Download MLT Immunology Final Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Latest Version 2024 | Verified and more Exams Immunology in PDF only on Docsity!
MLT Immunology Final Questions with
100% Correct Answers | Latest Version
2024 | Verified
Which type of immunity is specific? - ✔✔Acquired Which type of immunity is immediate? - ✔✔Humoral Which type of immunity depends on neutrophils and macrophages? - ✔✔Humoral Name the primary lymphoid organs? - ✔✔Bone marrow, thymus From which cells or site do all blood cells arise? - ✔✔Stem cells in the bone marrow. Where to T lymphocytes mature? - ✔✔Stem cells in the bone marrow. Where to T lymphocytes mature? - ✔✔Thymus. Where to B lymphocytes mature? - ✔✔Lymph nodes. Which specific cell type secretes circulating antibodies? - ✔✔Plasma cell (mature B lymph). Which cell is elevated in parasitic infections? - ✔✔Eosinophil. What is the difference between chemotaxis and chemotoxins? - ✔✔Chemotaxis is movement of cells due to chemical signals; chemotoxins are the chemicals that call cells to an area.
What is dapedesis and which cells do it? - ✔✔Using a false food to move, granulocytes and monocytes move through epithelial cell lining to move toward an area of inflammation. What is opsonization? - ✔✔"preparing to eat" opsonins attach to bacteria making them more appetizing to phagocytes. How are immunoglobulins grouped together into classes? - ✔✔Similarites in the heavy chains. Name the light chains. - ✔✔Kappa and lambda. How many heavy and light chains does an immunoglobulin consist of? - ✔✔2 heavy, 2 light, except IgM What is a Fab fragment? - ✔✔ONE light chain and 1/2 of a heavy chain. Which antibody is found in tears and the lining of mucous membranes including intestines? - ✔✔IgA Which immunoglobulin activates the classical complement pathway? - ✔✔IgM & IgG Which antibody is highest in a secondary immune response? - ✔✔IgG Which immunoglobulin binds to mast cells causing an allergic reaction? - ✔✔IgE What is the valence of IgG? - ✔✔ 2 What is the valence of IgM? - ✔✔ 10 What substance is released from the granules of mast cells? - ✔✔Hisomine Which hypersensitivity reaction is associated with anaphylaxis? - ✔✔Type 1
Where are most complement components made? - ✔✔Liver. No agglutination with anti-A, No Agglutination with anti-B. What is the blood type? - ✔✔O No agglutination with anti-A, Agglutination with anti-B. What is the blood type? - ✔✔B Agglutination with anti-A, No agglutination with anti-B. What is the blood type? - ✔✔A In blood typing, if the red cell button is not resuspended properly, what are the most likely results? - ✔✔False negative Agglutination with Anti-A and anti-B. What is the blood type? - ✔✔AB What is the first phase of agglutination? - ✔✔Sensitization. What is lattice formation in agglutination? - ✔✔The formation of cross-links that form the visible aggregates. What is lattice formation in agglutination? - ✔✔The formation of cross-links that form the visible aggregates. Describe a 4+ agglutination blood typing reaction. - ✔✔all RBC's combined in a solid aggregate. C-reactive proteins falls into which category of indicators? - ✔✔Acute phase reactant. CRP is specific for which disease state? - ✔✔CRP is NOT specific, but only a general indicator of inflammation. Is a titer qualitative or quantitative? - ✔✔Semi-quantitative.
In SPE, which band contains the immunoglobulins? - ✔✔Heavy chains. In SPE, what would a spike in the gamma region indicate? - ✔✔An overproduction of ONE class of immunoglobulin. In SPE, what would a beta-gamma bridge indicate? - ✔✔An increase in all immunoglobulin classes. What type of assay would combine patient serum, labeled antigen, and known antibody? - ✔✔Competitive EIA. In Ouchterlony immunodiffusion what does the formation of an X, spur, and arc mean? - ✔✔X- non identity, spur- partial identity, arc- identity. In a sandwich assay what is bound to the solid phase? - ✔✔Unlabeled antibody. What is the best test to detect HDN? - ✔✔DAT. Which test is best to evaluate CSF for spyhillis? - ✔✔VDRL. Which antibody is demonstrated in the RPR and VDRL? - ✔✔Reagin. How do we report RPR results? - ✔✔Reactive, weakly reactive, nonreactive, or the titer. Name 2 direct treponemal methods. - ✔✔FTA-ABS and darkfield microscopy. What is the best sample to test for the presence of neurosyphillis? - ✔✔CSF What oral disease may be common in AIDS patients? - ✔✔Thrush.
Which disease causes a total lack of immune function from T and B cells? - ✔✔SCID. What would recurrent bacterial, fungal, and viral infections in a young child indicate? - ✔✔Immunodeficiency syndrome such as SCID. Which autoimmune disease would cause a fasting glucose of 600mg/dL in an 11 year old boy with autoantibodies against insulin? - ✔✔Type I diabetes. Which autoimmune disease causes lesions on the myelin sheath? - ✔✔Multiple sclerosis. What is Goodpasture's Syndrome? - ✔✔Autoimmune disease with anti-basement membrane antibodies. Which autoimmune disease is associated with hypothyroidism? - ✔✔Hashimoto's. Which autoimmune disease is caused by IgM directed against IgG? - ✔✔Rheumatoid Arthritis. Which autoimmune disease is associated with hyperthyroidism? - ✔✔Grave's Disease. Which auto antibodies are seen in Pernicious anemia? - ✔✔Anti-parietal cell antibodies. Which auto antibodies are seen in Myasthenia gravis? - ✔✔Anti-acetylcholine receptor. If 10 ml of saline is added to 1 mL of serum, what does the 10 mL of saline represent? - ✔✔The diluent. How do you make a 1:20 diultion? - ✔✔1 part serum and 19 parts diluents. How do you make 5 mL of a 1:20 dilution? What is 1/20 of 5 mL? - ✔✔0.25 mL of serum and 4.75 mL diluents.
If 0.2 mL is added to 2.2 mL, what dilution does this represent? - ✔✔1:12. A 1:4 serial dilution was used for an RPR. If the 5th circle is the last to show agglutination, what result will you release? - ✔✔1:4, 1:16, 1:64, 1:256, 1:1024. The titer is 1:1024. The presence of reagin antibody indicates lupus. - ✔✔False Direct treponemal tests should be used for confirmation, NOT screening - ✔✔True Tumor markers are routinely used for diagnosis of cancer because they are highly specific. - ✔✔False HIV infects CD4 T helper cells. - ✔✔True Prenatal transfer of disease happens when mothers pass infections to infants inutero. - ✔✔True Multiple Myeloma patients suffer from anemia, increased platelet count, rouleaux formation, and the presence of Bence Jones protein in the urine. - ✔✔False Immunoglobulins neutralize toxic substances - ✔✔True Immunoglobulin facilitate phagocytosis through opsonization. - ✔✔True. Immunoglobulins interact with T cells to lyse viruses. - ✔✔False Immunoglobulin can combine with complement to destroy cellular antigens. - ✔✔True IgM can cross the placenta. - ✔✔False
What is an antigen found in different species that trigger a similar antibody response? - ✔✔Heterophile antigen. Give an example of a heterophile antigen. - ✔✔B blood group ag reacts with E. coli antibody. What is an autoantigen? - ✔✔antigens that belong to the host What is the zone at which antibody and antigen are at optimal concentrations? - ✔✔Zone of equivalence. What is an alloantigen? - ✔✔from other members of the host's species. What is Precipiation? - ✔✔antigen and antibody are both soluble and form and insoluble comples. What is a Serial dilution? - ✔✔reduction of concentration of an active substance by admixture of a neutral agent. What is Agglutination? - ✔✔the antigen is bound to a large carrier and the antibody is soluble.
