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Mizzou Anatomy Lab Exam With Complete
Solutions
The conus medullaris is located adjacent to which specific vertebra? - ANSWER L Which structure brings information into the neuron? - ANSWER Dendrite Which structure sends information out of the neuron? - ANSWER Axon Most important part of MS - ANSWER destruction of myelin sheaths Myelin function - ANSWER protects and insulates axons What is myelin made by - ANSWER glial cells neurons affected by ALS - ANSWER motor gray matter - ANSWER white matter - ANSWER dorsal horn - ANSWER ventral horn - ANSWER
layers of meninges from superficial to deep - ANSWER dura mater, arachnoid mater, piamater
What is the term for the space that is superficial to the outermost meningeal layer? -ANSWER Epidural space
What is the space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater called? - ANSWERsubarachnoid space
Through which bone does the spinal cord exit the skull? - ANSWER occipital bone What is the name of the foramen through which the spinal cord passes through theskull? - ANSWER foramen magnum
In what lobe is primary visual cortex located? - ANSWER occipital In what lobe is primary auditory cortex located? - ANSWER temporal In what lobe is primary sensory cortex located? - ANSWER parietal In what lobe is primary motor cortex located? - ANSWER frontal In what lobe is Broca's area located? - ANSWER left frontal In what lobe is Wernicke's area located? - ANSWER left temporal Brocas area - ANSWER speech production Wernicke's area - ANSWER speech comprehension
How many pairs of sacral spinal nerves are there? - ANSWER 5 How many pairs of coccygeal spinal nerves are there? - ANSWER 1 Which structures carry only motor fibers? - ANSWER ventral roots Which structures carry only sensory fibers? - ANSWER dorsal roots Which structures carry both motor and sensory fibers? - ANSWER Spinal nerves, ventralrami, dorsal rami
What muscle groups does the ulnar nerve innervate? - ANSWER Flexor compartment offorearm, hypothenar & interosseous muscles of the hand
If the ulnar nerve were severed, what clinical symptoms would you experience? -ANSWER Difficulty moving little finger, inability to adduct/abduct fingers
What is the nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel? - ANSWER median nerve What group of muscles in the hand would be affected in carpal tunnel syndrome? -ANSWER thenar muscles (thumb)
What would a patient with damage to this nerve in the carpal tunnel have difficultydoing? - ANSWER Opposing their thumb to the other digits
fracture of the humerus damages what - ANSWER radial nerve what muscles does brachial nerve innervate - ANSWER deltoid, teres minor
5 nerves of brachial plexus - ANSWER Radial, ulnar, median, musculocutaneous, axillary fracture of surgical neck of humerus daamges - ANSWER axillary nerve What nerve innervates the diaphragm? - ANSWER phrenic nerve What nerves are found between each pair of ribs? - ANSWER intercostal nerves what muscles do intercostal nerves innervate - ANSWER intercostal muscles what areas of skin do intercostal nerves innervate - ANSWER Skin superficial to theintercostal muscles on the thoracic wall.
How would the sympathetic division of the ANS (fight or flight) affect heart rate andblood pressure? - ANSWER Increase heart rate and blood pressure.
How would the parasympathetic division (rest and digest) affect heart rate and bloodpressure? - ANSWER decrease heart rate and blood pressure
List the three major nerves of the lumbosacral plexus. - ANSWER Sciatic, femoral,obturator
What are the two major branches of the sciatic nerve? - ANSWER Tibial, common fibular Where would the patient suffering from sciatica report feeling numbness and tingling? -ANSWER Posterior aspect of the entire lower limb
Which of these layers of skin is constantly being replaced from its basal sublayer? -ANSWER epidermis
Which layers of skin contains nerve endings? - ANSWER epidermis, dermis Inability to oppose the thumb - ANSWER median nerve Inability to abduct arm - ANSWER axillary nerve Inability to flex knee - ANSWER sciatic nerve Numbness of the pelvic floor - ANSWER pudendal nerve Inability to supinate the forearm - ANSWER musculocutaneous nerve Weakness extending thigh - ANSWER sciatic nerve Weakness adducting thigh - ANSWER obturator nerve Dorsiflexing foot - ANSWER common fibular nerve Numbness of posterolateral hand - ANSWER radial nerve Numbness of lateral forearm - ANSWER Musculocutaneous nerve What bony structure do the olfactory nerves pass through to reach the olfactory bulbfrom the nasal cavity? - ANSWER cribiform plate
5 cranial nerves associated with the eye - ANSWER optic oculomotor
trochlear opthalamic division of trigeminal abducens function of optic nerve - ANSWER vision function of oculomotor nerve - ANSWER Motor to four extrinsic eye muscles function of trochlear nerve - ANSWER Motor to one extrinsic eye muscle function of Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve - ANSWER Sensory from cornea function of abducens nerve - ANSWER Motor to one extrinsic eye muscle Turn your eyeball to look laterally (out to the side) - ANSWER lateral rectus, CN VI Turn your eyeball to look medially (toward your nose) - ANSWER medial rectus, CN III Turn your eyeball laterally and superiorly - ANSWER inferior oblique, CN III Turn your eyeball laterally and inferiorly - ANSWER superior oblique, CN IV Turn your eyeball medially and superiorly - ANSWER superior rectus, CN III Turn your eyeball medially and inferiorly - ANSWER inferior rectus, CN III Which structure changes shape to focus light entering the eye? - ANSWER lens
When you burn the back of your tongue when swallowing very hot coffee, which cranialnerve carries the sensory information to the CNS? - ANSWER Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) When you taste the coffee, which cranial nerves carry taste information to the CNS? -ANSWER Facial nerve (CN VII) and glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Identify some of the structures that CN X (vagus) carries involuntary motor signals to. -ANSWER Heart, Stomach, Intestines
On this model, identify the following structures that CN X (vagus) carries sensoryinformation from: - ANSWER Posterior wall of the pharynx Larynx
Bell's palsy is a condition caused by dysfunction of - ANSWER CN VII (facial nerve). How would Bell's palsy affect the function of these muscles? - ANSWER They would benonfunctional on the affected side of the face. For example, someone with Bell's palsy would have trouble closing their eye or mouth. What structure does CN VII carry taste information from? (facial) - ANSWER anteriortongue
Would it be painful if someone with Bell's palsy bit the tip of their tongue? - ANSWERYes, because sensory signals from the anterior tongue are carried by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) What structures receive involuntary motor fibers from CN VII? (facial) - ANSWERSubmandibular and sublingual salivary glands (also lacrimal gland)
how many pairs of cranial nerves - ANSWER 12
How many cranial nerves carry only sensory fibers? Which ones? - ANSWER Three: I, II,VIII
How many cranial nerves carry only motor fibers? Which ones? - ANSWER Five: III, IV,VI, XI, XII
How many cranial nerves carry both motor and sensory fibers? Which ones? - ANSWERFour: V, VII, IX, X
What is different about CN XI? - ANSWER It originates from the spinal cord rather thanfrom the brain like all the other cranial nerves.
What cranial nerve innervates the inner ear? - ANSWER Vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)
What is the function of the cochlea? - ANSWER Converts vibrations of the ossicles intonerve impulses that are carried to the brain by the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
What is the function of the semicircular canals? - ANSWER Converts positionalinformation about movements of the head into nerve impulses that are carried to the brain by the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) Vertigo is a disorder that involves dysfunction of the semicircular canals. Whatsymptoms would someone with vertigo describe having? - ANSWER Dizziness and inability to balance properly Shrug your shoulders - ANSWER Accessory nerve (CN XI) Smell chocolate chip cookies baking - ANSWER Olfactory nerve (CN I) Raise your eyelids - ANSWER Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Is the left kidney normally superior or inferior to the iliac crest? - ANSWER superior Trace the path of urine through these structures. - ANSWER Renal pyramid - Minor calyx- Major calyx - Renal pelvis - Ureter - Bladder - Urethra
In which part of the kidney does filtration take place? - ANSWER nephrons In which part of the kidney does water absorption take place? - ANSWER Renalpyramids
Which structures combine to form major calyces? - ANSWER Minor calyces Which structures combine to form the renal pelvis? - ANSWER Major calyces In which of these structures will you find urine? - ANSWER Renal pyramid, Renal papilla,Minor calyx, Major calyx, Renal pelvis, Ureter
In females, is the bladder located anterior or posterior to the uterus? - ANSWERAnterior
Is the urethra anterior or posterior to the vagina? - ANSWER anterior Is the bladder superior or inferior to the prostate? - ANSWER Superior If the prostate becomes enlarged, what structure that passes within it becomecompressed? - ANSWER Prostatic urethra
Is the prostate anterior or posterior to the rectum? - ANSWER Anterior
Where are sperm made? - ANSWER Testes Where do sperm mature? - ANSWER Epididymis Where are sperm stored prior to ejaculation? - ANSWER Epididymis Which structures produce seminal fluid? - ANSWER Seminal vesicles & prostate gland Which structure produces fluid that lubricates and protects sperm? - ANSWER Prostategland
Through which structures do the seminal vesicles secrete fluid into the urethra? -ANSWER Ejaculatory ducts
Trace the path of sperm from the site of production to the penis using the structureslisted above (not all will be included in the path). - ANSWER Testis - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory duct - urethra Where are eggs stored before release (ovulation)? - ANSWER Ovaries When are eggs produced? - ANSWER Before birth Trace the path of the egg from the ovary to menstruation using the structures listedabove (not all will be included in the path). - ANSWER Ovary - fimbriae - uterine tube - uterus (body) - cervix - vagina Which layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation? - ANSWER Endometrium Where are eggs normally fertilized? - ANSWER Uterine tube
The cervix is a part of which organ? - ANSWER Uterus homologues reporductive system male and female - ANSWER Crura Bulbs Glans Corpusspongiosum Corpora cavernosa
What kind of tissue makes up most of the breast? - ANSWER Adipose tissue In radical mastectomy (removal of the breast), the underlying muscle is also removed.What is this muscle? - ANSWER Pectoralis major
Which sphincter is under voluntary control? - ANSWER External urethral sphincter Which sphincter is under involuntary control? - ANSWER Internal urethral sphincter What is the name of the muscle that forms the walls of the bladder? - ANSWER Detrusor what is the fucntion of detrusor - ANSWER expel urine Which structure carries urine into the bladder from the kidneys? - ANSWER Ureter Which structure carries urine out of the body? - ANSWER Urethra
