon) What is the generic name for Haldol? - answer Haloperidol What is the generic name for Abilify? - answer aripiprazole What is the generic name for Latuda? - answer lurasidone What is the generic name for Zyprexa? - answer olanzapine Which EPS symptom is irreversible? - answer Tardive dyskinesia What is acute dystonia? - answer Severe spasm of the tongue, neck, face, and back. It is a crisis situation that requires rapid treatment. How is acute dystonia treated? - answer Anticholinergic drugs IM or IV. Be careful to discern between acute dystonia and psychotic crisis. An extra dose of antipsychotic medication can make things worse. What is the EPS symptom parkinsonism? - answer Commonly characterized by: bradykinesia, mask-like face, drooling, tremor, rigidity, shuffling gait, cogwheeling, and stooped posture. How is EPS symptom Parkinsonism treated? - answer Anticholinergics (benzo, diphenhydramine) amantadine or both. If symptoms are severe you may need to switch to second generation antipsychotic. Antiparkinson's drugs should not be continued indefinitely. What a akathisia? - answer Another EPS symptom characterized by pacing and squirming brought on by the uncontrollable need to be in motion. Usually develops within the first 2 months of treatment. How is akathisia treated? - answer beta blockers, especially propanolol, and benzodiazepines. Reduce useage or switch to a low potency antipsychotic Which EPS symptoms is a late reaction? - answer Tardive dyskinesia can occur months to
Other symptoms of depression other than loss of pleasure and depressed mood? - answer Insomnia, anorexia, weight loss or weight gain, mental slowing and loss of concentration, feels of guilt, worthlessness and helplessness, thoughts of death and suicide and overt suicidal behavior What causes depression? - answer Some may be more vulnerable than others due to genetics, difficult childhood, and chronic low self esteem. Possible monoamine deficiency What types of medications are used to treat depression? - answer Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor, Trycyclic Antidepressant, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor, and Atypical Antidepressant How long before an oral antidepressant begins to effect the patient? - answer Initial responses may be seen after 1 to 3 weeks; maximum response may not be seen until 12 weeks and cannot be taken as needed What must all patients taking antidepressants be warned off? - answer During treatment with antidepressants, especially early on, the risk for suicide may actually increase. Concern is largely for people under the age of 25. What are potential side effects of SSRI? - answer nausea, agitation, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction How do SSRIs work? - answer block neuronal reuptake of serotonin, a monoamine neurotransmitter; this subsequently causes an increase in serotonin available Why are the SSRIs the most commonly used antidepressants today? - answer SSRIs are equally effective at helping with depressive symptoms, but are better tolerated and much
safer. Overdose from SSRI is very rare. What are potential side effects of SSRIs? - answer Sexual dysfunction, decreased libido, weight gain, serotonin syndrome, neonatal effects from use in pregnancy, and teratogenesis What is serotonin syndrome? - answer May begin 2 to 72 hours after the initiation of a drug containing serotonin. Signs and symptoms can include: AMS, incoordination, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, excessive sweating, tremor and fever. How long should you wait to start an SSRI after taking an MAOI? - answer 14 days What are examples of SSRI drugs? - answer fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline What are SNRIs? - answer serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors What are examples of SNRIs? - answer venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, and levomilnacipran